GED0081 – College Physics 1

Uniformly Accelerated
Rectilinear Motion
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology | 3.1
 Objectives

At the end of the lecture, the students must be able to:

• Differentiate distance and displacement.
• Differentiate speed and velocity (average and instantaneous).
• Define kinematics.
• Read and explain position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs.
• Differentiate uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion.
• Solve problems involving the 4 kinematics equations.
 Distance vs.
Displacement
Distance and displacement are two quantities that Example: From rest, Mimiyuhhhh oh yeah walked
may seem to mean the same thing yet have 4 meters to the right, 2 meters south, another 4
meters to the left, and finally 2 meters north.
distinctly different definitions.

• Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how

much ground an object has covered" during its
motion.

• Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to

"how far out of place an object is"; it is the https://twitter.com/mimiyuuuh/status/1149249070260604928

object's overall change in position. WHAT IS THE DISTANCE COVERED BY HER?

WHAT IS HER DISPLACEMENT FROM HER
INITIAL POSITION?
Use the diagram to determine the
resulting displacement and the distance
traveled by the skier during these three
minutes.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement

Consider a football coach pacing back

and forth along the sidelines. In other
words, the coach moves from position A to
B to C to D. What is his displacement and
distance covered?

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
 Speed vs. Velocity

Average speed, average velocity, instantaneous speed, instantaneous velocity

Imagine that a car begins traveling along a road starting at rest in an initial position given by:
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔

After 2 seconds, the car then travelled 6 miles towards east represented by:
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐 = 𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔

4 seconds after reaching 6 miles from its initial position, the car then travelled 4 miles
towards west represented by:
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟔 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔

WHAT IS THE TOTAL DISTANCE OF THE CAR?

WHAT IS THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE CAR?
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE SPEED OF THE CAR?
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE VELOCITY OF THE CAR?
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement
Average speed refers to the magnitude of how fast an object travels throughout its
whole journey. (SCALAR)

Average velocity refers to the vector quantity describing how fast an object travels
throughout its whole journey. (VECTOR)
A man walks 7 km in 2 hours and 2 km in 1 hour in the same direction.
a. What is the man’s average speed for the whole journey?
b. What is the man’s average velocity for the whole journey?

A man walks 7 km East in 2 hours and then 2 km West in 1 hour.

a. What is the man's average speed for the whole journey?
b. What is the man's average velocity for the whole journey?

Jake Peralta drove south 120 km at 60 km/hr and then east 150 km at
50 km/hr.
a. What is his average speed for the whole journey?
b. What is his average velocity for the whole journey?

https://brooklyn99.fandom.com/wiki/Jake_Peralta
(5 points) You start walking from a point on a circular field of radius 0.5 km and 2 hours later,
you noticed that you are standing on the same point you were initially.
a. What is your average speed for the whole journey?
b. What is your average velocity for the whole journey?

(5 points) A car travels 22 km south, 12 km west, and 14 km north in half an hour.

a. What is the average speed of the car?
b. What is the average velocity of the car?
Instantaneous speed – the actual speed of an object has at any moment.
Instantaneous velocity – the actual velocity of an object has at any moment.

Compare the formula for average speed and

instantaneous speed.

TRIVIA – The speedometer of a car gives the

instantaneous speed.
 Kinematics in One
Dimension
Kinematics is a subfield of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points,
bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the
forces that cause them to move.
• Kinematics analyzes the positions and motions of objects as a function of time
without regard to the causes of motion.

• It involves the relationships between the quantities displacement (d), velocity (v),
acceleration (a), and time (t).
Uniform Motion vs. Uniformly
Accelerated Motion
Uniform motion means that the object is moving
with constant velocity.

It means, the position vs. time graph of an object

in uniform motion is perfectly linear.

On the other hand, the velocity vs. time graph of https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-uniform-motion-and-uniform-acceleration-motion

an object in uniform motion is constant

(horizontal line).

WHAT IS THE ACCELERATION OF AN

OBJECT MOVING IN UNIFORM MOTION?
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-uniform-motion-and-uniform-acceleration-motion
Uniformly accelerated motion means that
the object is moving with constant
acceleration.

It means, the position time graph of an

object in UAM is exponential.

On the other hand, the velocity vs. time https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-uniform-motion-and-uniform-acceleration-motion

graph of an object in UAM is perfectly

linear.

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-uniform-motion-and-uniform-acceleration-motion
Four Kinematics
Equations
Hey! We are important. Memorize us!
Always depend on the given when
choosing which equation to use.

MEMORIZE THEM FOR SURVIVAL!

Summer is jogging with an initial velocity of 4 m/s when she accelerates at 2 m/s 2 for 3
seconds. How fast is Summer running now?

Rick’s spaceship accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the
ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the
acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.

A bike accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 7.10 m/s over a distance of 35.4 m.
Determine the acceleration of the bike.

A car was traveling at 12 m/s when the driver stepped on the brakes. If the car comes to a
full stop in 5.0 s, what was its acceleration? What distance did it cover?
• Kinematics analyzes the positions and motions of objects as a function of time
without regard to the causes of motion.

• It involves the relationships between the quantities displacement (d), velocity (v),
acceleration (a), and time (t).
The position vs. time graph tells us the
displacement of a moving object per
time interval.

We can get the average speed and

average velocity from this.

We can also get the instantaneous

velocity of a moving object from this.

TRY THIS https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/266043/position-velocity-acceleration-vs-

time-graphs-when-falling-towards-a-black-h

Prove that the slope of a position

vs. time graph is equal to the
velocity of the moving object.
The motion of a hungry Warwick walking back and
forth horizontally looking for food is given by the
graph, which shows the horizontal position x as a
function of time t.

(a) What was his instantaneous velocity at t = 2?

(b) What was his instantaneous velocity at t = 5?
(c) What was his instantaneous velocity at t = 8?
(d) In which time interval his velocity is negative?
(e) In which time interval Warwick is at rest?
The graph on the right shows the position vs. time graph of
your cute Physics prof walking along the hallways of FIT.

(a) At what time interval his velocity equal to zero?

(b) At what time interval he is moving forward?
(c) At what time interval he is moving backward?
(d) What is his instantaneous velocity at t = 3?
(e) What is his instantaneous velocity at t = 8?
Answer the following questions for the
problem on next slide. Redraw the
position vs. time graph shown and include
complete solution for each item.
 IS THERE A CHANGE OF VELOCITY HERE?

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement

IS THERE A CHANGE OF VELOCITY HERE?

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-Displacement

What’s the difference between PLOT OF THE FIRST SITUATION

the two situations shown above?

ACCELERATION IS
DEFINED AS THE RATE ∆𝒗 𝒗𝒇 − 𝒗𝒐
OF CHANGE OF 𝒂= =
VELOCITY OF AN OBJECT ∆𝒕 𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒐
WITH RESPECT TO TIME. https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/
1DKin/Lesson-1/Distance-and-
Displacement
https://www.ck12.org/c/physics/velocity-vs-time-graphs/lesson/Velocity-Time-Graphs-MS-PS/
https://www.ck12.org/c/physics/velocity-vs-time-graphs/lesson/Velocity-Time-Graphs-MS-PS/

https://www.ck12.org/c/physics/velocity-vs-time-graphs/lesson/Velocity-Time-Graphs-MS-PS/