KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
KAZIM KARABEKİR EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ
Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education
Some Guidelines for
Developing
Listening Materials
(First Part)
Dersin Adı: İngilizce Öğretiminde Ders İçeriği Geliştirme
(Course Content Development in ELT)
Dersin Hocası: Doç. Dr. Savaş Yeşilyurt
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
CONTENTS
The Nature of Listening Skill
Types of Listening Practice
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
The Nature of Listening Skill
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Listening
Receptive skill
The first language skill developed in L1 acquisition
The most unnoticed of the four skills in EFL contexts
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Traditionally, speaking was emphasized more than listening.
However, with the emergence of Comprehension Approach and
Natural Approach more attention was paid to listening.
These approaches put their emphasis on oral perception rather than
production.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Comprehension Natural Approach
(-based)
Based on communication
Approach Vocabulary
Mental Processes
(cognitivism) A lot of (interesting)
comprehensible input
Comprehension of
Language Input Visual aids
Listening > Reading > Listening and Reading (first)
Writing > Speaking Focus on meaningful
communication (not on form)
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Krashen (1985) stresses the importance of comprehensible
input before language production. This view emphasizes the
role of listening in L2 situations.
Language learning is also «learning to build a MENTAL
MAP OF MEANING», and cognitive maps are built
through listening.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
What makes listening
difficult?
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Process of Listening
Hearing
Selecting
Attending (paying attention)
Understanding
Remembering
Evaluating
Responding
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Types of Listening Practice
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Classifications for listening
One-way Conventional views: the aim of
Listening listening was to transfer
information through one-way
listening (use of monologues).
Contemporary views: favor two-
way listening similar to every day
interactions (focus on dialogues for
Two-way their dynamicity and their
Listening interactive nature)
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Brown (2001) suggests six Rost’s (2011) classification
types of classroom listening (very similar) consists of:
performances:
Intensive Extensive
Reactive Selective listening listening
Intensive Extensive Selective Responsive
listening listening
Responsive Interactive Interactive Autonomous
listening listening
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Intensive listening
Intensive listening focuses on This analysis may happen at the
such elements as phonology, level of sounds, words, and
syntax, and lexis. grammatical, as well as
pragmatic, units.
It is defined as “listening to a Intensive listening is a good
text closely, with the intention vehicle to practice language–
to decode the input for focused learning.
purposes of analysis”. It involves deliberate learning of
pronunciation, vocabulary,
grammar, and discourse.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Intensive listening
Activities for intensive listening can be dictation,
elicited repetition, error spotting, and simultaneous
interpretation.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Selective listening
Selective listening refers to scanning
the audio materials selectively to
«Selective listening is
gather certain information. necessary for more
Selective listening is listening with a extended and more
planned purpose in mind. complex listening activities
in academic contexts»
It refers to attending to only what
you want to hear and turning out
everything else.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Selective listening
One major difference between The following can be asked for
selective listening and intensive fostering selective listening
listening is that the discourse used skills:
in selective listening is • People’s names
relatively lengthier than that • Dates
used in intensive listening.
• Certain facts and events—
location, situation, context,
It is more based on “the discourse etc.
used in speeches, media broadcast, • Main ideas and/or
stories and anecdotes”. conclusion.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Interactive listening
Interactive listening refers to The listener receives the
conversational interactions
between listeners and message and provides the
speakers. speaker with feedback.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Interactive listening
Collaborative tasks, which These tasks promote such skills
require comprehensible output, as regulating turn-taking and
negotiation and meaning seeking feedback through
clarification to arrive at an clarification and confirmation
outcome, can be used for checks.
promoting interactive listening.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Extensive listening
Extensive listening refers to meaning focused listening
activities for an extended period of time.
Learners are expected to reach full comprehension during
extensive listening by listening to lengthy lectures,
conversations, and broadcasts.
It is more appropriate for the learners at intermediate and
advanced levels of language proficiency.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Extensive listening
Some extensive listening activities include:
Watching Movies
Listening to Radio Programs
Watching Vodcasts (video on demand multicasting
technology)
Listening to Podcasts (digital audio files)
Listening to songs
Listening to interviews and lectures
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Responsive listening
Responsive listening is a Some examples include:
classroom listening activity
used to elicit immediate Asking questions
response.
Giving commands
The goal is the listener’s
response. Seeking clarification
Checking comprehension
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Autonomous listening
Autonomous listening refers to independent and
self-directed listening in which the teacher plays
no role.
All types of natural language acquisition are
considered autonomous listening.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Autonomous listening
The basic element of autonomy is the idea of control:
In autonomous listening, learners have the control /
responsibility for the type of learning such as implicit or
explicit, the type of feedback, and the type of monitoring.
All the intensive, selective, or responsive listening types can be
included in autonomous listening.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Reference(s)
Azarnoosh, M., Zeraatpishe, M., Faravani, A., & Kargozari,
H. R. (Eds.). (2016). Issues in materials development.
Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM DİREKTÖRLÜĞÜ
Directorate of Corporate Communication
Thank you for your attention.
