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GR 10 - EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

This document provides an overview of key concepts in Euclidean geometry including: - Lines and angles such as adjacent, supplementary, vertically opposite, corresponding, and alternate angles. - Angles around a point sum to 360 degrees. - The four types of triangles: scalene, isosceles, equilateral, and right triangles. - Triangle properties including angle sum, exterior angle, and the Pythagorean theorem. - The four conditions for triangle congruency based on equal sides and angles.

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960 views5 pages

GR 10 - EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

This document provides an overview of key concepts in Euclidean geometry including: - Lines and angles such as adjacent, supplementary, vertically opposite, corresponding, and alternate angles. - Angles around a point sum to 360 degrees. - The four types of triangles: scalene, isosceles, equilateral, and right triangles. - Triangle properties including angle sum, exterior angle, and the Pythagorean theorem. - The four conditions for triangle congruency based on equal sides and angles.

Uploaded by

Paula Fana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 10

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY
LINES AND ANGLES
ADJACENT SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
̂1 + 𝐵
In diagram, 𝐵 ̂2 = 180°

ANGLES ROUND A POINT


Angles round a point
In the diagram , 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 360°

VERTICALLY OPPOSITE ANGLES


Vertically opposite angles are equal
Grade 10

CORRESPONDING ANGLES
IF 𝐴𝐵||𝐶𝐷, THAT THE CORRESPONDING ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

ALTERNATE ANGLES
IF 𝐴𝐵||𝐶𝐷, THEN THE ALTERNATE ANGLES ARE EQUAL.

CO-INTERIOR ANGLES
If ||𝐶𝐷 , then the co-interior angles add up to 180.
i.e. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°
Grade 10

TRIANGLE
There are four kinds of triangles:

SCALENE TRIANGLE
No side are equal in length.

ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
Two sides are equal. Base angles are equal.
Grade 10

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
All three sides are equal
All three interior angles are equal

RIGHT –ANGLED TRIANGLE


One interior angle is 90.

Sum of angles of a triangle


𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180°
Exterior angle of a triangle
𝑐 = 𝑎+𝑏
The Theorem of Pythagoras

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
or
𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
or
𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐴𝐵2

CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES (FOUR CONDITIONS)


CONDITION 1
Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides
of the other triangle.

CONDITION 2
Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle are equal to two sides and the
included angle of the other triangle .
Grade 10

CONDITION 3
Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides
of the other triangle

CONDITION 4
Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal in length to the three sides
of the other triangle

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