Example 01
The roof of the hall has a 5″ thick slab with beams having 30 feet. c/c and 28.5 feet clear length.
The beams are 9 feet clear spacing and have been cast monolithically with slab. Overall depth of
beam (including slab thickness) being 24 in. and width of beam web being 14 in. Calculate the steel
reinforcement area for the simply supported beam against a total factored load (including self-
weight of beam) of 3 k/ft. Use fc′ = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
⚫ Solution:
⚫ Span length (lc/c) = 30′ ; clear length (ln) = 28.5′
⚫ Wu = 3 k/ft
⚫ d = 24-2.5 = 21.5″, bw = 14″; hf = 5″
⚫ Effective flange width (bf) is minimum of,
⚫ bw + 16hf = 14 + 16 × 5 = 94″
⚫ bw + sw = 14 + 9 × 12 = 122″
⚫ bw + ln/4 + = 14 + 28.5 × 12/4 = 99.5″
⚫ Therefore, bf = 94″
Check if the beam behavior is T or rectangular.
⚫ Mu = wu (lc/c ) 2/8 = 3 x 302 x12 / 8 = 4050 in-kips
⚫ Trial # 01
⚫ Let a = hf = 5″
As = Mu/Φfy(d – a/2) = 4050/{0.90 × 60 × (21.5 – 5/2)} = 3.94 in2
⚫ Trial # 02
⚫ a = Asfy/(0.85fc′bf) = 3.94 × 60/ (0.85 × 3 × 94) = 0.98″ ˂ hf = 5″ Therefore, design as
rectangular beam.
As = Mu/Φfy(d – a/2) = 4050/{0.90 × 60 × (21.5 – 0.98/2)} = 3.56 in2
⚫ Trial # 03
⚫ a = Asfy/(0.85fc′bf) = 3.56 × 60/ (0.85 × 3 × 94) = 0.89″
As = Mu/Φfy(d – a/2) = 4050/{0.90 × 60 × (21.5 – 0.89/2)} = 3.56 in2
Therefore As = 3.56 in2
Try #8 bars, No of Bars = 3.56 / 0.8 = 4.45, say 5 bars
⚫ Check for maximum and minimum reinforcement allowed by ACI:
⚫ Asmin = 3 ( fc′/ fy) bwd ≥ (200/fy) bwd ; (Greater of these two for fy ≤ 80 ksi)
⚫ 3 ( fc′ /fy) bwd = 3 × ( 3000 /60000) bwd = 0.82 in2
⚫ (200/fy) bwd = (200/60000) x 14 × 21.5 = 1.0 in2
⚫ Therefore, Asmin = 1.0 in2
⚫ Asmax = 0.27 (fc′ / fy) bwd = 0.27 x (3/60) x 14 × 21.5 = 4.06 in2
⚫ Asmin (1.0) < As (4.0) < Asmax (4.06) O.K!
Example 02
Design a simply supported T beam to resist a factored positive moment equal to 6700 in-
kip. The beam is 12″ wide and is having 24″ total depth including a slab thickness of 3
inches. The center to center and clear lengths of the beam are 25.5′ and 24′ respectively.
The clear spacing between the adjacent beams is 3 ft. Take fc′ = 3 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
⚫ Solution:
⚫ Span length (lc/c) = 25.5′ ; clear length (ln) = 24′
d = 21.5″; bw = 12″; hf = 3″
⚫ Effective flange width (bf) is minimum of,
⚫ bw + 16hf = 12 + 16 × 3 = 60″
⚫ bw + sw = 12 + 3 × 12 = 48″
⚫ bw + ln/4 = 12 + 24 × 12/4 = 84″
⚫ Therefore, bf = 48″
Check if the beam behavior is T or rectangular.
Let a = hf = 3″
As = Mu/Φfy(d – a/2) = 6700/{0.90 × 60 × (21.5 – 3/2)} = 6.203 in2 a = Asfy/(0.85fc′bf) = 6.203 ×
60/ (0.85 × 3 × 48) = 3.041″ > hf
Therefore, design as True T-beam.
Calculate Asf
Asf = 0.85fc′ (bf – bw) hf/fy
= 0.85 × 3 × (48 – 12) × 3/60 = 4.59 in2
The nominal moment resistance (ФMn1), provided by Asf is,
ФMn1 = ФAsf fy {d – hf/2} = 0.9 × 4.59 × 60 × {21.5 – 3/2} = 4957.2 in-kip
The nominal moment resistance (ФMn2), provided by remaining steel As is,
ФMn2 = Mu – ФMn1 = 6700 – 4957.2 = 1742.8 in-kip
Let a = 0.2d = 0.2 × 21.5 = 4.3″
As = ФMn2/ {Фfy(d – a/2)} = 1742.8 / {0.9 × 60 × (21.5 – 4.3/2)}= 1.667 in2 a = Asfy/(0.85fc′bw)
= 1.667 × 60 / (0.85 × 3 ×12) = 3.27″
By trial and success method, finally As= 1.62 in2
Ast = Asf + As = 4.59 + 1.62 = 6.21 in2 (Use 9, #8 Bars)
Ast(Provided) = 9 x 0.8 = 7.2 in2
Ductility requirements,
⚫ Asmin ≤ (Ast = As + Asf) ≤ Astmax (True T-Beam)
Asmin = 3 ( fc′/ fy) bwd ≥ (200/fy) bwd
2
⚫ 3 ( fc′/ fy) bwd = 3 × (√(3000)/60000) x 12 x 21.5 = 0.706 in
2
⚫ 200/fy bw d = (200/60000) x 12 x 21.5 = 0.86 in
2
⚫
⚫
A
Astmax
smax(True =0.27(f ′/fy)bd
T- Beam) = Asmaxc(singly)
(singly) + A= 0.27x(3/60)x12x21.5 2= 3.48 in
sf = 3.48 + 4.59 = 8.07 in
⚫ Asmin (0.8) < Ast(provided) (7.2) < Astmax (True T- Beam) (8.07) , O.K.
