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Gen-Chem (Nature of Solids)

This document summarizes key concepts related to the nature and phases of solids. It defines crystallization as the process where atoms or molecules form a highly organized crystal structure. It describes different types of crystal structures including metallic, ionic, molecular, and covalent network crystals. It also defines and compares various phase changes that solids can undergo, such as melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation, as well as the corresponding phase transition temperatures and points.

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Jasmine Mary Issa Quezon
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63 views1 page

Gen-Chem (Nature of Solids)

This document summarizes key concepts related to the nature and phases of solids. It defines crystallization as the process where atoms or molecules form a highly organized crystal structure. It describes different types of crystal structures including metallic, ionic, molecular, and covalent network crystals. It also defines and compares various phase changes that solids can undergo, such as melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation, as well as the corresponding phase transition temperatures and points.

Uploaded by

Jasmine Mary Issa Quezon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nature of solids Melting- heating or adding solid state WITHOUT

Crystallization- the energy to a solid structure going through a liquid


process by which a solid to break down. (solid to state.
forms, where the atoms or liquid)
molecules are highly - Melting point- the Phase diagram- a
organized into a structure temperature at convenient way to
known as a crystal. which the solid represent graphical
melts to form the conditions at which stat is
Metallic crystals- liquid. stable
simplest type of structure
since single metallic atoms Freezing- removing heat
are the constituent units. or cooling a liquid, where it
- Cubic packing becomes unable to move.
- Hexagonal close- (liquid to solid)
packing - Freezing point-
the temperature at
Metallic solids- can be which the liquid
thought of as three- freezes into liquid.
dimensional arrays of Triple point- refers to the
metal cations embedded Vaporization/ temperature and pressure
into a matrix of negative evaporation- in which at which all three phases
charges. liquid particles escape the (solid, liquid, and gas)
- Copper surface of the liquid coexist.
- Zinc turning into vapors. (liquid Critical point- refers to
- Aluminum to gas) the critical temperature
- Iron - Boiling point- the and pressure together.
- Silver temperature at (in which, above these,
which the liquid kinetic energies are too
Ionic crystals- have ions boils. high, only gas phase can
as constituent particles. exist.
- Salt crystals Condensation- as where
particles in the vapor are ~ crystal lattice: highly
Molecular crystals- are cooled. (gas to liquid) ordered unit cells that form
those which have a repeated pattern
molecules as constituent Sublimation- where a ~endothermic process
particles as well as solid state goes to (absorb energy): melting,
structure units. Weal gaseous state WITHOUT evaporation, and
Waals forces of attraction going to a liquid state. sublimation
hold them together. (solid to gas) ~exothermic process
- They occur bear (release energy): freezing,
Covalent network volcanic vents condensation, and
crystals- are giant deposition.
molecules or Deposition- where a ~heating curve: plot of
macromolecules. gaseous state goes to a temperature versus heat

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