GRADE 8

COMPUTER
SCIENCE II

PHOTO EDITING USING

ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
Objectives

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

❖ formulate your learning goals and targets
❖ explore and examine the basic concepts and underlying principles of photo editing
specifically using the Adobe Photoshop

❖ apply the concepts and skills learned in photo editing

❖ produce a marketable product or service in photo editing
❖ appreciate the relevance of learning the basic concepts and skills of photo editing

PRE ASSESSMENT

"Assessment is today's means of modifying tomorrow's instruction."

-Carole Tomlinson

Activity.
How Much
Do You
Know?
A. Direction: Answer the questions based on your current photo editing ability (in any
photo editing program). Use the 4-point Likert Scale below.

1 – Not at all 2 – Maybe, with some help

3 – Yes, independently 4 – So well that I could help others

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 Indicators 1 2 3 4
1. I can use the zoom tool to zoom in and out on a
photo.
2. I can define what a pixel is.
3. I can resize a photo.
4. I can rotate/flip a photo.
5. I can crop a photo.
6. I can turn a photo to black and white and/or sepia.
7. I can use selection tools to select part of a photo.
8. I can add special effects to a photo.
9. I can add text to a photo.
10. I can put a decorative frame and/or mask around
a photo.
11. I can use the stamp or clone tool.
12. I can use drawing tools on a photo.
13. I have used photo editing before.

14. If you have answered yes in question number 13, please describe how you have used
photo editing and through whom.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
B. Direction: Accomplish the following activities to test your understanding on Photo
Editing.

1. Imagine that you are a graphic artist expert in photo editing. You want to make use
of your learned skills to put up a Graphics and Design business. Cite possible
services you could offer to your clientele.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. In connection with the above question, what possible marketing strategies could
you do to sell your services to your target customers?

______________________________________________________________

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 ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. What computer application/software are you going to use?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

C. Directions: Below are two activities that you need to accomplish. Read the given
situations carefully.

Activity 1

1. Examine the picture on the right. Can you make

changes on the picture?
2. In three ways, what changes can you make
using an image editing application?
3. What photo editing software can you use?
Name at least two.

Activity 2

Conduct a survey to determine the number of internet shops/cafes in your

community and the services they offer. Ask the owner why they venture into such
business.

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 Learning Goals and Targets

Directions: In studying this module, you need to set your own learning goals and targets.
Follow the illustrations below and write your answers in your activity
notebook.

My goals at the end of this module are:

My targets are:

Target 1

Target 2

Target 3

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 Process and Delivery

Study the pictures below showing services and products processed in Photo
Editing.

1. Do you notice the changes?

2. What do you think was done to the pictures?
3. What are the effects of the changes? Were they done for advertising, for
entertainment, for emphasis, or for other effects?
4. Do you think you can create those changes? How?
5. Do you want to be a good photo editor? Why?

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 reader’s eye to read the words. It Editing
Lesson 1 Concepts

Image editing is the processes of altering

Know images, whether
photographs,
they
traditional
are digital
analog
photographs, or illustrations.

Traditional analog image editing is known as

Basics of Image Editing photo retouching, using tools such as an
airbrush to modify photographs, or editing
Images – they are incredibly illustrations with any traditional art medium.
versatile, come in a variety of
Graphic software programs, which can be
formats, and deliver
broadly grouped into vector graphics editors,
context, information and raster graphics editors and 3D modelers, are
emotions that words alone struggle to the primary tools with which a user may
convey. Having a clean and balanced manipulate, enhance and transform images.
image is of great value.
Many image editing programs are also used to
Newspapers have always used render or create computer art from scratch.
dramatic images to sell their stories.
An image is the hook that draws the
breaks up the text, brightens the page and sets the mood for the article. Websites use
photos in the same way, to catch the readers before they navigate away from a page, to
draw them on to reading the content.

You do not have to be a professional photographer to produce good enough

images. It does help to shoot a good clear image in the first place, but simple snapshots
can be improved a lot in an image editing program.

Whether you use a free image editing program like GIMP or Picasa, or purchase
software such as Adobe Photoshop, learning just a few basic image editing techniques
can turn a photo from dull waste of space to effective hook for your website.

As a beginner in photo editing, you are expected to learn the basics of image
editing which are presented below.

1. Cropping

Cropping an image effectively can already make a huge difference to its impact.
When you cut out distracting background, or a clutter of irrelevant objects around, the
subject of your photo stands out better. You can correct the placing of the subject if it is
awkwardly placed by trimming one side, focus more attention on a person’s face by
cropping a wide shot into a portrait format and much more.

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 When cropping, keep in mind a basic rule of composition: the rule of thirds. This
golden rule of photography divides the image into thirds, horizontally and vertically and
then aligns the subject with one of the intersecting lines. The horizon in a landscape shot,
usually works best placed on one of these lines too. Read more about composition and
then you can apply it with your cropping tool.

2. Resizing and Compression

When you have cropped and edited your image, so you have it looking just the
way you like, the next stage is to resize and compress it to the optimum size for the use
you intend it for. You may want to save a copy of your edited image before you resize it,
so that you can use it at a different size later.

When editing and preparing images for display it is important to consider the
medium over which your images will be transmitted. Are your images for print? Will it be
used on a web page? Or maybe they are for a PowerPoint presentation. Each of these
media requires that you adjust the size and resolution of your image appropriately.

You know size refers to the actually height and width that your image will be
displayed as, but resolution is just as important. Resolution refers to the number of dots
per inch (dpi) that appear in your images final form. For print these really may just be dots.
On screen, however, these dots are referred to as pixels. An image with high resolution
(one produced for print, for example) will look very smooth and will show virtually no
pixilation. An image with low resolution (one produced for the screen— particularly the
web) may look far more pixelated.

For print you want high resolution because your printers can handle it and your
pictures will look best. For the screen you must rely on layout resolutions simply because
monitors can only handle so much.

2.1. Resizing image from digital camera

As the quality of digital cameras goes up, so does the volume of pixels they can
capture. These days, shooting in your camera’s highest quality mode can yield an image
bigger than your printer can actually print. While most image editing programs can resize
your photo in their respective print dialog boxes, knowing how to do it yourself gives you
more control.

3. Correcting

One of the first decisions you must make after downloading the files from your
camera is whether they all need generalized correction. This might be because the light

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that was used to make the photographs was not consistent with the white balance setting
on the camera. For example, the camera might have been set for bright sun, but perhaps
there was a small amount of haze, or photographing on the north side of a building may
have created a color bias in the image. If all the images in a single group were
photographed under these conditions, you would need to correct all of them. Further, the
entire image would need to be corrected to change the color rendition because of the
inconsistency between the light and the white balance.

4. Sharpening or Softening

Sharpening or softening is the last of the global corrections that are often applied
to digital images. This may be needed because of the way digital sensors are made and
how this affects the look of the captured image. In many digital sensors there is a diffusion
material that slightly blurs the captured image to eliminate unwanted effects such as moiré
pattern. Both pixel sharpening and edge sharpening correct these effects. Pixel
sharpening is applied to the pixels with processes such as unsharp masking. Edge
sharpening is applied only to the pixels that the software can identify as being on an edge.

To your eyes, particularly as you look at a rasterized image on a computer screen,

the image sharpness will always seem like it can be improved. However, this control
should be used very sparingly to avoid over sharpening the image. Over sharpening
increases the contrast and often distorts color relationships and is the opposite of
softening. Sharpening may be applied in all steps of the imaging process: capture,
processing and printing. It should therefore not be applied in the camera because it can
be corrected in processing and printing.

Raster Image

Raster images are stored in a computer in the form of a grid of picture elements,
or pixels. These pixels contain the images color and brightness information. Image editors
can change the pixels to improve the image in many ways. The pixels can be changed as
a group, or individually, by the refined algorithms within the image editors.

The domain of this article primarily refers to bitmap graphics editors, which are often
used to alter photographs and other raster graphics.

Vector graphics software, such as Adobe Illustrator, Corel DRAW, Xara Designer
Pro or Inkscape, are used to create and modify vector images, which are stored
as descriptions of lines, Bézier splines and text instead of pixels.

It is easier to rasterize a vector image than to vectorize a raster image; how to go

about vectorizing a raster image is the focus of much research in the field of
computer vision.

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 Vector images can be modified more
easily, because they contain
descriptions of the shapes for easy
rearrangement. They are also
scalable, being rasterizable at any
resolution.

Automatic Image Enhancement

Camera or computer image editing

programs often offer basic automatic
image improvement features that
correct color hue and brightness
imbalances as well as other
image editing features, such as red eye removal, sharpness adjustments, zoom
features and automatic cropping.

These are called automatic because generally they happen without user interaction
or are offered with one click of a button or mouse button or by selecting an option
from a menu.

Some automatic editing features offer a combination of editing actions with little or
no user interaction.

Digital Data Compression

Many image file formats use data compression to reduce file size and save storage
space.

Digital compression of images may take place in the camera, or can be done in the
computer with the image editor.

When images are stored in Joint Photograhic Experts Group (JPEG) format,
compression has already taken place.

Both cameras and computer programs allow the user to set the level of
compression.

Some compression processes such as those used in Portable Network Graphics

(PNG) file format, are lossless, which means no information is lost when the file is saved.
By contrast, the JPEG file format uses a lossy compression algorithm by which the greater
the compression, the more information is lost, ultimately reducing image quality or detail

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that cannot be restored. JPEG uses knowledge of the way the human brain and eyes
perceive color to make this loss of detail less noticeable.

Key Terms and Definitions

Photoshop Document (.psd). A .psd file is the file format in which Photoshop saves
documents by default. It is a multi-layer document that retains its full editing options when
saved. In many cases, you will export web graphics from a .psd document file format.

Layers. Photoshop documents are composed of layers, which can basically be described
as single transparent sheets which hold particular pieces of an image. These layers can
contain images, text and vector graphics. They can be rearranged and grouped according
to user needs. Layers are controlled with the use of the Layers pane.

Selections. Selections refer to regions in an image that will be affected by the various
tools. A selection in Photoshop is similar to a selection that you highlight in a word
processing application. Once you have selected an area, you can apply a tool to it, such
as paintbrush, or perform an operation such as copy or crop. Selections can be any shape
and size; the shape depends on which selection tool you are working with. Your selection
will apply only to the current layer. If that layer is empty in the region selected, an error
message will appear. When this happens, go to the Layers pane and select the correct
layer.

Resolution. Resolution refers to the number of pixels in a full size image. An image with
high resolution contains more information than an image with low resolution and
therefore, one can always convert a high resolution (hi-res) image to a low resolutions
(lo-res) image. However, because information is lost in the conversion, the reverse is not
true. If you were to increase the resolution of a lo-res image, the result would be fuzzy.

Image Size. Resolution should not be confused with image size, which is also expressed
in pixels. Image size deals with the actual number of pixels tall and wide an image is. For
an idea of how the two differ, go to Image Size in the Image menu, and plug in different
numbers for image size and resolution.

Color mode. Color mode refers to the types of colors you will be using in your image.
CMYK and RGB are the most important of these modes to be familiar with.

• CMYK is the setting for images that will be printed to paper. The letters refer to the
four channels of color used to create every color available: cyan, magenta, yellow
and black.
• RGB refers to the three channel color mode suitable for images to be viewed on
the web: red, green and blue.

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 Process
Let us see if you understood what you have read.

Direction: Complete the web below by enumerating the basics of photo editing. Give
brief description of each.

Activity. Complete the Web

Image Editing

Reflect and Understand

You have learned that image editing is an enjoyable activity but it entails a lot of
patience and creativity. As a photo editor, you must have an eye for art. Bear in mind that
the pictures you will come up with support the idea that you wish to convey.

A photo is worth a thousand words, they say. It depends on the photo and on the
words of course. However, just by learning the basic image editing techniques, you can

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make sure that your photos put across the message you want and get your views to read
your words, too.

Below are other features of photo editing that you need to learn. Read and
understand them carefully.
Screen Resolution

Screen resolution is close to 72 pixels per inch. If you are working with graphics to
be viewed only on screen, 72 should be fine. Depending on the printer you are using, you
may increase this above 72 for graphics. The preferred resolution for images is 300 while
the standard resolution for printing is 150. A typical monitor is set to display somewhere
around 800x600 pixels. This means that a 1”x1”, 600dpi (dots per inch) image would fill
up most of the screen. It is becoming more and more common that monitors are set to
display at higher resolution—somewhere around 1024x768 pixels.

For this reason you must design screen graphics at a lower resolution: 72dpi is the
standard for the world wide web (www). Due to screen resolution limitations, you should
measure the dimensions of images using pixels. To be safe, never publish an image for
the web that is more than 800 pixels wide or 600 pixels high. Unless the screen image
you are using came from the web, it is likely that you will have to edit the image so that it
is an appropriate resolution and size for display. To do so, rely on Photoshop’s tools for
cropping and resizing images.

As a basic rule for a medium web-site image, reduce the longest side of your image
to around 450pixels. Make sure that it is set at the 72dpi standard resolution for web use.
Adjust the quality further if necessary, so that your final image ends up at about 30-50kb
in size. Small thumbnail images can be even smaller at 200 pixels wide and10-15kb in
size.

Layering

Often times, when you find yourself frustrated with Photoshop, it is because you
are trying to perform operations on a layer that is not currently selected. Simply click on
the name of a layer in order to designate it as the current layer. Whenever you add text
to an image in Photoshop, the text appears on a new layer. You can "merge down" layers
to consolidate them, and "flatten image" to force the entire contents of the image onto one
layer.

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 Transfer

Learners like you are very creative. It is now time for you to transfer your learning
on photo editing into another way. This is one way to tap your multiple intelligences.

Directions: Below are two activities that you will accomplish in groups. Share your outputs
in class.

1. Conduct research on the basics of image editing that are not included in the module.
You can read books, magazines, or surf the net. Summarize it and share it to class.

2. Based on your research make a four line rhyme/jingle about the meaning and basics
of photo editing and perform it in class.

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 Lesson 2

Know

Overview of Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a seriously powerful photo and image editing application. Let
us have a quick look at what Photoshop is, and what it is not. Remember that Photoshop
is not a drawing program.

This is a very common source of confusion and PS Trivia

frustration. Although it is possible to use Photoshop to design and
construct original graphics, you will find that it is difficult and The real power of
limited. The reason is that Photoshop is not intended to be used Photoshop is in working
for this type of work. Photoshop is an image editing tool, not a with existing images.
Typical tasks include
design tool. To create original images, Adobe provides other
treating and
specialist programs such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Image
manipulation,
Ready. compositing, converting
to different formats,
Compatibility printing, etc.

Photoshop tends to work well with other applications. As well as integrating

seamlessly with other Adobe products (such as Premiere, Illustrator, etc), Photoshop
formats are also widely recognized and able to be imported into programs such as
Macromedia Fireworks, Corel Draw, etc.

Elements of the Interface

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 Perhaps the most important element of the Photoshop interface is the
toolbar. It contains a bunch of icons that represent the different tools Photoshop
offers to alter and create images. These include tools for selecting specific
areas of images, changing the colors of the image, stretching, transforming,
and erasing parts of an image, and many more. To get an idea of what some
of these tools can do, mouse over the icons and you will get an explanatory
tool tip.
PS Reminder
rich that it does take a
nd outs. Don't expect
Photoshop is soproficient overnight. However, the
featurewhile to learn all the
Fig. 1. The Photoshop Toolbar ins a
to become interface is well set out and
A. Panes informative.

Panes are also important features of the Photoshop interface. All sorts of
information are displayed in these panes. They display location information, tool options,
and history, among other things. If you ever lose track of a specific pane (they tend to
stack up), go to the windows menu and select that pane to view it.

B. Menu Bar

Menus are probably the most familiar interface elements to a new Photoshop
user. They contain all sorts of options, but since these are not as visible as panes or the
toolbar, they are often only partially explored. Below are the features on the menu bar.

Fig. 2. Various Photoshop

Panes

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 1. File Menu contains all of the stuff you expect. It lets you open and close documents
with a few extras including import, which deals with scanning, and save for web,
which allows you to export a web-ready image from your Photoshop file.

2. Edit Menu is another familiar menu. In Photoshop, edit houses all of the expected
options as well as fill and stroke, and other image-altering functions.

3. Items on the image menu affect a whole image for the most part. Here you will find
color adjustments, size adjustments, and any other changes you need to make
globally when working with a Photoshop file.

4. The layer menu is similar to the image menu. It allows you to make changes to an
image without altering your original image data. It contains options that affect only
current or selected layers. Just understand that an image in Photoshop consists of
stacked transparent layers. Options in the Layer menu affect these pieces of the
image rather than the complete image.

5. The select menu deals with selections you make. Selecting the specific parts of an
image you would like to change is a difficult part when working with Photoshop.
This menu gives you some options regarding selections, including the ability to
save selections, reverse them, or add to them. Learning the options on the
selection menu can really save you some time.

6. The filter menu is probably what most people think when they work with Photoshop.
The filter menu allows you to apply filters to any part of your image. These filters
include ways to change the texture of the image, with some potentially radical
results.
7. The view menu is where you change the view settings. You can use this to show
and display guidelines on the image and to zoom in and out, among other things.

8. The window menu allows you to toggle back and forth between hide and show for
each interface element. This is the first place you should go if you lose track of a
particular window while you are working.

9. Last and least is the help menu. The help documentation is not so helpful, but for
some reasons, this menu contains two nice features: resize image and export
transparent image.

C. Options Bar

The options bar which is located directly underneath the menus is a useful tool when
working with the different Photoshop tools.

As you can see right now, when the selection tool is in use, the options bar reflects
the changes that can be made to how that specific tool operates. Here, you have selection

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options and style options which include the ability to make the selection tool a specific
size in pixels. When you switch tools, to the paintbrush tool for instance, these options
change. When a tool in Photoshop is not behaving as you expect it to, the options bar
should be the first place you look to fix it.

Fig. 3. The options bar

Parts of the Options Bar

✓ Zoom In/Zoom Out tools: You can choose Zoom In or Zoom Out as separate tools
to avoid using the Alt key to toggle between the two.
✓ Zoom percentage: This figure shows you the current zoom level as a percentage.
You can edit the text by typing values between 5 and 3200.
✓ Zoom slider: Click the down-pointing arrow to open a slider bar. Drag the slider left
to zoom out or right to zoom in.
✓ Resize Windows to Fit: Select this check box to resize the window along with the
image zoom. Deselect the box to zoom in and out of an image while the image
window remains at a fixed size.
✓ Zoom All Windows: If you have multiple images open and select this check box,
zooming with the zoom tool zooms all open documents simultaneously.
✓ 1:1: Click this button to zoom the current window to a 1-to-1 ratio, showing the
zoom level at which the file will be printed.
✓ Fit Screen: Click to fit the image within the image window.
✓ Fill Screen: Click to zoom the current window to fill the screen.
✓ Print Size: Click to zoom the image to the size of the print file. Often, this option
shows you the same size as 1:1.

Creating Graphics in Photoshop

An advantage of Photoshop over basic photo editing software is the ability it gives you
to create your own graphics. There are numerous tools in Photoshop.

Most of the functions these tools perform are based

on your selection in an image. The effect or tool only
operates within a selection.

Make a small selection and select the paintbrush tool.

Move the mouse over your selection holding down the
mouse button. You'll see that the image is only altered within
the selection.

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Foreground/Background Colors

The foreground color, which will be applied by tools like the paintbrush, is represented by the
top square in the middle of the toolbar.

Colors and Graphics

To change this color, double

click the square. This reveals the color
picker, where you can pick a color with
several different methods, including
RGB values, hexadecimal codes and
by simply selection. If you are making
an image for the web, it is best to check
the "only web colors" box to ensure
that no dithering
(reductions in color quality) will take
place. Once you have picked your
color, click ok, and you are ready to go.
Fig. 4. The Color Picker Stroke and Fill

The most basic ways to apply colors to an image are to use Fill and Stroke, both
available on the edit menu. Make a selection, and choose fill from the edit menu. A dialog
will appear asking you to make some decisions about colors and transparency.
Make your selections, and press OK to fill the selection with the chosen color. Stroke
operates in much the same manner, though you are given the chance to determine the
weight of the lines you create.

Paintbrush tool

Make a selection and choose the tool from the toolbar. You can change the size of
the brush in the options bar, as well as the behaviors of the paint. The best way to learn
what these options do (and some of it is pretty surprising) is to experiment. Remember,
you have multiple undo’s and layers so do not worry about ruining your image.

Pencil Tool

The Pencil tool works much like the Paintbrush, but draws a distinct line rather than a
feathery painted one. Click and hold the paintbrush icon to reveal the pencil.

Eraser Tool

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 The eraser tool works much like the Paintbrush and Pencil, but rather than fill the
selected region with a color, it actually removes whatever is in the selection and reveals
the background. This is a very useful tool for cleaning up images with rough edges.

Process
Little by little, you are gaining knowledge about the different features and skills in
working with Photoshop application. To learn more, open your personal computer or
laptop installed with Adobe Photoshop and do the following:

Activity 1. Do It Right

1. Launching the Photoshop Application

Click the start button on the Windows taskbar. Point to All Programs on the start menu.
Point to Adobe and then click Adobe Photoshop.
Once you have opened the application (after a few moments of loading time), the Photoshop
interface will appear as shown on the next page.

Fig. 5. Photoshop Interface

2. Opening a Photoshop Document

To open or create a new document in Photoshop, follow these steps:

Click “File” on the menu bar, and then select “New”. You
will see a New dialog box like this.

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 Use the New dialog box to create a new, blank document. Then, select the attributes
for the new file.
Type a name for your new document and select a preset size from a drop down list.
Then set the resolution and background of your new Photoshop document. You
can choose a colored, white, or transparent background.
The resolution which tells how much information is contained in your image, how
clear it is, how big the file is and what it looks like in the format you want to output
it in. Do not get confused.

As a beginner, just use the default resolution of 72. The recommended setting is:

Web Resolution = 72dpi

Print resolution = 150 or 300dpi
Film Resolution = 600dpi

3. Saving a Photoshop Document

To save your file after working on your new Photoshop document, follow the steps
below:

1. Click the file menu.

2. Click Save as.
3. Choose the file format (e.g. in PSD) you wish to save the file .

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Application Bar

Menu Bar

Canvass Palettes
Options Bar

Image
Photoshop Document

Fig. 6. Workspace Switcher

4. Closing a Photoshop Document

After saving your Photoshop document, follow the steps below to close it:

1. Click the file menu.

2. Click the Close button, or simply press Ctrl+w.

Congratulations for doing it right! You are now

leveling up on your photo editing skills. Keep
on learning more.

Other activities are given below for you to accomplish. All you need to do is apply the
learning you derived from the lesson.

Activity 2. Memory Enhancer

Direction: Label the Parts of the Photoshop Window below.

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 Fig. 7. Parts of a Photoshop Window

Activity 3. Show Me the Way

Direction: Demonstrate the following skills:

1. Launch the Adobe Photoshop software.

2. Open a .psd file.
3. Save a .psd file.
4. Close the Adobe Photoshop application properly.

Activity 4. Tell My Name

Provide each learner with a name based on the different parts of the workspace switcher,
Photoshop toolbars, various Photoshop panes, options bar and the key terms and
definitions. Each has to describe the word given to them for their classmates
to identify.

Reflect and Understand

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 You have explored some of the features of Adobe Photoshop. Now, try to surf the
net and look for other photo editing software. Then, compare and contrast their features
with Photoshop.

Visit the website: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369237,00.asp

Transfer

Open an Adobe Photoshop Interface and explore the different menus. Share with
your classmates whatever you will discover as well as the problems that you will
encounter.

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 Lesson 3

Know

The Photoshop Toolbars

In the previous lesson, you have learned the steps in launching the Adobe
Photoshop application including the steps on opening, creating, saving and closing a
document. Similarly, you have gained knowledge on the elements of the interface,
particularly the distinguishing features of the panes, menu bars and the options bar.

Now it is time to learn how to use some of the tools in the Photoshop toolbar.

In working with any photo editing software such as Adobe Photoshop, you need to
learn the different tools on when and how to use them. For you to become a good photo
editor, using the different tools as shown in the illustration below will help you come up
with an appealing and quality output.

Selection Tools

Alteration Tools

Drawing and Selection

Assisting Tools

Color Boxes and Models

Fig. 8. Toolbars and Shortcuts

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1. Selection Tools

The selection tools are used to facilitate the process of making selections of
shapes, colors and objects inside Photoshop, and positioning them in the working image
area. With tools like the magnetic lasso and magic wand, Photoshop packs a powerful
array of selection gadgets!

In Photoshop, selections that you learned in Lesson 1 are used to work in a

specified area, while not altering any of the area around it. In many regards, a selection
is a lot like a stencil. You are basically enabling yourself to only paint in one area while
the rest of your canvass is left unaffected.

There are variety of tools to help you draw out specific sizes and shapes of selections in
Photoshop.

A. Cropping

One of the benefits of cropping a photo with Adobe Photoshop is the speed with
which you can perform the task. Unlike some of Photoshop's more complex selection
tools, choosing an area to crop in Photoshop is as quick as drawing a square around a
segment of the picture and pressing the Enter key. Cropping works best when you want
to reduce the size or change the shape of a picture.

Read more:
How to Crop a Photo in Adobe Photoshop | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2044098_crop-photoadobe-
photoshop.html#ixzz2DTQ8eBhk

B. Lasso Tools PS Reminder

An
The Lasso Selection Tools allow you to make
selections of irregular shapes. Using the ordinary lasso tool, ote about lasso tool
simply click and drag a freehand selection with your mouse. options: When extracting
With the Polygonal Lasso Tool, click to make various points part of an image from its
which will define a selection and finish your selection by background, the result will
edges
be choppy and rough
clicking the starting point. Lasso tool allows you to draw a
around the unless you
selection by dragging the cursor freehand. The selection will
adjust the feather value in
automatically close itself. the options bar. This fades
the edges you create and
Lasso tools are similar to the marquee tools, except that can smooth the
the lasso tools give you ultimate freedom in terms of the shape region into its new
of your selection. There are different lasso tools. background.

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Magnetic Polygon Lasso tool works a little like a combination of the other two lasso
tools. As you drag, the selection maps to natural borders in the image. This is a useful
tool when dealing with well-defined and high-contrast images.

Polygonal Lasso tool helps you create a selection composed of straight lines that can
be as short as one pixel. The selection grows with each additional click. This tool is
especially useful for cutting out objects in an image to place on new backgrounds.

C. Marquee Selection Tools

The following tools allow you to select regions in your image to alter, copy, move and
apply filters.

Rectangular marquee tool is the default selection setting. You can make a selection of any
rectangular size and shape.

Elliptical marquee tool is available when you click and hold down on the selection tool
region of the tool bar, selects elliptical spaces. To select a round area, hold the shift key
while clicking and dragging.

Single row is a tool that will select a 1pixel region that is as wide as your image. This is very
useful for trimming edges and making straight lines.

Single column is a tool that will select a 1pixel region that is as tall as your image. Similar
to single row tool, this is also very useful for trimming edges and making straight lines.

Move Tool allows you to move an entire layer at a time. When you have selected this
tool, click on a layer in the layer pane, and then click and drag on the image. The current
layer will move all at once. You can even move it outside of the current image size. Do
not worry, though, parts of an image that move outside the borders still exist, they are just
hidden. They will only be cropped out if you flatten the image.

Magic Wand Tool is similar to the magnetic polygon lasso tool except that rather than
dragging to make a selection, you click in a region and a selection appears around similar
colored pixels. You can control how similar pixels must be to be included in the selection
by altering the tolerance value. This tool is useful for selecting monochromatic regions or
pieces of high-contrast images.

Crop Tool works similarly to the Rectangular Marquee tool. The difference is when you
press the [Enter/Return] key it crops your image to the size of the box. Any information
that was on the outside of the box will be gone. However, it is not permanent, you can still
undo.

Slice Tool is used mostly for building websites, or splitting up one image into smaller
ones when saving out. It is a kind of advanced tool, and since you are studying the basics,
you will skip it for the meantime.

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C. Exposure

Exposure in digital photography is best

visualized in a statistical graph called a
"histogram," which plots the amount
of information in the tonal values ranging
from pure black, to middle grey, to pure white.
For most images, perfect exposure is
represented by the typical "bell curve".

The levels tool is a powerful way to

redefine the tonal values of an image. It displays
a histogram of those tonal levels. The levels tool
can be found under the menu-Image/
Adjustments/Levels. Be cautious never use
"Auto Levels"!!! Fig. 9. Level Tools

D. Cloning

Cloning is a great way to remove blemishes and unwanted objects to bring out the
best in your pictures.
Photoshop's clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image. The process
involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create
a new cloned area.

2. Alteration Tools

You will learn more of this as you go on with the module.

Alteration tools are also indispensable tools that you need to be familiar of. Each tool
under it is described below.

A. Healing Brush

This is a really useful but mildly advanced tool. You can use this tool to repair
scratches and blemishes. It works like the brush tool. Choose your cursor size, then
holding the [Alt] key, you can select a nice or clean area of your image. Let go of the [Alt]
key and paint over the bad area. It basically copies the info from the first area to the
second, in the form of the brush tool. Only, at the end, it averages the information, so it
blends.

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B. Brush Tool

This is one of the first tools ever. It is what Photoshop is based on. It paints your
image in whatever color and size you have selected. You can use it to draw lines of
different thickness and colors.

C. Clone Stamp

This is very similar to the Healing Brush Tool. You use it the exact same way,
except this tool does not blend at the end. It is a direct copy of the information from the
first selected area to the second. When you learn to use both of these tools together in
perfect harmony, you will be a Photoshop master.

D. Art History Brush

This tool works just like the Brush Tool. It is used to paint over an image using the
source data from a specified history state or snap shot.

E. Erase Tool

This is the anti-brush tool. It works like an eraser and removes whatever path or
stroke you wish to erase. If you are on a Layer, it erases the information with transparent
color. If you are on the background layer, it erases with whatever secondary color you
have selected. You can use the Erase tool on paths, but not on text.

F. Paint Bucket Tool

This tool is used to fill an image or a selection with any color of your choice.

G. Gradient Tool

You can use this to make a gradiation of colors. Gradiation does not appear to be
a word, but it makes sense anyway. It creates a blending of your foreground color and
background color when you click and drag it like a gradient.

H. Blur Tool

The Blur tool blurs the sharp edges of an image. Click and drag the brush along the
edges. The

I. Dodge Tool

This tool is not as crappy as the car brand. It is actually used to lighten whatever
area you use it on as long as it is not an absolute black. Absolute black cannot be
lightened.

3. Drawing and Selection Tools

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A. Path Selection Tool
.
It is related to the Pen Tool. You use this tool when working with paths.

B. Text Tool or Horizontal Type Tool

You can click a single point, and start typing right away. Otherwise, you can click
and drag to make a bounding box of where your text/type goes. There are many options for
the Type Tool that you can choose from. Just play around, it is fairly straight-forward.

C. Pen Tool

It is used for drawing smooth-edged paths, selected in the Path Selection Tool.
Paths can be used in a few different ways, mostly to create clipping paths, or to create
selections. Click and drag the anchor points to modify the path. This will allow you to bend
and shape the path for accurate selections.

D. Rectangular Tool or Shape Tool

By default it draws a Shape Layer in the form of a rectangle. It fills the rectangle
with whatever foreground color you have selected. It is somewhat complicated but as you
increase your skill level in working with Photoshop, you will learn it perfectly.

4. Assisting Tools

A. Notes Tool

This tool serves as a comment feature usually used for electronic text edits but digital just
like post-it notes. You can use this tool to add small note boxes to your image. These are
useful if you are very forgetful, or if you are sharing your Photoshop file with someone
else. It only works with .psd files.

B. Eyedropper Tool

This tool takes color samples from colors on the page and displays them in the Color
Boxes. It works by changing your foreground color to whatever color you click on. Holding
the [Alt] key will change your background color.

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C. Hand Tool

This tool allows you to move around within the image. It is used for moving your entire
image within a window. Just click and drag. You can get to this tool at any time while using
other tools by pressing and holding the [Spacebar].

D. Zoom Tool

This tool magnifies or reduces the display of any area in your image window. It allows you
to zoom into your image. Hold the [Alt] key to zoom out. Holding the [Shift] key will zoom
all of the windows you have opened at the same time. Double-click on the Zoom Tool in
the palette to go back to 100% view.

5. Color Boxes and Models

These tools consist of the foreground color, background color, quick mask, screen
size, standard and image ready. To reverse the foreground and background colors, click
the Switch Colors icon (the arrow) in the toolbox.

A Note on Selection Modes (in the options bar):

• Normal mode allows you to

drag the cursor to create the
selection size you want.

• Constrained aspect
ratio allows you to choose
a scalable rectangle, say
with a width to height ratio of
1 to 2. The selection will
grow when you drag, but will
remain the same shape. Fig. 10. Selection Mode
Fixed Size/Fixed Aspect Ratio allows you to predetermine the size, in pixels or a ratio,
of the selection you will make. When you click with fixed size selected, a selection
box of the exact size you specified will automatically appear. With fixed aspect ratio,
you can make different-sized selections of the same shape. This is a particularly
helpful tool when cropping images to a certain size or drawing identical boxes.

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 Process

Now that you have learned the components of the Photoshop toolbar, you are
ready to apply your new learning to the different activities below. But before doing so,
practice first on cropping images to revisit the skill you learned in previous lessons.

Steps in cropping an image

1. Open Adobe Photoshop. Select the "File" menu. Select the "Open" option. Click on a
photo file name.
2. Click the "View" menu and select "Fit on Screen" so you can see the entire image.
3. Click the "Crop" tool, which looks like two crossed right angles and is the fifth icon
from the top of the "Tools" column. The cursor changes to the crop icon.
4. Draw a dotted rectangle or square around the part of the photo that you want to keep.
A nine-square grid with blinking dotted lines appears over the image and the to-be-
cropped area turns dark.
5. Press the Enter key on the keyboard to crop the photo. Go to "File" then click "Save"
to save the crop to the original picture, or select "Save As" to create a new picture
from the cropped image.

Activity 1. Have Fun Clicking Around

Directions: You are given three tasks to do. Open your computer and perform the activity.

1. You want to erase an area. Find the Eraser Tool. What other tools are on the fly out
menu?

2. You want to select an area. Find the Magnetic Polygon Lasso Tool. What other tools
are on the fly out menu?

3. You want to draw a shape. Find the Ellipse Tool. What other tools are on the fly out
menu?

Activity 2. You can Do Magic

Directions: Choose pictures of nature from the files saved in your computer. Produce a
photo collage by applying the skills you learned on Adobe Photoshop. Save
your Photoshop document as You Can Do Magic.psd. Print your work for
the classroom photo exhibit.
a. Cropping c. Correcting
b. Resizing d. Sharpening/Softening

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 Reflect and Understand

Did you enjoy doing the previous activities? If yes, you are now on the
right track towards attaining your goals of becoming a good photo editor. You now
possess the skills, knowledge and attitude needed by a successful entrepreneur. Just
keep on improving your skills. Remember, constant and correct practice makes a person
perfect.

However, if you find difficulty in doing the given tasks, you have nothing to worry about
because more activities are provided in the next lessons. Just have that positive mental
attitude. If you believe in yourself, you can do it! Always be guided by the competencies
of a successful entrepreneur.

Transfer

Now that you have gained the confidence and determination to pursue your goals, it is
time for you to apply what you have learned.

In your Personal Computer (PC), open Adobe Photoshop and do a nature drawing with the
following elements. Save your file as PS Toolbar apps.psd.

a. Sky - use a gradient tool

b. Clouds - use a soft brush and use the smudge tool
c. Mountains - use paint brush
d. Grass - use the grass brush
e. Tree - use the paint brush to draw the trunks
f. Leaves - use leaf brush

Congratulations for doing a good job!

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 Lesson 4

Know

The Image Menu

Image Menu option is very important for photo editing in the Adobe Photoshop. It
is used for adjusting and modifying color mode, brightness, deepness etc. The details of
the image menu are discussed below.

1. Mode

The first item on the

Image menu is Mode. This is
what you use to change the
color mode and appearance
on the entire image. You have
some other choices here,
including grayscale and
duotone. Some modes’
availability depends on the
pre-existing color mode.

Fig. 11. The Image and Mode menus

2. Adjustment

You can see that the adjust option

on the Image menu gives you a lot of
different tools for adjusting your image. The
most basic types of adjustments you can
make with Photoshop involve colors and
brightness.

The most simple is

the contrast/brightness adjustment.
When you select contrast/brightness, you are
confronted with a dialog box with a slider Fig. 12. The Brightness/Contrast dialog for both
brightness and contrast. Moving the sliders to the left makes the picture murkier or darker,
and moving the sliders to the right brightens and increases the contrast between the dark

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and light colors in the image. You can play around with both sliders until you get a suitable
mix; the change is previewed in the image. This tool is helpful for brightening pictures that
were taken in low light.

The other adjustments you can make with the options on the adjustments menu
are a little more complex, and the best way to learn about them is just to experiment.
Because Photoshop allows you to preview your adjustments, you can get a good feel for
the adjustments without hurting your image.

3. Image size

Another common basic feature of

Photoshop that lives on the Image menu
is image size. You use this function to
resize an image. When you select image
size from the Image menu, a dialog box
appears with some numbers
corresponding to the current size.

You will notice that there are two

sets of sizes, Pixel Dimensions and
Document Size. Pixel Dimensions refers to
the image's size on screen, and

Fig. 13. The Image Size dialog Document Size refers to the size at which the document will
print. You will observe
that all the numbers change when you change one of them. This default setting preserves
the original height and width ratio of your image when you make changes to its size. If
you want to change only one dimension of the image, uncheck the "constrain proportions"
checkbox at the bottom of the dialog.

Notice that in the Documents size settings, you have the option to change the
resolution (remember, images will always be approximately 72 pixels/inch on screen).
You can use this to change the resolution of your image but, if you do not want the quality
to decrease, you should only go from hi-res to low-res.

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4. Canvas Size

Canvas Size is similar to

Image Size, but changes to an
image's canvas size can provide
more working area for your image.
In case you want to annotate it,
copy more images into it, or
perform any number of other
graphic variations.

5. Crop Fig. 14. Canvas Size dialog

The Crop function in the image menu is fairly straightforward. Make a selection,
go to Image and select crop. Then, everything outside your selection disappears. The
image size reflects the change.

Process

Now that you are familiar with the image menu feature of Adobe Photoshop, your
photo editing skills is gradually increasing. However, doing it once or twice is not enough.
To master its features, open your computer, explore the image menu and learn more
about its functions.

For your next activity, open your output in Lesson 3 with the filename You Can Do
Magic.psd. Then, apply the following features of the image menu:

a. Mode
b. Adjustment
c. Image size
d. Canvass size
e. Crop

Save it with the filename Image Menu Output.psd.

Good luck!

Reflect and Understand

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 In as much that you are done learning the Image Menu feature of the Adobe
Photoshop, learn more about it by watching the video uploaded in the YouTube entitled
Photoshop Tutorial – Image Menu.

Directions: Open the URL given below. Download the video and save it in a CD or in your
flash disk. Watch the video and make a list of the learning you can gain from
it. Share it before the class for discussion.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8DmvSO-QL0

Transfer

You have learned much about image menu through classroom discussions,
demonstration and tutorial video presentations. The next activity will test your familiarity
with the tools and terms discussed. Take note that these are terms worth learning,
remembering and applying. You are now a few steps away for becoming a good photo
editor.

Directions: Choose the image menu being described in the following statements. Write only
the letter of the correct answer.

1. This is where you change the current document’s color mode and bit depth.
2. From here, you can change the colors and overall tonal quality of your image.
3. This option lets you change your image’s resolution and dimensions.
4. Choose this option to change your document’s dimensions without changing its file size or
resolution. Use this command if you need more space in your document but do not want to resize
the elements that are already there. This command saves the area you have selected and deletes
everything else, leaving you with an image that is only as big as the selected area.

a. Crop
b. Mode
c. Image size
d. Adjust
e. Canvas size
f. Layer
g. Tools

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 Lesson 5

Know

Layer Management

The most difficult aspect of working in Photoshop is how to work in a document on

multiple layers. Creating multiple layers lets you easily control how your artwork is
displayed, edited and printed.

Layers Pane

The layers pane is one of the panes that is best to keep visible at all times. If you
do not see it when you open Photoshop, go to window> show layers and it will be restored.

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Layer Blending Mode Opacity

Layer Locking Option Fill

Layer Visibility

Layer Lock

Layer Style Delete Layer

Layer Mask Create a new set New Fill or Adjustment New Layer

Fig. 15. The Layers Pane

Shop Reminder
Adding New Layers
A note on working with jpeg file copied
You can think of the layers as clear from other applications:
pages overlaying each other.
If you have pasted in a jpg image, you
The layers pane provides a good will notice that there is only one layer.

visualization of this concept because the If you open a jpeg image, this layer will be called "background" and will
layers appear in the layers pane as they have a lock icon demonstrating that it are organized in
the document. To is locked. In order to unlock it, double
demonstrate this, add a new layer and type click on the layer name in the layer a little on it.
pane and change the name.

The layer is now unlocked. Depending on how you plan to alter

• Go to Layer> and Select New Layer. this image, it may be a good idea to Type a name for the
layer in the dialog leave this layer alone, and do your box that appears and click enter.
work on other layers.
• It should now appear in the layers pane

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 (but since it is currently empty, there will be no sign of it in the image).
• Select the text tool from the tool bar, click and drag somewhere on the image (making sure
the new layer is still highlighted in blue).

Selecting Layers

1. Select the Type tool and type a title

or Filename. On the top text layer,
click the eye icon.
2. Click on the paintbrush next to it.
3. Click on the name of the layer
below.
4. You see that the paintbrush now
shows on the new active layer.
5. Click on the empty paintbrush
box to lock and unlock layers to
avoid unwanted changes.
6. The squiggle means it is locked.
Fig. 16. The Layer Pane
Arranging Layers

Arranging layers can be done manually. To do it, follow these steps.

1. Click and drag your text layer underneath the original image layer. You will see
that the text no longer appears. That is because it is now located behind the
opaque image layer.
However, there is a quicker
and easier way.

2. Just click on the do

geared page icon at the
bottom of the layers
pane.
3. You can double click on
this layer's
name to change
it.
4. If you want to delete a
layer, you can either
drag it to the trash icon
at the bottom of the
layers pane or select the
layer and click the trash
icon.

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 Fig. 17. Merging Layers
Sometimes you want to combine the contents of two layers onto one layer. To do it, follow
the following steps:

1. Select the layer you want to be on top of the new merged layer, make sure the
other layer you would like to merge is directly beneath it, and select Merge Down
from the Layer menu.
2. The two layers are now one. If you want to merge down an entire file of layers,
select "Flatten image" from the layers menu and then all layers will be squashed
into one.
3. When you merge or flatten layers that contain text layers, you will be asked
whether you would like to rasterize that text (that is, convert it to an image and lose
the ability to edit it). It is a good idea to copy any layer and hide them before you
rasterize and merge.
4. It saves you the work of completely recreating layers if you decide to change text.

Process
You are getting better as you go on studying this module. You have learned about
layering, but, there are still other actions that can be applied on layers. You can also make
use of the following:

A. Duplicate Layer

Open the image in Photoshop, and select the layer that you want to duplicate. Click
and hold the Photoshop layer and drag it to the bottom section of the layers palette on to
the new layer button.
Now you will have two versions of the same layer, you can rename the layers so
you know which is which, or just turn off the visibility of the safe layer as shown by clicking
on the eye symbol box and delete the layer that you do not want.

B. Rasterize and Flatten Layers

If you apply layer style effects to text or shapes and then rasterize the layer, only
the text or shape content is rasterized. The layer effects stay separate and editable.
Usually, this is a good thing, but if you then apply a filter, it only gets applied to the text or
shape and not the effects. To rasterize and flatten the entire layer contents, create a new,
empty layer below the layer with your effects and merge down (Ctrl+E on Windows).

C. Copy and Paste Layer Style

Copying and pasting styles is an easy way to apply the same effects on multiple
layers. From the Layers panel, click on the layer with the style you want to copy, Then,

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go to Layer > Layer Style > Copy Layer Style. Select the destination layer from the panel,
choose Layer > Layer Style > Paste Layer Style. This will replace any existing styles on
the target layer. You can even copy a style from one document and paste it into another.

D. Clear/Remove Layer Style

There are two ways to remove a style from a layer using the Styles panel.

1. The first style in the Styles panel is named “Default Style (None).” Clicking on it will
remove all style effects from the current layer, whether they were presets or not.
2. The second way is by clicking on the Clear Style button at the bottom of the Styles
panel. Both of these methods have the same effect as dragging the layer's Effects
bar to the trashcan icon in the Layers panel.

Now, as you add layers to an image, it is helpful to give them names that reflect their
content. Descriptive names make layers easy to identify in the panel.

Activity. Renaming a Layer or Group

Directions: Below is a hands-on activity that you will perform in renaming a layer or a group.
Follow the given instruction in each task carefully.

• Double-click the layer name or group name in the Layers panel, and enter a new name.
• Press Alt (Windows) and double-click the layer (not its name or thumbnail) in the Layers
panel. Enter a new name in the Name text box and click OK.
• Select a layer or group, and choose Layer Properties or Group Properties from the
Layers menu or the Layers panel menu. Enter a new name in the Name text box and
click OK.

Reflect and Understand

Directions: Read the following selection on layer management. Write your reflection on it.

Understanding Layers

To visualize the layers concept, imagine the following: You have a color photo that
you wish to change. You place the photo on a tabletop to use as a work surface. One of
the changes you want is to darken the main subject's jacket with a black marker. However,
you do not want to darken the photo directly in case you do not like the results or change
your mind later. Therefore, you take a sheet of clear transparency and lay it on top of the
photo. With the marker you draw on the transparency to darken the jacket. Lifting the
transparency away leaves the unchanged photo.

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 In the above scenario, you created two layers. The photo was the first layer, and
the second layer was the transparency to which the changes were applied. In the same
manner you could have layered additional sheets of transparency to isolate various
changes onto unique layers; on the next layer you could have drawn a mustache, on the
one after that glued a bow tie, and so on.

Digital photo editing software uses the same concept of layers as described above,
except that it is done electronically. If you are still not clear on the concept of layers,
please keep reading. You may also conduct an interview with a photo editor on how they
do this.

Transfer
Have you mastered working on layers in Adobe Photoshop? Whether yes or no,
the fact remains that it is somewhat tedious and confusing. The best thing for you to do
is to work on it repetitively. Explore the layer panes until you master layer management
skills.

Activity. Exploring Layers

Direction: Explore the layer panes and perform the tasks given below.

Select one or more layers. Then, explore and

work on them. For some activities, such as painting or
making color and tonal adjustments, you can work on
one layer at a time. A single selected layer is called the
active layer. The name of the active layer appears in
the title bar of the document window.

For other activities, such as moving, aligning,

transforming, or applying styles from the Styles panel,
you can select and work on multiple layers at a time.
You can select layers in the Layers panel or with the
Move tool.

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 PS Reminder
If you don’t see the desired results when using a tool or
applying a command, you may not have the correct layer
selected. Check the Layers panel to make sure that you’re
working on the correct layer.

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 Lesson 6

Know

Working with Text

The tools that Photoshop provides for manipulating text are probably its most
straightforward features.

In the previous lesson, you had encountered this tool under the Photoshop toolbar. This
is the tool you need in working with text in your Photoshop document.

Just select the text/type tool, click and drag, and you are now ready to type
your desired text. Use the options bar to change the style of highlighted text.

Fig. 18. Text styles in the options

bar

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 When you engage the type tool, what you type automatically becomes its own layer
and is given what is typed as a layer name. This is a very helpful feature when dealing
with multiple text layers. Double click the T to easily edit the text.

If you want to merge a text layer with an image layer, the text layer must be
rasterized, or converted to an image first. Once this is done, you can no longer edit the
text. Unless you are using text in an illustration or altering letters, this may not even be
necessary.

The Type Tool

Whenever you want to add any sort of text to a document, use Photoshop’s
Type Tool which is found in the Tools panel along the left side of the screen. It is the
icon that looks like a capital letter T. You can also select the Type Tool by pressing the
letter T on your keyboard:

Fig. 19. Selecting the Type Tool from the Tools

Panel
With the Type Tool selected, your mouse cursor will change into what’s commonly
referred to as an "I-beam". It is enlarged a bit here to make it easier to see.

Fig. 20. The Type Tool’s I-beam Mouse Choosing a Font

As soon as you select the Type Tool, the Options Bar along the top of the screen
updates to show us options related to the Type Tool, including options for choosing a font,
a font style and the font size:

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Fig. 21. From left to right – the font, font style and font size options

To view the complete list of fonts that are available to you, click on the small down-
pointing triangle to the right of the font selection box:

Fig. 22. Clicking the triangle to the right of the font selection box

This opens a list of all the fonts you can choose from. The exact fonts you will see
in your list will depend on which fonts are currently installed on your system.

Changing the Size of the Font Preview

If you are using Photoshop CS2 or higher, Photoshop lists not only the name of
each font but also a handy preview of what the font looks like (using the word “Sample”
to the right of the font’s name):

Fig. 23. List of all fonts installed on your computer

You can change the size of the font preview by going to Photoshop’s Preferences
settings. On a PC, go up to the Edit menu in the Menu Bar along the top of the screen,
choose Preferences, and then choose Type. On a Mac, go to the Photoshop menu,
choose Preferences, then, choose Type. This opens Photoshop’s Preferences dialog box
set to the Type options.

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 Fig. 24. Preview of the font beside the name
The last option in the list is Font Preview Size. By default, it is set to Medium.
You can click on the word “Medium” and choose a different size from the list. Extra Large
size is shown below:

Fig. 25. Font Preview Size Option

Click OK to close out of the Preferences dialog box, and if you go back up to the
Options Bar and bring up the list of fonts again, you see that the font previews now
appears much larger. The larger size makes the previews easier to see but they are also
taking up more space. Stick with the default Medium although it is completely up to you.
You can go back to the Preferences and change the preview size at any time.

Fig. 26. Larger font previews

Choosing a Font Style

Once you have chosen a font, choose the font style by clicking on the triangle to
the right of the Style selection box:

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 Fig. 27. Choosing a font style
Select the style you need (Regular, Bold, Italic, etc.) from the list that appears.
The style choices you’re given will depend on the font you have chosen since some fonts
have more styles available than others.

Fig. 28. Choosing a style for the font from the list

Setting the Font Size

Choose a size for your font by clicking on the triangle to the right of the Size
selection box:

Fig. 29. Setting the font size from preset choices

This will open a list of commonly-used preset sizes that you can choose from,
ranging from 6 pt up to 72 pt.

If none of these sizes suit your needs,

you can manually enter any value you want
into the Size box. Simply click and drag over
the existing size to highlight it, type in the new
size, then press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac) on
your keyboard to accept it. For example,
change the size to 120 pt (do not worry about
adding the "pt" at the end of the number
because Photoshop will automatically add it
when you press Enter / Return):
Fig. 30. Several preset font sizes

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 Fig. 31. Typing directly into the size box if none of the preset sizes will
do.
Choosing the Text Color

The Options Bar is also where you choose a color for your text. A color swatch
appears near the far right of the options. By default, the color is set to black. To change
the color, click on the swatch:

Fig. 32. Click on the color swatch to change the color of the

Photoshop will pop open the

Color Picker where you can choose
a different color for the text. For
now, leave your set to black, so
simply click the Cancel button to
cancel out of the Color Picker. If you
do select a new text color, click OK
when you are done to close out of
the Color Picker:

Fig. 33. Using the color picker

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Adding Type to the Document

There are two different types of type that

you can add to a document in Photoshop. You
can add point type (also known as character
type), and you can add area type (also known as
paragraph type). The difference between them is
that point type is mainly used for adding small
amounts of text to a document (a single letter or
word, a heading, etc.) while area type is used for
adding larger amounts of text inside a pre-
selected area. The one you are looking at here
is point type because it is the more
straightforward of the two and the one you will
use most often.

To add point type, simply click with the Fig. 34. Adding type to the
Type Tool in the spot where you want your text Photoshop document
to begin. A blinking insertion marker will appear
letting you know that Photoshop is ready for you
to start typing. However, as soon as you click, before you even begin typing, Photoshop
will add a special kind of layer known as a Type layer to your document, which you can
see in the Layers panel. It is easy to spot Type layers because they have a capital letter
T in their thumbnail. Any time you add text to a document, it is placed on a Type layer.
Photoshop will initially give the new Type layer a generic name like "Layer 1," but the
name will actually change once you have added your text.

Process

You can add text and shapes of different colors, styles and effects to an image.
Use the Horizontal Type and Vertical Type tools to create and edit text. You can create
single-line text or paragraph text, too. Adding text to your image makes it more attractive
and appealing.

Activity. Blazing Text

Directions: Below are the steps in adding text to an image. Perform the indicated steps
and explore. Save your output with the filename Adding Text.psd.

From the toolbar, select the Horizontal Type tool or the Vertical Type tool. Do one of
the following:

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 1. To create a single line of blazing text, click in the image to set an insertion point for
the type.
2. To create paragraph text, drag a rectangle to create a textbox for the type.
3. The small line through the “I” beam marks the position of the type baseline. For
horizontal type, the baseline marks the line on which the type rests; for vertical
type, the baseline marks the center axis of the type characters.
4. (Optional) Select type options, such as font, style, size and color in the Tool
Options bar.
5. Type the characters you want. If you did not create a textbox, press Enter to create
a new line.
6. The text appears in its own layer. To view the layers in the Expert mode, press
F11.

Commit the text layer by doing one of the following:

1. Click the Commit button.

2. Press the Enter key on the numeric keypad.
3. Click in the image outside the textbox.
4. Select a different tool in the toolbox.

Reflect and Understand

Learning about using the text tool in Adobe Photoshop is an important part of the image
editing process. Watch this video to learn more.

Video: Using the Text Tool in Photoshop | eHow.com

http://www.ehow.com/video_4442157_using-text-tool-photoshop.html#ixzz28mwdnNcJ

Transfer

The Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (DRRMC) encourages us to

help them in their advocacy to prevent the occurrence of disasters. Your school is in full
support to this purposeful endeavor. As a student, you play a vital role in this. How could
you apply your photo editing skills to advocate this endeavor? Yes, do some advocacy
campaigns.

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Activity. Advocacy Campaign

Direction: Perform the activity given below.

1. Create a new file in Photoshop.

2. Choose a photo about a disaster/hazard.
3. Insert a slogan to inform every one of your advocacy campaign.
4. Print it in a legal size bond paper.

The Department of Education (DepEd) likewise campaigns for various programs and
thrusts for your own advantage on Solid Waste Management (SWM) such as War on
Waste (WOW), SIGA (School in a Garden), and the like. Make an advocacy campaign
for this purpose. Follow these steps.
1. Form a group of five. Select your leader.
2. Brainstorm and assign each group to work on a program or thrust of your school
that you want everyone to be aware of and observed.
3. Create a legal sized poster of the program or thrust assigned to you by applying
your honed skills in photo editing.
4. Do group critiquing before printing the final poster.
5. Submit it to your teacher for rating and post it in conspicuous places in your
campus.

Lesson 7

Know

Image Editing

Images do not always come exactly as you wish to use them. You may need to
do some cropping, adjust their colors or luminosity (brightness), change their size
(resolution), or modify their content. You could also try GIMP, PhotoPlus, Paint.NET,
Corel PaintShop Photo Pro, or other image editors for personal computers. In fact, there
are many programs available, and one is sometimes included with the purchase of any
scanner or digital camera.

The directions provided here will apply to Photoshop Elements under Windows.
For other software, you will have to make some minor adjustments, but the basic functions
are the same. You should always think more about what you are trying to accomplish
than which button to press.

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 You will be producing final images in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG) or
Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format as these are best for compressed photos with
many colors and smooth transitions. Photoshop's own format Photoshop Document
(PSD) is the best for working copies to avoid losing quality over multiple saves, but PSD
files are quite large and do not work on the web. JPGs compress very well, but the
compression is "lossy" - some image quality is lost with each save - though at the highest
quality setting, very little is lost. You should not use compression until all of your editing
is done and your final version of the photo is ready. Then compress the final copy that will
go online. It is also a good idea to always work on a copy, so you can go back to your
original backup copy if something goes wrong.

Always use your image editor to adjust image size. Never adjust image size of a
large photo in your web page editor. Though it is possible to do this, it is very inefficient
and tends to result in poor image quality.

Cropping

You have learned how to crop images in the previous lessons. This time, you are
given another opportunity to enhance your learned skills.

1. Create a folder called "photos" or "Photoshop practice" or " project 1" in a place
where you will be sure to find it, possibly in your My Documents, or My Images folder, or
on your Desktop.
2. Download the photo of the church, "ph-church.jpg" into your "photos" folder
(rightclick on the image and save the image, taking care to navigate to the correct folder).

Fig. 35. Photo of the church

3. Open the image in Photoshop or other image editor.

4. Either look for your image from the Photoshop File/Open menu, or drag your image
onto the Photoshop icon, or into the program window.

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5. Crop the image to get rid of the car, the pigeon and the empty sky. Then make the final
image smaller to fit your needs.

6. Once ph-church.jpg has been opened in your image editor, check to make sure that it
is being displayed at 100% of its full size so you know exactly what you are looking at
(Photoshop will sometimes initially display images at smaller resolutions to make them
fit on your screen).

Fig. 36. Showing that the photo is displayed at 100%

7. Look at the title bar of the ph-church.jpg window within Photoshop. It should say
100% or 1:1. If not, you can use the Zoom tool to change the way the image is displayed.
8. Hold the Alt key down and click to reduce the image display size (zooming in and
out).
9. Click on the Marquee tool button to select a rectangular area of the image.

10. When an area of the image is selected, effects (in other words anything you do)
will apply only to that area. To select the area, look at the image and imagine the rectangle
within it that you wish to save as your final image.

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 PS Reminder
Tools like the Zoom tool or the Marquee tool
that we will soon be using, can be found in the
Tools Window that is probably visible on your
11. Point your cursor at one corner of your
screen (if not, you can make it visible using the
imagined rectangle.
Window menu).
12. Click and hold with the marquee tool on When the zoom tool is selected, clicking on the
that corner, then drag the cursor to the opposite image will increase its apparent display size.
corner to select the area that you want. This does not really change the actual or real
size of the image, just its appearance on the
13. When you are satisfied with the selection, screen.
choose the Image/Crop menu item to finish
cropping the photo. Don't confuse zooming with changing the
actual image size.

PS Reminder The key idea here is that unless you are at

100%, what you see is NOT what you get.
For
Sometimes it is useful to zoom in or blow up
serious work in
image an image while working on it, but always make
Photoshop with no loss of
quality during sure you are aware of the zoom setting to
complicated edits, or to save avoid surprises.
layers
photos with multiple or
special
masks or other
Photoshop tools,
you should use Photoshop's
native format (PSD) for your
Fig. 37. Selecting working copies (saving as the cropping menu
14. Save your work, JPG only as the last step). and remember to save it often.

Another
to use option that can help
Resizing an Image avoid loss of quality may be
JPG but at the
1. Choose the highest quality setting for menu item Image/Resize/Image Size to
reduce the size of working copies, then use the image.
more compression for your
final version.
2. Make sure PNG that the constrain proportions box is
checked so the has also become a
proportions of the photo will be respected
(This is the default popular setting).
place image format for the
3. If the current web
of and can be used in resolution of the photo is 72, you can
reduce the width JPG. and height by half (making the image 1/4
its current size or
area) by changing
the resolution to 36.

PS Trivia

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4. Change either the width or the Using pixels instead of percent can allow you to make
height by a percentage or by specifying all of a group of images the same exact height or width,
so they line up nicely on your web page, or so that they
the target size as a number of pixels. present a consistent impression of size as an element
of your web page style.
5. If you are not satisfied with the
results of the change and need to To alter the image size in this way in Photoshop
modify the image size more than once, Elements, you may need to check the resample
use the Edit/Undo menu item to restore image box if it is not already set.
the original image before making the
To preserve image quality, avoid making repeated
new change. You may also use the changes.
History tab (or Undo History) to undo
multiple edits.

6. Save your work and close the phchurch.jpg image, but not the
Photoshop program.

Cutting out pieces

1. Open the ph-diet.jpg image to cut a sign out for use in a new file.
Download and open the photo.

2. Click on the Lasso tool button to

select the outline of something in an
image.

3. Begin with the green sign that says

"cocolmeca para quemar la grasa."

4. Point the lasso tool on one corner of the sign. Hold

down on the left mouse button while you drag along the
sign around the other three corners.
Fig. 38. The ph-diet.jpg

When doing careful work with small parts of images requiring good small muscle coordination,
it is far easier to first zoom in on the part of the image you are working with. The more you zoom in, the
easier it is to lasso just the piece that you want. You might try 400-500% zoom.

5. Point to the first corner again, but this time hold the ALT key down at all times.
Click on the corner and release the mouse clicker (however, keep holding down the ALT
key).

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6. Click the mouse pointer on the next corner, forming a
dotted line between the first point and the next point along the
edge of the sign. Click on the next corner, still holding down
the ALT key. You can continue clicking around the edges
until you get back to your first point.

When you release the ALT key, the sign will be

selected. (You might also want to play with the Magnetic Lasso tool or the Polygon Lasso tool.
Double-clicking ends the selection process for these.)

7. To make a new image containing just the sign, first copy the selected image to the
clipboard: choose the menu item Edit/Copy or press Ctrl-C.

8. Next create a new image window by choosing the File/New menu

item. Select New Image from Clipboard.

9. You might want to straighten the sign using various options in the Image/Rotate
menu.
PS Trivia
10. Try saving your new image as GIF
file (for simple images with few colors, In some programs, you may first need to change the
the GIF format sometimes makes mode from RGB Color (with millions of possible
smaller files than JPG). colors for each pixel) to Indexed Color (with no more
than 256 possible colors for each pixel) using the
Image/Mode menu item.
11. Finally, choose File/Save As
change the file type to GIF, and rename If your image has more than one layer, this will flatten
the file before you save it. Some layers (as will the Layers / Flatten Layers menu),
programs might use a File/Export feature leaving everything in just one layer. Layers can be
very useful (for instance to paste the sign into another
to do the same thing. picture).

Adjusting Exposure In some programs that use layers, you might need to
flatten layers before changing the image mode.
Sometimes an image may be too
light or too dark for your needs. Ideally a The default options for an indexed color image
photo should make use of the entire (adaptive palette, 8 bits/pixel, diffusion dithering)
are fine for now.
range of luminosity or brightness from
black to white.
This is also true in conventional photography.
If an area of a photo is too light or too dark, it means that part of the contrast range is
squeezed into too narrow a band. There are several ways to illustrate this and to modify
the way the image output will appear.

Try to lighten the sidewalk in the ph-door.jpg image on the next page.

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 Fig. 39. The ph-door.jpg image

1. Save a local copy and load it into Photoshop.

2. Choose the menu item Enhance/Adjust Lighting/Levels in Photoshop Elements to work

with the histogram for the image.

A histogram is
a graphical
representation of the
distribution of colors by order
of brightness from black to
white. The dark part of the
image is mostly in the leftmost
peak on the graph.

The input levels are the

values that will be displayed as
black (0 - the black triangle),
white (255 - the white triangle),
and the midpoint between
them (1.00 - the gray
Fig. 40. Options on brightening and darkening imagestriangle).

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 3. To change these values, slide the
triangles by dragging them with the
mouse.

Grab the black triangle and

slide it to the right, lining it up with the
beginning of the leftmost peak,
changing the input level from 0 to 16.

Fig. 41. A histogram

representing the distribution of colors
Notice that this makes the dark section look worse; you actually want to stretch out
the colors in that range instead of compressing them, so move it back to the edge (back
to 0).

4. Next, try moving the white triangle to the

left just a bit to lighten up the highlights (moving
it too far creates a washed out effect).

5. Grab the gray triangle and slide it to the

left until the midpoint input level more evenly
balances the light and dark areas.

6. Save the image with a new name

(phdoor1.jpg).
Fig. 42. Lightened image of figure 39
Using the Magic Wand

You will make your selection using the Magic Wand tool instead.

1. Click on the magic wand and look for the Tolerance option at the top of the window.

2. Set the tolerance to around 32 or 40. Why 32? Because the tolerance adjusts the
sensitivity of the selection. This is something that you may have to experiment with for
each different magic wand selection, depending on the area of the image that you are
selecting.

3. Modify the size of the selection using Alt to subtract an area from the selection or Shift to
add an area to the selection.

4. Use the menu item Enhance/Adjust Lighting/Levels or even Enhance/Auto Levels or Auto
Smart Fix to make adjustments only to the selected area.

5. Save your work under a new name.

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 Many other adjustments found under Image, Filter, and Enhance can be quite useful.

• If your manipulations make an image that begins to appear faded, you can enhance
the Contrast.

• If the colors are washed out, you can enhance the Saturation. If the colors look odd,
the Auto Color Correction function might help.

• Explore the adjustment options and, if you do not like your changes, use Undo.
Cloning

Sometimes there are things in a photo that you wish were not there. The ads in the
picture below attract attention away from the two women who are the real subject.

You can edit a photo in

many ways. Simply erasing the
ads would look odd because it
leaves a solid, unnatural color.
To make it look natural, you will
change the image by cloning
from other parts of the photo
using the Clone or Rubber
Stamp
tool. Cloning in photographs is
not illegal. There are several
steps to using this tool. First
decide what you want to
remove or create and which
part of the image you can copy
over the part you do not want. In this case you will take the white part of the wall as your
point of Fig. 43. Original image for cloning origin to cover the ads.

1. Use the Zoom tool to zoom in on the area where you will be working. If it looks ok up
close, it will look great when you zoom out.
2. Select the Clone or Rubber Stamp tool.
3. Point to a white area that you want to clone, hold the ALT key and click once. This sets
the origin from which you will duplicate.

Look at the clone brushes. Pick one that is not too big nor too little, preferably a
"fuzzy" brush where you wish to avoid sharp lines. Make sure that the Rubber Stamp
Opacity Options are set to 100% so the new image will completely hide the old image.

Now slowly cover the ads with white from the wall. You will have to reset the point of
origin several times as you do this to cover a large enough area. As you move your brush,
the origin point moves as well. Avoid covering over anything that you do not have to. The

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more original material you leave, the better the finished product will look. Think about
shadows - is there really just one white? The farther the point of origin is from the cloning
area, the harder it will be to see repeated patterns. (That is the psychology of perception.)

4. If you make mistakes, use the Edit/Undo menu item to undo them or use your History
window.

You might even get fancy and try to copy the brick wall, but watch out for those lines
and the perspective. To match up lines, you can use the preview feature.

Fig. 44. Cloned image

5. Click the double rectangle icon to check the Show Overlay box to preview the image to
be cloned.

You might also try the Clipped feature to see the preview only in the brush area or the
Auto Hide feature for a cleaner view while you are cloning.

Fig. 45. Show overlay, clipped and auto hide buttons

If you end up with any bad

looking transitions between old and
new material, the smudge tool can
help you smooth over the problem
area.

6. Do not forget to save your work. Fig. 46. The smudge tool

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Putting it all together

Can you use all of

the techniques to fix this image?
Crop it to get rid of the boy in the
red pants on the left, the elbow on the
right, and some of the ground in front.
Put the woman wearing a purple
dress in a new image by herself.
Select, copy, File/New, paste.
Use the rubber stamp to remove
the little boy in the shadows to the right,
the woman in purple dress, and the shadow on the ground in front of the children.

Finally, adjust the exposure as you see fit.

Set Photoshop Print Options and Print

1. Choose File > Print

A. Preview print
B. Set printer and print job options
C. Set paper orientation
D. Position and scale image
E. Specify prepress output options
F. Specify color management and proofing options

Fig. 47. The Print tool box

2. Select the printer, number of copies and paper orientation.

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3. Adjust the position and scale of the image in relation to the selected paper size and
orientation.

4. Set Color Management and Output options, which you access from the pop-up menu in
the upper-right corner.

Do one of the following:

• To print the image, click Print.

• To close the dialog box without saving the options, click Cancel.
• To preserve the options and close the dialog box, then click Done.

Note
Set Printer Options If you get a warning that your image is larger than the printable area
1. In the Print dialog box, click Print of the paper, click Cancel, choose
Settings. File > Print, and select the Scale to Fit

2. Set paper size, source and page Media box. To make changes to your paper size and layout,
click Print orientation as desired. Settings, and attempt to print the file
again.
The available options depend on your printer,
printer drivers and operating system.

PS Reminder

The more you know about Photoshop, the more you improve? However, it is a big
and complex program, so do not try to learn too much too quickly. Play around
with various tools. Use web searches to find tutorials about how other people have
done what you are trying to do. Change colors, remove red-eye, get rid of that
tourist who walked into your photo just as you snapped the picture.
So, just keep on exploring and never stop practicing your skills.

Process
Did you enjoy editing and printing pictures?

Work on each task given below:

• access to a computer with Adobe Photoshop

• open a photo in Photoshop
• do simple photo-editing tasks (cropping, resizing, rotating)

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Get arty

You have decided to enter an artistic photo competition. Choose a photo and get
creative with some of the Photoshop tools and see what you can come up with. The more
creative the better!

Crazy Crosslinks

Set up a Photoshop document 5” x 7” or 7” x 5” with a resolution of 72 dpi, RGB.

Save your image with “your name Integrate 1” into your own work folder. Selections will
be made from multiple images and put into this file. Canvas size can be enlarged or
cropped to meet the needs of the image.

Students will create a hybrid image using a wide variety of selection tools and layer
management skills. Write down the steps of activities completed.

Combine the Images

Bring two photos together in a single file. You can do this in two ways, so be sure to
demonstrate both options:

• Use the selection tools to select an area of one photo, including the person, then cut
and paste it into the other file. Be sure to show both the free-form and the rectangular
selection tools.
• Use the cloning tool to copy an area of one photo, pixel by pixel, into the other.

Create a Scrapbook

• Open Photoshop and create a letter size document with CMYK color.
• Study the layers in the document.
• Place a picture into the document and study the layers again.
• Resize, rotate, warp, and move the picture.
• Place picture from the Filter Pictures Folder onto the scrapbook page.
• Select a layer to make edits to the picture.
• Adjust a layer to make stacking order.
• Add text to the scrapbook page.
• Use the tools on the Option Bar to format the orientation, font, size, alignment, color
and shape.
• Resize, rotate, and move text.
• Save the document in a Scrapbook folder as Page 1.

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 65

 Reflect and Understand

Want to learn more and enhance your photo editing skills like a professional one?
Then download and watch Adobe Photoshop tutorial videos in the Internet.

Watch this video (Photoshop Tutorial Professional Edit)

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9xjYx_Nh9s)

After watching the video, answer the following questions:

1. What is the most common photo editing tool used?

2. What are the concepts being applied during the editing process?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of editing pictures/images?

Play the video again to check your answers.

Activity. Graphic Designer worth Imitating

Direction: Interview or conduct research on professionals who use photo editing software
in their work.

Ask the following questions:

1. How important is photo/image editing in your work?

2. How did you become a good photo editor?
3. What do you think are the Personal Entrepreneurial Characteristics (PECs) you possess?
4. What photo editing applications are you using and why?
5. Is Graphic and Design business worth venturing into?
6. What tips can you give me and other aspiring graphic designers out there so you could
also be successful in this business?

Make a journal about your interview or research.

Transfer

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 66

 Well, after learning the basics of photo editing using Adobe Photoshop, it is now time
for you to showcase your learning.

Show your Photo

Editing skills!!!

Create a banner or tarpaulin about Mother Nature using photo editing tools. Be
creative!

The banner shall have the following technical specifications: 300 DPI, 8X13 inches,
Orientation: Portrait.

Submit in soft and hard copy.

Apply the Principles of Design so that you can have the best banner.
• Balance
• Proportion
• Rhythm
• Emphasis
• Unity

Assessment Criteria

Creativity - 30%
Use of photo editing tools - 50%
Harmony and balance - 10%
Relevance to the theme - 10%
TOTAL 100%

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 67

 Summary

This module enables you to learn the process and delivery involved in photo editing.
Moreover, you were able to learn the basic features of Adobe Photoshop as one of the
most commonly used photo editing application software.

Now that you have learned the basic concepts, skills, techniques and ethical
standards of photo editing, you are now equipped with a wealth of information. Your new
learning will consequently help you become a good photo editor in your community which
you might capitalize on later as a source of income. Moreover, you are now capable of
enhancing your own photos and creating a compilation of posters that support different
government thrusts and advocacies on environmental awareness. In addition, you can
now create a banner or tarpaulin promoting your school’s programs, projects, and
achievements.

You Filipinos love to take pleasure in capturing memories through photographs.

Now, we need not fear that good moments will be ruined or faded through the years. Photo
editing services will surely save the day.

Whether you are photo editing for business, or just for fun, there is a bright future
ahead of you.

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 68

 Glossary

acetate A transparent sheet that you write or print something on.

aperture The small hole at the front of a camera, which can be made larger or smaller to
let more or less light in when you take a photograph.

attributes Characteristics of a person, thing, or group.

career path Understanding what knowledge, skills, personal characteristics and experience
are required for a person to progress.

choppy Rough, coarse, or irregular.

color depth Referred to as bits per pixel (bpp).

entrepreneur A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses taking on

financial risk to do so.

entrepreneurship Starting a new business.

environmental scanning A process of gathering, analyzing and dispensing information for

tactical or strategic purposes.

fish eye Wide angle.

futuristic Advanced, progressive, and forward thinking.

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fuzzy Indistinct; unclear, or distorted

histogram Statistical graphical representation showing the relative numbers of a variable

or part of a range of variables e.g. population of pixels with a certain value. The taller the
column at a certain value the more pixels have that value, the width of the column
representing the range of values being counted. Usually arranged so the left is the shadow
end (low light) and highlight is to the right.

.jpeg A file format which means Joint Photographic Experts Group.

lossy A form of image compression when saving the image that discards data from it.

murky Gloomy or dark.

myriad Indefinite number; innumerable.

photo editing Changing or improving graphic images. It typically refers to bitmapped

images rather than vector graphic drawings. Using an image editor, images can be
modified by an artist using pen, brush, airbrush, and other "painting" tools. Filters can be
applied, which are algorithms that automatically change the appearance to a selected area
of the image.

photo editor An image editing application that is specialized for managing photos from
digital cameras. It is used to crop and touch up photos, as well as organize them into
albums and slide shows. It also refers to somebody who edits photos.

pixels Any of a number of very small picture elements that make up a picture.

.png A file format and shortcut for Portable Network Graphics.

.psd Shortcut for Photoshop document. A .psd file is the file format in which Photoshop saves
documents by default.

raster image A form of graphics in which closely spaced rows of dots form an image on a
computer screen.

resolution The number of pixels that form an image or a photograph.

rectilinear Relating to a straight line or lines.

silhouetting Projecting on a screen.

skewed Turned or placed at an angle.

tactical Actions carefully planned to gain immediate end.

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 70

vector image An image that is composed of individual elements e.g. arc, line, polygon, that
have their own attributes.

References

Adobe Photoshop Elements Techniques

Photoshop Tutorials / Tips & Tricks

http://www.thephotoargus.com/tips/3-signs-of-bad-photo-editing-and-how-to-avoid-
thecommon-pitfalls/

http://EzineArticles.com/163162

http://www.dslrfanclub.com/resources/tips-and-sharing/129-why-photo-editing-
isimportant.html

http://www.sooperarticles.com/art-entertainment-articles/photography articles/importance-
professional-photo-editing-services-884472.html

http://www.axzopress.co

www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8DmvSO-QL0 m/downloads/pdf/1426019181pv.pdf

http://www.mediacollege.com/adobe/photoshop/intro.html

http://lanoie.com/classes/Photoshop/Layers/lectures/lecture.html

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 71

http://web.cortland.edu/flteach/mm-cyourse/photoshop.html

http://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/introductory-photoshop-lessons-and-tips/

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Photo+editing

http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=image+editing&i=44789,00.asp

http://help.adobe.com/en_US/photoshop/cs/using/WSfd1234e1c4b69f30ea53e4100103
1ab64-78d2a.html

http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ncs/10thNCS/papers/invited%20papers/ips-06/ips06-02.pdf

HTTP://TINAAVALON.K12.MO.US/ASSIGN_FINAL_WEBSITE/MULTIMEDIA/PS_L1/PHOTOSHOP_LESSO
N_1.HTML

http://pc.net/glossary/definition/jpeg

http://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/tools.html

http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=PSD&i=62981,00.asp

http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/the-selection-tools/

http://www.ehow.com/how_2044098_crop-photo-adobe-photoshop.html

http://www.bairarteditions.com/pages/tutorials/photoshop/exposure.html

http://www.bairarteditions.com/pages/tutorials/photoshop/exlevels.html

http://video.about.com/graphicssoft/Using-the-clone-tool-in-photos.htm

http://www.technologytutorials.org/photoshop_basics/photoshop_toolbar_explanation_tu
torial.html http://www.insidegraphics.com/photoshop/photoshop_selection_tips.asp

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?start=111&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&noj=1&tbm=is
ch&tbnid=rizPrcZ4XAD6M:&imgrefurl=http://www.alibony.com/pse/20090519text.htm&d
ocid=w-9KQvg6L4dfEM&imgurl=http://www.alibony.com/pse/images/2009
051909textoptions.jpg&w=600&h=500&ei=aBC2ULzkIKWSiAeevoGQCw&zoom=1&iact
=hc&vpx=955&vpy=72&dur=5953&hovh=205&hovw=246&tx=118&ty=111&sig=102564
490138504599628&page=5&tbnh=111&tbnw=133&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:22,s:100,i:7
0&biw=1366&bih=667

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&noj=1&tbm=isch&tbnid=
4YYOUR7xeZxq_hM:&imgrefurl=http://dandumitrache.com/working-layers-

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 72

photoshoppart-1/&docid=YgNiuebeo-
5EiM&imgurl=http://dandumitrache.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/layer_panel_option
s.jpg&w=600&h=400&ei=NRO2UPHfKauhi
Aesn4Ao&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=1&sig=102564490138504599628&page=1&tbnh=128
&
tbnw=198&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:0,i:132&tx=1173&ty=441&biw=1366&bi
h=615 http://www.kougarmedia.com/resources/PS_FUN.pdf

http://www.technologytutorials.org/photoshop_basics/photoshop_toolbar_explanation_tu

torial.html http://www.photoshoplab.com/photoshop-tool-basics.html

http://www.mediacollege.com/adobe/photoshop/tool/clone.html

https://www.elance.com/q/blog/2010/07/image-editing-basics-five-techniques-you-needto-
know.html
http://www.uvsc.edu/disted/tetc/docs/workshops/basic_image_editing_photoshop.pdf
http://www.macworld.com/article/1157702/imagesize.html
http://www.graphics.com/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=954

http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/pselements/ig/documents.--70/Saving-Images.--
7D.htm

http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/technology/tutorials/graphics/photoshop7/index.htm

l http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/options-bar-in-photoshop-elements-

10organizer.html http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-10170333-2.html

http://www.ehow.com/how_5822567_create-new-file-photoshop.html

http://www.psyag.com/photoshop-basic/creating-a-new-document-in-photoshop/

http://www.photoshopbrushes.com/tutorials/duplicating-layers.htm

http://simplephotoshop.com/elementsplus/en_US/rasterize-layer.htm

http://graphicssoft.about.com/cs/photoshop/qt/flatlayereffect.htm

http://lanoie.com/classes/Photoshop/Layers/lectures/lecture7.html

The Importance of Professional Photo Editing Services

http://www.sooperarticles.com/art-entertainment-articles/photography-
articles/importance-professional-photo-editing-services-884472.html#ixzz28fyXbH7l

Video: Using the Text Tool in Photoshop | eHow.com

http://www.ehow.com/video_4442157_using-text-tool-photoshop.html#ixzz28mwdnNcJ

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 73

Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 74
 RUBRIC for BANNER

CRITERIA PERFORMANCE INDICATOR

A. CREATIVITY
(30%)

30 24 18 12
All of the objects Four (4) to five (5) of 50% of the objects were 25% or less of the
Ingenuity/
were used to the objects were used used to form/signify objects were used to
Innovation
form/signify meaning or to form/signify meaning meaning or individuality. form/signify meaning
(30%)
individuality. or individuality. or individuality.
B. USE OF
PHOTO
EDITING
TOOLS
(50%)

50 40 30 20
Utilization of
All tools and Four (4) to five (5) tools Two (2) to three (3) tools Only one (1) tool and
Tools and
features were and features were and features were applied feature was applied
Features (50%) in the development of
applied in the applied in the in the development of
development of development of design design design
design
Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 72

10 8 6 4
All of the objects and Four (4) to five (5) of Two (2) to three (3) of the Only one (1) of the
C. HARMONY choice of color were the objects and choice objects and choice of objects and one (1)
AND based in the of color were based in color were based in the choice of color was
BALANCE elements and the elements and elements and principles based in the
(10%) principles of design. principles of design. of design. elements and
principles of design.

10 8 6 4
D. RELEVANCE The design clearly The design reflected The design reflected No relevance to its
TO THE reflected the some major key points minor key points to its purpose.
PURPOSE concept/purpose. of the theme. purpose.
(10%)

Total : 100%
Information and Communication Technology – PHOTO EDITING Page 73