FRUSTUM OF A CONE

Small cone

𝒉𝒉 𝒓𝒓

H 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟

Frustum

R
R
𝟏𝟏 𝝅𝝅
Volume of a cone; V = 𝟑𝟑 𝛑𝛑𝐑𝐑𝟐𝟐 𝐇𝐇 Volume of a frustum: V= 𝟑𝟑 (𝐑𝐑𝟐𝟐 𝐇𝐇 − 𝐫𝐫 𝟐𝟐 𝐡𝐡)

0970 295655/0966 295655/0955 295655

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 i
 THE AUTHOR
DICKSON KACHAMA. C: Is a former pupil of
Kamyanda Core Basic School (2001- 2009) in
Manyinga District of North Western Province
and Mufulira Secondary School (2010 - 2012)
on the Copperbelt Province.
He is a Copperbelt University graduate and
holder of a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics
Education (B.Sc. Ma Ed) and a teacher by
profession. Kachama has written many
pamphlets for mathematics and many revision
booklets. This is his 3rd edition compilation of
this pamphlet.
KACHAMA is a mathematician who believes in working hard, by simplifying learning
materials which include, simplified teaching notes, revision booklets, leaflets and
mathematics pamphlets to enhance pupils' understanding. This is meant to improve the
performance of learners in mathematics countrywide.
“I believe, this pamphlet will be of great help to you even as you prepare for your final
examinations:”

CAUTION: NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED OR

TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY MEANS OF PHOTOCOPYING,
RECORDING OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION
OF THE AUTHOR

All Rights Reserved © KDC 2021 – Copperbelt – Mufulira

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 Page ii

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am most grateful to God Almighty for granting me this life, strength, grace and the
privilege to write the third edition of this mathematics pamphlet.

I will also remain indebted if I would not acknowledge the examination Council of Zambia
(ECZ) for the questions were adapted from the O-level mathematics syllabus 4024 Past
Examination papers. However, I wish to state that, the answers given to the questions at the
end of the questions are my own responsibility and not the ECZ.

. The completion of this Pamphlet was as a result of encouragement and support that I
received from many people and I will remain indebted to God if we do not acknowledge
these people.

My special thanks also go to the following people for their constant encouragement

Mr. Kavombo P: Assistant Clerk at DEBS - Masaiti

Dr Sampa. R.L Lecturer - Copperbelt University

Mr. Mwelwa. K: HOD Mathematics - Twalubuka Combined Sch- Mufulir

Mr. Musondela. H: Teacher of Mathematics -Rusangu Sec School- Choma

Mr. Chansa. J Copperbelt University graduate - Kitwe

Mr. Chisapa. G HOD Mathematics - Nsansa Sec School- Mufulira

Mr. Zulu. E. S ICT teacher- Kamwala South Sec School-Lusaka

Mr. Chimbini. J Teacher of mathematics - Milemu Sec School - Ndola

Mr. Musonda. I Deputy Head- Kalanga Sec School- Mufulira

Mr. Situmbeko K Teacher of mathematics – Manyinga Sec .School N/W

Mr. Simukonda. C HOD Mathematics – Ibenga Girls Sec School-

Lufwanyama

Mr. Mwanza. G Teacher of Mathematics Kafue Boys Sec Sch -Kafue

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 Page iii
 INTRODUCTION

HIGH STANDARDS IN MATHEMATICS – O – level Mathematics pamphlet is written

to prepare learners sitting for O-level mathematics Syllabus (4024). This pamphlet is
intended for revision purpose. It covers all the topics in ordinary mathematics paper 2 and
aims at providing assistance to candidates who are about to sit for the final examinations.
This pamphlet contains the following;

 Past examination questions from 2016−2020 for both internal and G.C.E which are
arranged according to the topics.
 Model answers with working methods are given at the end.

To get the maximum benefit of this pamphlet, learners are strongly recommended to use this
pamphlet alongside basic text books for more information on various topics.

The questions are arranged in a systematic way making it possible for the learners to do
quick revisions per topic.

All the necessary working methods are shown at the end of the questions and this makes it
possible for the learners revise on their own. Learners therefore, are encouraged to work out
the questions on their own before they can check for the answers at the end.

Questions indicated as G12 are taken from school certificate examinations and those
indicated as G.C.E are taken from the general certificate of education examinations.

Note also that, there can be alternative working methods to some of the questions; the authors
has tried by all possible means to use the method which they think will make the majority of
the learners understand and get the concept. “Remember, there are many ways of killing a
rat”

In conclusion, any noticeable errors that maybe found in this pamphlet are the responsibility
of the authors. The authors would appreciate to receive details of such errors that may have
escaped the scrutiny of the authors.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 Page iv

 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

1 ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0

−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑎

2 SERIES
𝑎𝑎(1−𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 )
Sn = 1−𝑟𝑟
,r<1

𝑎𝑎(𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 −1)
Sn = 𝑟𝑟−1
, r>1
𝑎𝑎
S∞ = 1−𝑟𝑟 , |𝑟𝑟| < 1

3 TRIGONOMETRY
Formula for ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

a b c
= =
sinA sinB sinC
𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

1
∆= 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2
4 STATISTICS
Mean and standard deviation
Ungrouped data
∑ 𝑥𝑥 ∑(𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥̅ )2 ∑ 𝑥𝑥 2
Mean = 𝑥𝑥̅ = , 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = �� � = �� − (𝑥𝑥̅ )2 �
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛

Grouped data

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ∑ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥̅ )2 ∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2

Mean = 𝑥𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓𝑓
, 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = �� ∑ 𝑓𝑓
� = �� ∑ 𝑓𝑓
− (𝑥𝑥̅ )2 �

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 Page v

 Table of Contents
THE AUTHOR .......................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... iii
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................iv
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE............................................................................. v
TOPIC PAGE

TOPIC 1: ALGEBRA............................................................................................. 1
TOPIC 2: MATRICES ........................................................................................... 2
TOPIC 3: SETS .................................................................................................... 4
TOPIC 4: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS .................................................................. 7
TOPIC 5: PROBABILITY ...................................................................................... 8
TOPIC 6: SEQUENCES AND SERIES ................................................................ 9
TOPIC 7: PSEUDO CODE & FLOW CHART .................................................... 11
TOPIC 8: LOCI & CONSTRUCTION .................................................................. 16
TOPIC 9: CALCULUS ........................................................................................ 20
TOPIC 10: VECTOR GEOMETRY ..................................................................... 21
TOPIC11: TRIGONOMETRY ............................................................................. 25
TOPIC 12: MENSURATION ............................................................................... 30
TOPIC 13: EARTH GEOMETRY ........................................................................ 34
TOPIC 14: CUBIC FUNCTIONS......................................................................... 38
TOPIC 15: LINEAR PROGRAMING ................................................................... 44
TOPIC 16: STATISTICS ..................................................................................... 49
TOPIC 17: TRANSFORMATION ........................................................................ 54
ANSWERS TO ALL THE TOPIC QUESTIONS ................................................. 62

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 Page vi

 TOPIC 1: ALGEBRA

QUESTION 1:2020 G12

2−18𝑝𝑝 2
(a) Simplify .
3𝑝𝑝+1
4 1
(b) Express 2𝑥𝑥−1 − 3𝑥𝑥+2 as a single fraction in its simplest form.
3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 9𝑥𝑥 3
(c) Simplify 8𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3 ÷ 4𝑦𝑦 4 .

QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E

𝑦𝑦 +1
(a) Simplify 𝑦𝑦 2 −1
.
99𝑚𝑚 3 𝑛𝑛 2 33𝑚𝑚 4 𝑛𝑛
(b) Simplify ÷ 40𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 .
20𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3
2 3
(c) Express 𝑥𝑥−1 − 1−𝑥𝑥 as a single fraction in its simplest form.

QUESTION 3: 2019 G12

6𝑥𝑥 2 −24
(a) Simplify 𝑥𝑥−2
.
5 4
(b) Express 2𝑥𝑥−4 − 3𝑥𝑥+5 as a single fraction in its simplest form.
25𝑝𝑝 4 5𝑝𝑝 2 𝑝𝑝
(c) Simplify ÷ 21𝑞𝑞 4 × 15𝑞𝑞 .
7𝑞𝑞 2
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
10𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
(a) Simplify 35𝑥𝑥 5 𝑦𝑦 4 ÷ 2
7𝑥𝑥 4𝑦𝑦
6 5
(b) Express 𝑛𝑛−3 − 𝑛𝑛 −2 as single fraction in its simplest form.
2𝑥𝑥 2 −18
(c) Simplify 𝑥𝑥−3

QUESTION 5: 2018 G12

𝑏𝑏−𝑎𝑎
(a) Simplify 𝑎𝑎 2 −𝑏𝑏 2
.
12𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 9𝑐𝑐 3 𝑛𝑛
(b) Simplify ÷ 10𝑐𝑐 2 𝑑𝑑 2 .
15𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 3
3 4
(c) Express 𝑥𝑥+1 − 𝑥𝑥−1 as a single fraction in its lowest terms.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 1

 QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
7𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡 3 5𝑢𝑢 3 𝑣𝑣
(a) Simplify × 28𝑠𝑠 3 𝑡𝑡 2
15𝑢𝑢 3 𝑣𝑣 2
3 4
(b) Express 2𝑥𝑥−5 − 𝑥𝑥−3 as a single fraction in its lowest terms.

QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

14𝑥𝑥 3 7𝑥𝑥 4
(a) Simplify ÷ 18𝑦𝑦 3
9𝑦𝑦 2

2𝑥𝑥2 −8
(b) Simplify
𝑥𝑥+2
1 2
(c) Express
𝑥𝑥−4
− 5𝑥𝑥−1 as a single fraction in its lowest terms.

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

𝑚𝑚 2 −1
(a) Simplify 𝑚𝑚 2 −𝑚𝑚
𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 8
(b) Simplify 4
× ÷ 2𝑝𝑝2 𝑞𝑞
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
3 2
(c) Express − as a single fraction in its lowest terms.
5𝑥𝑥−2 𝑥𝑥+3

QUESTION 9: 2016 G12

𝑥𝑥−1
(a) Simplify 𝑥𝑥 2 −1
17𝑘𝑘 2 51𝑘𝑘 2
(b) Simplify 20𝑎𝑎 2
÷ 5𝑎𝑎
2 1
(c) Express − as a single fraction in its lowest terms.
2𝑥𝑥−1 3𝑥𝑥+1

TOPIC 2: MATRICES

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

5 2
Given that A = � �, find the
2 𝑥𝑥
(a) the value of 𝑥𝑥 for which A has no inverse,
(b) the inverse of A, if 𝑥𝑥 = 1.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
7 4𝑝𝑝
Given that A = � �,
9 4𝑝𝑝
(a) find the value of 𝑝𝑝 for which the determinant of A is 12.
(b) hence, find the inverse of A.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 2

 QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
6 𝑥𝑥
Given that A = � �,
2 3
(a) find the value of 𝑥𝑥 for which the determinant of A is 36,
(b) hence find the inverse of A.
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
8 12
The determinant of Q = � � is 8. Find
𝑥𝑥 − 4 𝑥𝑥
(a) the value of 𝑥𝑥,
(b) the inverse of Q.
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
4 −5 8 𝑦𝑦
Given that A= � � and B = � �,
1 2 3 5
(a) find the value of 𝑦𝑦, for which the determinants of A and B are equal,
(b) hence find the inverse of B.
QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
2𝑥𝑥 2
Given that A = � �,
3 𝑥𝑥
(a) find the positive value of 𝑥𝑥 for the determinant of A is 12,
(b) hence or otherwise find A−1 .

QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

3 −2
Given that matrix M = � �
5 𝑥𝑥
(a) find the value of 𝑥𝑥 for which the determinant of M is 22,
(b) hence find the inverse of M.

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

10 −2
Given that K = � �, find
11 −2
(a) the determinant of K,
(b) the inverse of K.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 3

 QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
3 −2
Given that Q = � �, find
𝑥𝑥 4
(a) the value of 𝑥𝑥, given that the determinant of Q is 2,
(b) the inverse of Q.

TOPIC 3: SETS

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

Of the 115 students who attended the end of year part, 74 took Fanta, 93 took sprite, 87
took coke, 61 took coke and sprite, 71 took sprite and coke, 60 took Fanta and coke and
50 took all the three drinks.

(a) Illustrate this information on a Venn diagram.

(b) How many students took
(i) non of the drinks,
(ii) fanta and sprite but not coke,
(iii) at least two different drinks.

QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E

The Venn diagram below shows the number of students in each of the three courses
at a University.

E MATHEMATICS CHEMISTRY

6 5 − 𝑥𝑥 7

𝑥𝑥
7 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥

2
PHYSICS

(a) Given that there were 25 students altogether, find the value of 𝑥𝑥.
(b) How many students studied

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 4

 (i) Mathematics and Chemistry,
(ii) one course only,
(iii) Chemistry and Physics but not Mathematics.

QUESTION 3: 2019 G12

The Venn diagram below shows the number of elements in sets A, B and C.
Find
(a) 𝑥𝑥, such that n(B) = n(B ∪ C)′ , E A B

(b) 𝑦𝑦, such that n(C) = n(A), 𝑥𝑥 − 4 C

n(E), 7 8 5
(c) 2𝑦𝑦
′
(d) n(B ).
10
QUESTION 4:2019 .G.C.E
The Venn diagram below shows optional subjects that all the Grade 10 learners at
Kasambila Secondary School took, in a particular year.
E History Music Geography
(a) Given that 12 learners took Music, find
𝑥𝑥 + 2
the value of 𝑥𝑥. 𝑥𝑥 − 2
𝑥𝑥 − 3 43
59
(b) How many learners were in grade 10
this particular year?
(c) Find the number of learners who took
(i) one optional subject only
(ii) two optional subjects only.
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
At Sambilileni College, 20 students study at least one of the three subjects; Mathematics
(M), Chemistry (C) and Physics (P). All those who study chemistry also study
mathematics. 3 students study all the three subjects. 4 students study mathematics only, 8
students study chemistry and 14 students study mathematics.
(a) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the information
(b) How many students study
(i) Physics only,

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 5

 (ii) two types of subjects only,
(iii) Mathematics and physics but not chemistry.
QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
The diagram below shows how learners at Twatenda School travel to school. The learners
use either buses (B), cars (C) or walk (W) to school.

E B C

2 7
14
𝑥𝑥
4 3

7 W

(a) If 22 learners walk to school, find the value of 𝑥𝑥.

(b) How many learners use
(i) only one mode of transport,
(ii) two different mode of transport.

QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

A survey carried out at Kamulima Farming Block showed that 44 farmers planted maize,
32 planted sweet potatoes, 37 planted cassava, 14 planted both maize and sweet potatoes,
24 planted both sweet potatoes and cassava, 20 planted both maize and cassava, 9 planted
all the three crops and 6 did not plant any of these crops.
(a) Illustrate this information on a Venn diagram.
(b) How many farmers
(i) were at this farming block,
(ii) planted maize only,
(iii) planted two different crops.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 6

 QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
The Venn diagram below shows tourist attractions visited by certain students in a certain
week.
E Victoria Falls Mambilima Falls
(a) Find the value of 𝑦𝑦 if 7 students
visited Mambilima Falls only. 6
2 2𝑦𝑦 + 1
(b) How many students visited
(i) Victoria falls but not Gonya 10
Falls, 4 1
(ii) Two tourist attractions only,
(iii) One tourist attraction only? 8
Gonya Falls
QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
Of the 50 villagers who can tune in to Kambani Radio Station,29 listen to news, 25 listen
to sports, 22 listen to music, 11 listen to both news and sports,9 listen to both sports and
music,12 listen to both news and music,4 listen to all the three programmes and 2 do not
listen to any programme.
(a) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate this information.
(b) How many villagers
(i) listen to music only,
(ii) listen to one type of programme only,
(iii) listen to two types of programs only.

TOPIC 4: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Solve each of the following equations below, giving your answers correct to 2 decimal
places.
1 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 19 = 0 (2020 G12) 7. 2𝑥𝑥 2 = 6𝑥𝑥 + 3 (2017 G12)
2 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 7 = 0 (2020 G.C.E) 8 3𝑧𝑧 2 = 7𝑧𝑧 − 1 (2017 G.C.E)
3 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑝𝑝 = 4 (2019 G12) 9 𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 = 7 (2016 G12)
4 13 − 9𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 = 0 (2019 G.C.E)
5 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 5 = 0 (2018 G12)
6 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 0 (2018 G.C.E)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 7

 TOPIC 5: PROBABILITY

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

A bag contains 7 red and 3 identical balls. Two balls are taken from the bag at random
one after the other without replacement.
(a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.
(b) Find the probability of taking at least one white ball.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
Mutola and Mwambi were to be selected as members of a netball team. The probability
7 9
of selecting Mutola is 8 and that of selecting Mwambi is 10 . Find the probability that

(a) only one of them is selected,

(b) none of them is selected.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
A box contains 4 red pens and 5 green pens. A pen is picked at random from the box and
not replacement and a second pen is picked.
(a) Draw tree diagram to illustrate the outcomes.
(b) What is the probability of picking one red and one green pen?
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
Thirteen cubes of the same size numbered 1 to 13 are placed in a bag. If two cubes are
drawn at random one after another and not replaced, what is the probability that
(a) both cubes are odd numbered,
(b) only one is even numbered.
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
A small bag contains 6 black and 9 red pens of the same type. Two pens are taken at
random one after the other without replacement. Calculate the probability that both pens
(a) One is black,
(b) are of different colour.
QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
A box contains identical buttons of different colours. There are 20 black, 12 red and 4
white buttons in the box. Two buttons are picked at random one after the other and not
replaced in the box.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 8

 (a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.
(b) What is the probability that both buttons are white?
QUESTION 7: 2017 G12
A box of chalk contains 5 white, 4 blue and 3 yellow pieces of chalk. A piece of chalk is
selected at random from the box and not replaced. A second piece of chalk is then
selected.
(a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.
(b) Find the probability of selecting pieces of chalk of the same colour.
QESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
In a box of 10 bulbs, 3 are faulty. If two bulbs are drawn at random one after the other,
find the probability that
(a) Both are good.
(b) One is faulty and the other one is good.
QESTION 9: 2016 G12
A survey was carried out at certain hospital indicated that the probability that patient
tested positive for malaria is 0.6. What is the probability that two patients selected at
random
(a) one tested negative while the other positive,
(b) both patients tested negative.

TOPIC 6: SEQUENCES AND SERIES

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

The first three terms of a geometric progression are; 𝑚𝑚 − 2, 𝑚𝑚 + 1 and 𝑚𝑚 + 7. Find
(a) the value of 𝑚𝑚,
(b) the common ratio,
(c) the sum of the first 6 terms.
QESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
10
The sum of 𝑛𝑛 terms of a geometric progression (GP) is given by 10 − 2𝑛𝑛 . Find

(a) the sum of the first terms of this GP,

(b) the first term,

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 9

 (c) the first four terms.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
Given the geometric progression 4, 8, 16, . . . , find
(a) the geometric mean of 256 and 1024,
(b) the 11th term,
(c) the sum of the first 11 terms.
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
In a geometric progression, the third term is 16 and the fifth term is 4, calculate
(a) the first term and the common ratio,
(b) the tenth term,
(c) the sum to infinity.

QUESTION 5: 2018 G12

The first three terms of a geometric progression are 𝑘𝑘 + 4, 𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2𝑘𝑘 − 15 where 𝑘𝑘 a
positive integer.
(a) Find the value of 𝑘𝑘,
(b) List the first three terms of the geometric progression,
(c) Find the sum to infinity.

QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E

2 2
In a geometric progression, the third term is 9 and the fourth term is 27 . Find

(a) the first term and the common ratio,

(b) the sum of the first 5 terms of the geometric progression,
(c) the sum to infinity.
QUESTION 7: 2018 G12
1
For the geometric progression 20, 5,1 4, . . . , find

(a) the common ratio,

(b) the nth term,
(c) the sum of the first 8 terms.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 10

 QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
The first three terms of a geometric progression are 6 + 𝑛𝑛, 10 + 𝑛𝑛 and 15 + 𝑛𝑛. Find
(a) the value of n,
(b) the common ratio,
(c) the sum of the first 6 terms of this sequence.
QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
The first three terms of a geometric progression are 𝑥𝑥 + 1, 𝑥𝑥 − 3 and 𝑥𝑥 − 1. Find
(a) the value of 𝑥𝑥,
(b) the first term,
(c) the sum to infinity.

TOPIC 7: PSEUDO CODE & FLOW CHART

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

Study the flow chart below
Start

Enter 𝑙𝑙

Is Yes
Error “l must be positive”
𝑙𝑙 < 0?
No
Enter ℎ
No
Is Yes Error “l must be positive”
ℎ<0
No
Volume = 1/3* 𝑙𝑙^2∗ ℎ

Display volume

Stop

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 11

 Write a pseudo code corresponding to the flow chart program above.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
The program below is given in form of a pseudo code.
Start
Enter radius
If radius < 0
Then display “error message” and re-enter positive radius
Else enter slant height
If slant height < 0
Then display “error message” and re-enter positive slant height.
Else Area = 𝜋𝜋 ∗ r ∗ (r + slant height)
End if
Display Area
Stop
Write the corresponding flow chart for the information.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
The diagram below is given in form of a Pseudo code
Begin
Enter length
If length < 0
Then display “error message” and re-enter positive length.
Else enter height
If height < 0
Then display “error message” and re-enter positive height
1
Else Volume = 3 ∗ 𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝑙𝑙 ∗ ℎ

End if
Display Volume
Stop
Write the corresponding flow chart for the information given above.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 12

 QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
The flow chart below shows the steps in calculating the volume of a solid given the base
area (A) and height (h).

Start

Enter A

Is Yes
A < 0? “ Error message” A must be positive

No

Enter ℎ

No

Yes
ℎ < 0? “Error message” ℎ must be positive

V = 𝐴𝐴 ∗ ℎ

Display Volume

Stop

Write a corresponding Pseudo code for the flow chart given above.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 13

 QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
The program below is given in a form of a Pseudo code
Start
Enter 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦
Let M = square root (𝑥𝑥 squared + 𝑦𝑦 squared)
IF M< 0
THEN display error message “M must be positive”
ELSE
END IF
Display M
Stop
Draw the corresponding flow chart for the information given above.

QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E

Study the pseudo code below.
Start
Enter 𝑎𝑎, 𝑟𝑟, 𝑛𝑛
R= 1 − 𝑟𝑟
If R = 0 THEN
Print “the value of r is not valid”
𝑎𝑎(1−𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 )
Else Sn = R

End if
Print Sn
Stop
Construct a flow chart corresponding to the Pseudo code above.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 14

 QUESTION 7: 2017 G12
Study the flow chart below

Start

Enter r

Is Yes
r < 0? Error “r must be positive”

No
1
𝐴𝐴 = 2 ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ sin 𝜃𝜃

Display Area

Stop
Write a pseudo code corresponding to the flow chart program above

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

The diagram below is given in the form of a flow chart

Start

Enter a, r

Is No
|𝒓𝒓| < 1?

Yes

𝒂𝒂
𝐒𝐒∞ = 𝟏𝟏− 𝒓𝒓

Display sum to infinity

Stop

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 15

 Write a pseudo code corresponding to the flow chart program above

QUESTION 9: 2016 G12

The program below is given in the form of a pseudo code.
Start
Enter radius
If radius < 0
The display “error message” and re-enter positive radius
Else enter height
If height < 0
The display “error message” and re-enter positive height
1
Else Volume = 3 ∗ 𝜋𝜋 ∗ square radius ∗ height

End if
Display volume
Stop
Draw the corresponding flowchart for the information given above.

TOPIC 8: LOCI & CONSTRUCTION

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

(a) Construct a quadrilateral PQRS in which PQ = 8cm, angle QPS = angle PRQ
= 120°, PS = 6cm and QR= 5cm.
(b) Measure and write down the length of RS.
(c) Within the quadrilateral PQRS, draw the locus of points which are
(i) 4.5cm from Q,
(ii) equidistant from P and Q,
(iii) equidistant from QR and RS.
(d) A point T, within quadrilateral PQRS, is such that it is less than or equal to 4.5cm
from Q, nearer to Q than P and nearer to RS than QR. Indicate by shading the
region in which T must lie.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 16

 QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
(a) (i) Construct a quadrilateral PQRS in which QR = 6cm, angle PQR = 90°,
angle QRS = 120°, RS = 7cm and PQ = 10cm.
(ii) Measure and write down the size of angle QPS.
(b) On your diagram, draw the locus of points within quadrilateral PQRS which are
(i) 8cm from R,
(ii) Equidistant from R and S,
(iii) Equidistant from PS and RS.
(c) A point X, within quadrilateral PQRS, is such that it is less than or equal to 8cm
from R, nearer to S than R and nearer to PS than RS. Shade the region in which X
must lie.
QUESTION 3:2019 G12
(a) (i) � C = 110° and
Construct triangle ABC in which AB = 8cm, BA
� C =35°
AB
(ii) Measure and write the length of BC.
(b) Within triangle ABC, construct the locus of points which are
(i) 3cm from AB,
(ii) equidistant from AC and BC,
(iii) 4cm from A.
(c) A point Q inside triangle ABC is greater than or equal to 3cm from AB, less than
or equal to 4cm from A and nearer to AC than BC. Indicate clearly, by shading
the region in which Q must lie.
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
(a) (i) Construct triangle JKL in which KL = 8cm, KJ = 6cm and JL = 10cm
(ii) Measure and write down angle JLK.
(b) Within triangle JKL, draw the locus of points which are
(i) 5cm from J,
(ii) 3cm from JL,
(iii) Equidistant from JK and JL.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 17

 (c) A point R, within triangle JKL, is such that it is greater than or equal to 5cm from
J, less than or equal to 3cm from JL and nearer to JK than to JL. Indicate by
shading the region in which Q must lie.
QESTION 5: 2018 G12
(a) (i) Construct triangle XYZ in which XY = 9cm, YZ = 7cm and angle
XYZ = 38°.
(ii) Measure and write the length of XZ
(b) On your diagram within triangle XYZ, construct the locus of points which are
(i) 6cm from Y,
(ii) equidistant from XY and XZ,
(c) Mark clearly with letter P, within triangle XYZ, a point which is 6cm from Y and
equidistance from XY and XZ.
(d) A point Q within triangle XYZ is such that its distance from Y is less than or
equal to 6cm and its nearer to XY than XZ. Indicate clearly by shading the
region in which Q must lie.
QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
(a) (i) � R = 50°
Construct triangle PQR in which PQ = 10cm, QR = 8cm and 𝐏𝐏𝐐𝐐
(ii) Measure and write the length of PR
(b) On your diagram, within triangle PQR, construct the locus of points which are
(i) equidistant from P and Q,
(ii) equidistant from PR and PQ,
(iii) 5cm from R.
(c) A point T within triangle PQR is such that it is 5cm from R and equidistant from
P and Q. Label point T.
(d) Another point X is such that it is less than or equal to 5cm from R, nearer to Q
than P and nearer to PQ than PR. Indicate by shading, the region in which X must
lie.
QUESTION 7: 2017 G12
(a) Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 10cm, and angle ABC = 120°,
angle BAD = 60°, BC = 7cm and AD = 11cm.
(b) Measure and write the length of CD.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 18

 (c) Within the quadrilateral ABCD, draw the locus of points which are
(i) 8cm from A,
(ii) Equidistant from BC and CD,
(d) A point P, within the quadrilateral ABCD, is such that it 8cm from A and
equidistant from BC and CD. Label point P.
(e) Another point Q, within the quadrilateral ABCD, is such that, it is nearer to CD
than BC and greater than or equal to 8cm from A. indicate, by shading, the
region in which Q must lie.
QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
(a) (i) Construct triangle PQR in which PQ is 9cm, angle PQR = 60° and QR =
10cm
(ii) Measure and write the length of PR.
(b) On your diagram, draw the locus of points with triangle PQR which are
(i) 3cm from PQ,
(ii) 7cm from R,
(iii) Equidistant from P and R.
(c) A point M, within triangle PQR, is such that it is nearer to R than P, less than or
equal to 7cm from R and less than or equal to 3cm from PQ. Shade the region in
which M must lie
QUESTION 9: 2016 G.C.E
(a) (i) Construct triangle ABC where AB = BC = CA = 7cm
(ii) Measure and write the size of ∠CAB.
(b) Within triangle ABC construct the locus of points which are
(i) Equidistant from AB and BC
(ii) 4cm from B
(iii) 3cm from AB
(c) A point R, within triangle ABC, is such that it is nearer to BC than AB, less than
3cm from AB and less than 4cm from B. Shade the region in which R must lie.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 19

 TOPIC 9: CALCULUS

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

(a) A curve has gradient 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3. Find the equation of the curve if it passes
through the point (3, −1).
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 1 at the points
(−1, 2).
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
(a) The gradient function of a curve is 3𝑥𝑥 + 2. Find the equation of the curve if it
passes through the point (0, 2).
(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve
𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 4.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
3
(a) Evaluate ∫1 (3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦𝑦 =5𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 +5.

QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E

(a) The gradient function of the a curve is 𝑦𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑥 + 8. Find the equation of the curve
passing through the point (1,2).
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦𝑦 = (2𝑥𝑥 + 3)3 at the point where
𝑥𝑥 = −1.

QUESTION 5: 2018 G12

2
(a) Evaluate ∫−1(2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 at the point where 𝑥𝑥 =4.

QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E

1
(a) Evaluate ∫0 (𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(b) Determine the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 2 that passes
through (3, 7).

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 20

 QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

(a) Find the coordinates of the points on the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 36𝑥𝑥 − 3 where
the gradient is zero.
3
(b) Evaluate ∫−1(3𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

5
(a) Evaluate ∫2 (3𝑥𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.
(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 4 at a point where
𝑥𝑥 = 2.

QUESTION 9: 2016 G12

3
The equation of the curve is𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥𝑥 2 . Find

(a) equation of the normal where 𝑥𝑥 = 2,

(b) the coordinates of the stationary points.

TOPIC 10: VECTOR GEOMETRY

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

In the diagram below, AVC is a straight line, �����⃗
AB = 8p, �����⃗
AC = 4p + 9q, �����⃗
BV = −6p +𝑘𝑘q
and AM = MB.

4p + 9q

V
−6p + 𝑘𝑘q

A B
M
8p
(a) Express in terms of p, q and/or k

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 21

 (i) ������⃗
AM,
(ii) �����⃗
AV.
(b) �����⃗ = hAC
Given that AV �����⃗, by performing an equation involving p, q, h and k or
otherwise, find the numerical values of h and k.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
In the diagram below, Q is the midpoint of OC and OABP is straight line with OA = AB
= BP, �����⃗
OA = 2p and �����⃗
OQ = q.

A
2p

O q C
Q
Express in terms of p and /or q
(a) �����⃗
OB (b) �����⃗
BC (c) �����⃗
AQ (d) ����⃗
CP

QUESTION 3: 2019 G12

�����⃗ = 4OA
In the diagram below, OB �����⃗ and AC
�����⃗ = 5AX
�����⃗. M is the midpoint of BC, �����⃗
OA = a and
������⃗
BM = b.

b
X

O a A B
(a) Express in terms of a and /or b.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 22

 (i) �����⃗
AB (ii) �����⃗
AC (iii) ������⃗
OM
2
(b) Show that �����⃗
OX = 5 (4a +b)

QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E

AC 1
�����⃗ = a, �����⃗
In the diagram below, OA OB =b and CB = 2.

M C

O
a A

(a) Express in terms of a and / or b.

(i) �����⃗
AB �����⃗
(ii) AC (iii) �����⃗
OC
1
(b) Given that M is the midpoint of OC, show that ������⃗
AM = 6 (b −4a).

QUESTION 5: 2018 G12

In the quadrilateral ABCD, �����⃗ �����⃗ = b, �����⃗
AB = 𝑎𝑎 and AD BC = 2𝑏𝑏 and AE: AC = 1: 3.
C

D 2b
E
b

A a B

(a) Find in terms of 𝑎𝑎 and/or 𝑏𝑏

(i) �����⃗
AE �����⃗
(ii) BE �����⃗
(iii) BD
(b) Hence or otherwise show that the points B, D and E are collinear.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 23

 QUESTION 6: 2017 G12
In the diagram below, �����⃑
OP = 2p, �����⃑
OQ = 4q and PX ∶ XQ = 1: 2

P C
X
2p

O Q
4q
(a) Express in terms of p and / or q.
(i) ������⃗
PQ ,
(ii) ����⃗,
PX
(iii) �����⃗
OX
ℎ 4ℎ
(b) �����⃗ = ℎOX
Given that OC �����⃗, show that �����⃗
CQ = 4 �1 − �q − p.
3 3
QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
�����⃑ = 𝑎𝑎 and������⃑
In the diagram below, OABC is a parallelogram in which OA AB = 2𝑏𝑏. OB and
AC intersect at D. E is the midpoint of CD. E is the mid - point of CD.

Express in terms of a and / or b.

(a) �����⃑,
OB
(b) �����⃑,
OE
(c) �����⃑.
CD

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 24

 QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
�����⃗ = 3𝑎𝑎 and 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
In the diagram below, OAB is a triangle in which 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 �����⃗ = 6𝑏𝑏.
OC : CA = 2 : 3 and AD : DB = 1 : 2. OD meets CB at E.
A

D
3a

C E

B
O 6b
(a) Express each of the following in terms of 𝑎𝑎 and / or 𝑏𝑏
(i) �����⃗
AB,
(ii) �����⃗,
OD
(iii) �����⃗.
BC

(b) Given that �����⃗ �����⃗, express �����⃗

BE = hBC BE in terms of ℎ, 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏.

TOPIC11: TRIGONOMETRY

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

(a) Three villages A, B and C are joined by straight roads as shown in the diagram
below.

10.2km
A B

9.4 km
15.5km

C
Given that AB = 10.2km, BC = 15.5km and AC = 9.4km. Calculate
(i) angle BAC to the nearest whole number,

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 25

 (ii) the area of triangle ABC,
(iii) the shortest distance from A to BC.
(b) Solve the equation 2 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0° ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 360°.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
(a) The diagram below shows the positions of a Guava (G) tree, Orange (O) tree and
Lemon (L) tree in on a farm.
G

10.1m
14.2m

40°
L O

Given that LG = 10.1m, OG = 14.2m and angle OLG = 40°, calculate

(i) angle OGL,
(ii) the area of triangle OGL,
(iii) the shortest distance from L to OG.
(b) Solve the equation 5 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 3 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0° ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 180°.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
(a) The diagram below shows a triangle KMN in which KM= 8km, MN= 10km and
� N = 92°.
KM
K N

8km 10km

92°
M
Calculate
(i) KN,
(ii) the area of triangle KMN,
(iii) the shortest distance from M to KN.
(b) Solve the equation 2 tan 𝜃𝜃 = −3 for 0° ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 180°

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 26

 QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
In the diagram below, AC = 275km, angle BAC = 125° and angle ACB = 40°.
B

40° C
125° 275km
A
(a) Calculate
(i) the distance BC,
(ii) the area of triangle ABC,
(iii) the shortest distance from A to BC.
(b) Solve the equation 13 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 5 for 0 ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 360°.
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
(a) In the diagram below, K, N, B and R are places on horizontal surface. KN = 80m,
� N = 52°.
NB = 50m and KR

K 80m N
60°

50m
B

52°
Calculate R
(i) KR
(ii) the area of triangle KNB
(b) Given that the area of triangle KNR is equal to 3 260 m2 , calculate the shortest
distance from R to KN.
(c) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0° ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 360°.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 27

 QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
(a) Three villages A, B and C are connected by straight paths as shown in the
diagram below.
A

15km

9°B 79°
40°
C
Given that AB = 15km, angle ABC = 79° and angle ACB = 40°, calculate the
(i) distance AC,
(ii) area of triangle ABC,
(iii) shortest distance from B to AC.
(b) Solve the equation cos 𝜃𝜃 = 0.937 for 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0° ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 360°.
(c) Sketch the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝜃𝜃 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0° ≤ 𝜃𝜃 ≤ 360°.
QUESTION 7: 2017 G12
(a) The diagram below shows the Location of houses for a village Headman (H), his
Secretary (S) and a Trustee (T). H is 1.3 km from S, T is 1.9 km from H and
� S = 130°
TH
H
130° 1.9km

S
1.3km

T
Calculate
(i) the area of triangle THS,
(ii) the distance TS,
(iii) the shortest distance from H to TS.

2
(b) Find the angle between 0° and 90° which satisfies the equation cos 𝜃𝜃 = 3

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 28

 QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
(a) In Triangle PQR below, QR = 36.5m, angle PQR = 36° and angle QPR = 46°.

P
40°

R
Calculate 36°
36.5km
Q
(i) PQ,
(ii) the area of triangle PQR,
(iii) the shortest distance from R to PQ,

(b) Solve the equation sin θ = 0.6792 for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°.

QUESTION 9: 2016 G12

(a) The diagram below shows the location of three secondary schools, namely
Kamubala (K), Belengani (B) and Pendeni (P) in one district. P is 5km from K, B is
3km from K and angle PKB = 110°.
K
100°
5km
3km

P B

Calculate

(i) BP,
(ii) the area of triangle BKP,
(iii) the shortest distance from K to BP.
(b) Solve the equation tan θ = 0.7 for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 180°.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 29

 TOPIC 12: MENSURATION

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

The figure below is a frustum of a cone. The base radius and top radius are 10cm and
5cm respectively, while the height is 12cm. (Take 𝝅𝝅 as 3.142)

5cm

12cm

10cm
Calculate its volume.

QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E

The figure ABCDEFGH below is a frustum of a pyramid. EFGH and BCD are square of
sides 8cm and 12cm respectively.

F H
D
3cm
8cm
A G C
12cm
B

Given that the height of the frustum is 3cm, calculate its volume.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 30

 QUESTION 3: 2019
The figure below shows a right pyramid with a vertex O and a square base ABCD of side
�O = CP
8cm. CP �D = 90°.

10cm

B
A

P
8cm

D C

Given that OA = OB = OC = OD = 10cm, calculate

(a) the height OP,
(b) the angle between the edge OC and the base PC.
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
The diagram below shows a frustum TQRS of a cone. [Take 𝜋𝜋 as 3.142]

T U 3cm S

10 cm

V R
Q 8cm

Given that US = 3cm, UV = 10cm and RV = 8cm, calculate its volume.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 31

 QUESTION 3: 2018 G12
The diagram below is a frustum of a rectangular pyramid with a base 14cm long and
10cm wide. The top of a frustum is 8cm long and 4cm wide.
8cm
4cm

10cm

14cm

Given that the height of the frustum is 11.4cm, calculate its volume.

QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E

The diagram below shows a bin in the form of a frustum with square base ends of t sides
4cm and 10cm respectively. The height of the bin is 9cm.
10cm

9cm

4cm
Find the volume of the bin.

QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

The figure below is a frustum of a cone. The base diameter and top diameter are 42cm
and 14 cm respectively, while the height is 20cm. (Take 𝝅𝝅 = 3.142)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 32

 14cm

20cm

42cm

Calculate its volume.

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

The figure below is a cone ABC form which BCXY remained after the small cone AXY
was cut of [Take 𝜋𝜋 = 3.142]

Given that EX = 4cm, DB = 12cm and DE = 15cm, calculate

(a) the height AE, of the smaller con AXY,
(b) the volume of XBCY, the shape that remained.
QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
(a) The cross section of a rectangular tank measures 1.2m by 0.9. if it contains fuel to
a depth of 10m, find the number of litres of fuel in the tank. (1m3 = 1000litres)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 33

 (b) A cone has a perpendicular height of 12 cm and slant height of 13 cm, calculate
its total surface area. (Take𝜋𝜋 = 3.142).

TOPIC 13: EARTH GEOMETRY

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

P, Q and R are points on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below..
[Take 𝜋𝜋 as 3.142 and R = 6370km].

80°N
P
21° W
41°E
71° W

60°S
R Q
T
S

(a) Find the difference in longitudes between points Q and R.

(b) Calculate the distance, in nautical miles of
(i) PQ,
(ii) RT.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
The diagram below shows the points P, Q and R on the surface of the earth. [Take 𝜋𝜋 as
3.142 and R = 6370km].
N

Q X°N
P
24°E
55°W

60°S
R

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 34

 (a) Calculate the difference in longitudes between points Q and R.
(b) Given that the distance between P and Q on latitude X° N is 4392.0796km,
calculate X.
(c) Calculate the distance QR along longitude 24°E.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
The points P, Q, R and T are on the surface of the surface of the earth as shown in the
diagram below.[ Take 𝜋𝜋 as 3.142 and R = 3437nm]
N

P Q 65°N

90°W 45°E

T R 55°S

S
(a) Find the difference in longitudes between the points T and R.
(b) Find, in nautical miles, the distance between
(i) P and Q along the latitude 65°N,
(ii) P and T along the longitude 90°W.
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
The points K, L and M are on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below.
[Take 𝜋𝜋 as 3. 142 and R = 6370km].
N

K L 50°N

30°W 60°E

M 45°S

(a) Find the difference in longitudes between points K and L.

(b) Find, in kilometres, the distance
(i) LM,
(ii) KL.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 35

 QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
The points A (15°N, 40°E), B(35°N, 70°E) and C (35°S, 40°E) are on the surface of the
Earth. [Use 𝜋𝜋 =3.142 and R= 6370km]
(a) Calculate the distance AC in kilometers.
(b) An aero plane takes off from point B and flies due west on the same latitude
covering a distance of 900km to point Q.
(i) Calculate the difference in longitudes between B and Q.
(ii) Find the position of Q.
QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
In the diagram below, A and B are points on latitude 60°N while C is a point on latitude
60°S. [𝜋𝜋 = 3.142 and R = 3437nm].

60° N
A B

60° E
60° W

60° S

D C

(a) Calculate the distance BC along the latitude 60°E in nautical miles.
(b) A ship sails from C to D in 12 hours. Find its speed in notes.
QUESTION 7: 2017 G12
W, X, Y and Z are four points on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below.
(Take 𝛑𝛑 =3.142 and R=3437nm).

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 36

 N

80°N
W X

15°W 105°E

30°S
Y Z

(a) Calculate the difference in latitudes between W and Y.

(b) Calculate the distance in nautical miles between
(i) X and Z along the longitudes 105°E.
(ii) Y and Z along the circle of latitude 30°S.

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

P (80°N, 10°E), 𝐐𝐐(80°N, 70°E), 𝐑𝐑(85°S, 70°E)and 𝐒𝐒(85°S, 10°E) are the points on the
surface of the earth.
(a) Show the points on a clearly labeled sketch of the surface of the earth
(b) Find in nautical miles
(i) the distance QR along the longitude,
(ii) the circumference of latitude 85°S.

[Take π = 3.142 and R=3437nm]

QUESTION 9: 2016 G12

The points A, B, C and D are points on the surface of the earth.
(Take 𝜋𝜋 = 3.142 and R = 3437nm)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 37

 N

50°N
A B

75°W 105°E

70°S

D C

S
(a) Find the difference in latitude between points C and B.
(b) Calculate the length of the circle of latitude 50°N in nautical miles.
(c) Find the distance AD in nautical miles.

TOPIC 14: CUBIC FUNCTIONS

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

The values 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦𝑦 =3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 as shown in the
table below.
𝑥𝑥 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2

𝑦𝑦 −9 1 1 −3 −5 1 𝑝𝑝

(a) Calculate the value of 𝑝𝑝.

(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 1 unite on the x-axis and y-axis for −≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
and −10 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 25, draw the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5.
(c) Use your graph to find the solution of the equation
(i) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 = 0 (ii) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 4.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
The variables x and y are connected by the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 3 . Some of the
corresponding values of x and y are given in the table below.
𝑥𝑥 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2

𝑦𝑦 −9 1 1 −3 −5 1 𝑝𝑝

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 38

 (a) Calculate the value of 𝑟𝑟.
(b) Taking 2cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis for −3 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 3 and 2cm to represent
10 units on the y-axis for 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 30, draw the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 3 .
(c) Use your graph to calculate an estimate of the
(i) gradient of the curve at the point where 𝑥𝑥 = 2.
(ii) area bounded by the curve, 𝑥𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥𝑥 = −2.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
The diagram below shows part of the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 and 𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥.

𝒙𝒙

(a) Use the graph to solve the equations

(i) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 = 6,
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 10𝑥𝑥.
(b) Calculate an estimate of

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 39

 (i) the gradient of the curve at the point (2, 11),
(ii) the area bounded by the curve, 𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥𝑥 = 2.
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
The values of 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3. Some
corresponding values of 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are given in the table below.
𝑥𝑥 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

𝑦𝑦 𝑘𝑘 5 7 3 −1 1 5

(a) Calculate the value of 𝑘𝑘.

(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis for −3 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 3 and 2cm to
represent 5units on the y-axis for −10 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 20, draw the graph of
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3.
(c) Use your graph to
(i) Solve the equation 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 = 0.
(ii) area bounded by the curve, 𝑦𝑦 = 3 and 𝑥𝑥 = 2.
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
The values 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are connected by the equation𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 5. Some
corresponding values of 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are given in the table below.
𝑥𝑥 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2

𝑦𝑦 𝑝𝑝 -8.5 0 4 5 4.5 4 5 9

(a) Calculate the value of 𝑝𝑝

(b) Using a scale of 4cm to represent 1 unit on the 𝑥𝑥 −axis for −2 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2 and a
scale of 2cm to represent 5 units on the 𝑦𝑦 −axis for−25 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 10, draw the
graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 5.
(c) Use your graph to solve the equation 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 5 = 𝑥𝑥.
(d) Calculate an estimate of the gradient of the curve at the point where 𝑥𝑥 = 1.5

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 40

 QUESTION 6: 2017 G12
The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥.

(a) Use the graph to solve the equation

(i) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 = 0,
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 + 10.
(b) Calculate an estimate of the
(i) gradient of the curve at the point where 𝑥𝑥 = −3,
(ii) area bounded by the curve, 𝑥𝑥 = −3, 𝑥𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦𝑦 = −10.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 41

 QUESTION 7: 2017 G.C.E
The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3.

(a) Use the graph to find the solutions of the equations

(i) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0,
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 5.
(b) Calculate an estimate of
(i) the gradient of the curve at the point (−3,0),
(ii) the area bounded by the curve, 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑦𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦𝑦 = 20.

I was not born a mathematician, but I am determined to

Be a mathematician (Young Prof)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 42

 QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3.

Use the graph

(a) to calculate an estimate of the gradient of the curve at the point (2,5).
(b) to solve the equations
(i) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0
(ii) 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 5𝑥𝑥
(c) to calculate an estimate of the area bounded by the curve 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑦𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥𝑥 = −2

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 43

 QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
The values of x and y are connected by the equation 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 2). Some
corresponding values of x and y are given in the table below
𝑥𝑥 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

𝑦𝑦 -15 0 3 0 -3 0 𝑘𝑘

(a) Calculate value of 𝑘𝑘.

(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 1 unit on the x – axis for −3 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 3 and 2cm
to represent 5 units on the y- axis for−16 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 16. Draw the graph of
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 2).
(c) Use your graph to solve the equations
(i) 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 0.
(ii) 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥𝑥 + 2.

TOPIC 15: LINEAR PROGRAMING

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

A carpenter intends to manufacture at least 10 tables and at least 20 chairs. Each table
requires 4 hours of assembling and 2 hours of vanishing. Each chair requires 3 hours
of assembling and 1 hour of vanishing. There are 240 hours available for assembling
and 100 hours for vanishing.

(a) Given that 𝑥𝑥 represents the number of tables and 𝑦𝑦 the number of chairs,
write four inequalities which represent these conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 pieces of furniture on each axis, draw 𝑥𝑥
and 𝑦𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 100 respectively and shade the
unwanted region to shows clearly the region where the solution of the
inequalities lie.
(c) Each table sold yields a profit of K300.00 while each chair sold yield a profit of
K250.00. Find the best combination of the number of tables and chairs to
gain the maximum profit.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 44

 (d) Calculate this estimate of the maximum profit.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E

Manda intends to run a business of selling mineral water. He intends to order at least
10 small bottles and at most 60 large bottles of water. He decides to order at most 80
bottles of water altogether and the number of large bottles he orders should be at
least twice that of small bottles.

(a) Given that 𝑥𝑥 is the number of small bottles and 𝑦𝑦 is the number of larger bottles,
write four inequalities which represents these conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 bottles on each axis, draw 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 axes for
0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 100 respectively and shade the
unwanted region to shows clearly the region where the solution of the
inequalities lie.
(c) The profit on each sale of each small bottle of mineral water is K1.50 while on
each large bottle of mineral water profit is K2.50. How many bottles of each type can
be bought to make maximum profit?
(d) Hence, find this maximum profit.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
Kuunika wishes to build a lodge with single and double rooms. He need to decided the
number of each room typed he should build to maximize profit.
Let 𝑥𝑥 represent the number of single rooms and 𝑦𝑦 the number of double rooms.
(a) Write the inequalities which represent each of the following conditions;
(i) There must be at least one single room.
(ii) There must be at least 10 rooms altogether.
(iii) The total number of rooms should not exceed 15.
(iv) The number of double rooms must be at least twice the number of single
rooms.
(v) The number of double rooms should not be more than 12.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 5 units on both axes, draw the x and y axes for
0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 16 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 16 respectively and shade the unwanted region to
show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 45

 (c) The rate for a single room is K600.00 and K900.00 for a double room. How many
rooms of each type should Kuunika build to maximize the income?
QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
Mipando makes two types of chairs for sale, dining and garden. He intends to make at
least 10 dining chairs and at least 20 garden chairs. He wants to make not more than 80
chairs altogether. The number of garden chairs must not be more than three times the
number of dining chairs.
(a) Let 𝑥𝑥be the number of dining chairs and 𝑦𝑦 be the number of garden chairs. Write
four inequalities to represent the information above.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 chairs on each axis, draw the x and y axes
for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 80 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 80 respectively and shade the unwanted region
to show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
(c) Given that the profit on each sale of a dining chair is K80.00 and a profit on each
garden chair is K50.00, how many chairs of each type should Mpando make in
order to maximize the profit?
(d) What is this maximum profit?
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
A hired bus is used to take learners and teachers on a trip. The number of learners and
teachers must be more than 60. There must be at least 35 people on the trip. There must
be at least 6 teachers on the trip. The number of teachers on the trip should not be more
than 14.
Let 𝑥𝑥 be the number of learners and 𝑦𝑦 be the number of teachers.
(a) Write four inequalities which present the information above.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 units on both axes, draw the x and y axes
for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 70 respectively and shade the unwanted region to
indicate clearly where the solution of the inequalities lie.
(c) (i) If the group has 25 learners, what is the minimum number of teachers that
must accompany them?
(ii) If 8 teachers go on the trip, what is the maximum number of learners that
can be accommodated on the bus?

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 46

 (d) If T is the amount in Kwacha paid by the whole group, what is the cost per
learner if T = 30𝑥𝑥 + 50𝑦𝑦.
QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
A tailor at a certain market intends to make dresses and suits for sale.
(a) Let 𝑥𝑥 represent the number of dresses and 𝑦𝑦 the number of suits. Write the
inequalities which represent each of the conditions below.
(i) The number of dresses should not exceed 50
(ii) The number of dresses should not be more than the number of suits.
(iii) The cost of making a dress is K140.00 and that o a suit is K210.00. The total
should be at least K10 500.00
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 units on both axes, draw 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 axes for
0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 80. Shade the unwanted region to indicate clearly the
region where (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) must lie.
(c) (i) The profit on a dress is K160.00 and on a suit is K270.00. Find the number of
dresses and suits the tailor must make for maximum profit.
(ii) Calculate this maximum profit.
QUESTION 7: 2017 G12
Himakwebo orders maize and groundnuts for sale. The order price for a bag of maize is
K75.00 and that of a bag of groundnuts is K150.00. He is ready to spend up to K7 500.00
altogether. He intends to order at least 5 bags of maize and at least 10 bags of groundnuts.
He does not want to order more than 70 bags altogether.
(a) If 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are the number of bags of maize and groundnuts respectively,
Write four inequalities which represent these conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 bags on each axis, draw the x and y axes for
0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 70 respectively and shade the unwanted region to
show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
(c) Given that a profit on the bag of maize is K25.00 and on the bag of groundnuts is
K50.00, how many bags of each type should he order to have the maximum
profit?
(d) What is this estimate of the maximum profit?

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 47

 QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
Makwebo prepares two types of sausages, hungarian and beef, daily for sale. She
prepares at least 40 hungarian and at least 10 beef sausages. She prepares not more than
160 sausages altogether. The number o beef sausages prepared are not more than the
number of Hungarian sausages.
(a) Given that x represents the number of Hungarian sausages and y the number of
beef sausages, write four inequalities which represent these conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to present 20cm sausages on both axes, draw the x and y
axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 160 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 160 respectively and shade the unwanted
region to show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
(c) The profit on the sale of each Hungarian sausage is K3.00 and on each beef
sausage is K2.00. How many of each type of sausages are required to make
maximum profit?
(d) Calculate this maximum profit.
QESTION 9: 2016 G12
A Health Lobby group produced a guide to encourage healthy living among local
community. The group produced the guide in two formats: a short video and a printed
book. The group needs to decide the number of each format to produce for sale to
maximize profit.
Let 𝑥𝑥 represent the number of videos produced and 𝑦𝑦 the number of printed books
produced.
(a) Write the inequalities which represent each of the following conditions
(i) the total number of copies produced should not be more than 800,
(ii) the number of video copies to be at least 100
(iii) the number of printed books to be at least 100.
(b) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 100 copies on both axes, draw the x and y
axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 800 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 800 respectively and shade the
unwanted region to indicate clearly the region where the solution of the
inequalities lie.
(c) The profit on the sale of each video copy is K15.00 while the profit on each
printed book is K8.00. How many of each type were produced to make
maximum profit.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 48

 TOPIC 16: STATISTICS

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

The table below shows the distribution of lengths of plots in a certain locality.

Length of 1≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 5 6 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 11≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 15 16≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 21≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 25 26≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 31≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 15

plot(m)
Frequency 0 2 11 44 31 8 4

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer part of this question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the table below, copy and complete the frequency table below.
Lengths ≤ 5 ≤ 10 ≤ 15 ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 30 ≤ 35
Frequency 0 2 13 100

(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 5 units on the horizontal axis and 2cm to
represents 10 units on the vertical axis; draw a smooth cumulative
frequency curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the inter-quartile
range.
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E

The frequency table below shows the mark distribution for 30 learners in a Mathematics
test.

Marks 10 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 15 < 𝑥𝑥 20 < 𝑥𝑥 25 < 𝑥𝑥 30 < 𝑥𝑥 35 < 𝑥𝑥 40 < 𝑥𝑥 40 < 𝑥𝑥

15 ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 30 ≤ 35 ≤ 40 ≤ 45 ≤ 50
No of 2 3 3 5 6 6 3 2
Pupils

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer the whole of the question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the information above, copy and complete the relative cumulative
frequency table below.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 49

 Marks ≤ 15 ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 30 ≤ 35 ≤ 40 ≤ 45 ≤ 50
Number of
pupils 2 5 8 13 19 25 28 30
Relative
cumulative 0.07 0.17 0.27 0.43 1
frequency

(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 5 marks on the x-axis for 15 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50

and a scale of 2cm to represent 0.1 units on the y-axis for 0.0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 1,
draw a smooth relative cumulative frequency curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the inter-quartile
range.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12

The table below shows the expenditure of the 90 farmers in a particular farming season.
Amount 0 < 𝑥𝑥 100 < 𝑥𝑥 200 < 𝑥𝑥 300 < 𝑥𝑥 400 < 𝑥𝑥 500 < 𝑥𝑥 00 < 𝑥𝑥 700 < 𝑥𝑥
≤ 100 ≤ 200 ≤ 300 ≤ 400 ≤ 500 ≤ 600 ≤ 700 ≤ 800
(K)

No. of 5 16 17 17 14 12 7 2
farmer

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer part of this question on a sheet of graph paper.
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency table.
Amount(K) ≤0 ≤ 100 ≤ 200 ≤ 300 ≤ 400 ≤ 500 ≤ 600 ≤ 700 ≤ 800

Frequency 0 5 21 38 65 69

(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 100 units on the horizontal axis and 2cm
to represent 10 units on the vertical axis, draw a smooth cumulative
frequency.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the inter-quartile
range.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 50

 QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
The table below shows the distribution of the ages of 30 football players at a school.

Age(x) years 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

frequency 0 2 5 7 8 6 2

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer this part of this question on the sheet of graph paper
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the relative cumulative
frequency table below.
Ages (X) years ≤ 10 ≤ 11 ≤ 12 ≤ 13 ≤ 14 ≤ 15 ≤ 16
Cumulative frequency 0 2 7 14 22 28 30
Relative Cumulative 0.0 0.07 0.23 0.23
frequency

(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 units on the x- axis for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 16

and a scale of 2cm to represent 0.1 units on the y – axis for 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 1,
draw a smooth relative cumulative frequency curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the 90th
percentile.
QUESTION 5: 2018 G12
The frequency table below shows the distribution of marks obtained by 90 learners on a
test.
Marks(x) 10 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 20 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 30 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 40 40 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50 50 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 60 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70

frequency 2 10 15 23 30 10

(a) Calculate the standard deviation

(b) Answer this part of this question on the sheet of graph paper
(i) copy and complete the cumulative frequency table
Marks(x) ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 30 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 60 ≤ 70
Cumulative frequency 0 2 12 27 50 80 90
Relative Cumulative frequency 0 0.02 0.13 0.3

(ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 10 units on the x- axis for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70 and
a scale of 2cm to represent 0.1 units on the y – axis for 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 1, draw a
smooth relative cumulative frequency curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the 65th Percentile.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 51

 QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E
A farmer planted 60 fruit trees. In a certain month, the number of fruits per tree was
recorded and the results were as shown in the table below.
Fruits per tree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
frequency 1 5 4 6 10 16 18

(a) Calculate the standard deviation

(b) Answer this part of the question on the sheet of graph paper
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the relative cumulative frequency
table below
Fruits per tree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cumulative frequency 1 6 10 16 26 42 60
Relative cumulative frequency 0.02 0.1 0.17 0.27

(ii) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 8 and a
scale of 2cm to represent 0. 1 unit on the y – axis for 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 1, draw a
smooth relative frequency curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the 70th Percentile.

QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

The table below shows the amount of money spent by 100 learners at school on a
particular day.
Amount in Kwacha 0 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 5 5 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 10 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 15 15 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 20 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 25 2 25 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30

e Frequency 13 27 35 16 7 2

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency table
below.
Amount in ≤0 ≤5 ≤ 10 ≤ 15 ≤ 20 ≤ 25 ≤ 30
Kwacha
Cumulative frequency 0 13 40 100

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 52

 (ii) Using a scale of 2cm to represent 5 units on the horizontal axis and 2cm to
represent 10 units on the vertical axis, draw a smooth cumulative frequency
curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the
semi− interquartile range.
QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E
The frequency table below shows the number of copies of newspapers allocated to 48
newspaper vendors.
Copies of 25 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 30 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 35 35 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 40 40 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 45 45 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50 50 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 55 55 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60
Newspaper
N Number of 6 4 7 11 12 8 1
vendors

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer this part of the question on a sheet of graph paper
(i) Using the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency table
below.
Copies of ≤ 25 ≤ 30 ≤ 35 ≤ 40 ≤ 45 ≤ 50 ≤ 55 ≤ 60
newspaper
Number of 0 5 9 16 27
Vendors

(ii) Using a horizontal scale of 2cm to represent 10 newspapers on the x –axis

for 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 and a vertical scale of 4cm to represent 10 vendors on the y
– axis for 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 50, draw a smooth cumulative frequency curve.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the 50th Percentile.

QUESTION 9: 2016 G12

The ages of people living at Pamodzi Village are recorded in the frequency table below.
Ages 0 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 10 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 20 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 30 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 40 40 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50 50 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60

Number of 7 22 28 23 15 5
People

(a) Calculate the standard deviation.

(b) Answer part of this question on a sheet of a graph paper.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 53

 (i) Using the table above, copy and complete the cumulative frequency table
below.
Age ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 30 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 60
Number of people 7 29 100
(ii) Using the scale of 2cm to represent 10 units on both axes, draw a smooth
cumulative frequency curve where 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 and 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 100.
(iii) Showing your method clearly, use your graph to estimate the
Semi − interquartile range.

TOPIC 17: TRANSFORMATION

QUESTION 1: 2020 G12

Study the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 54

 (a) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A1B1C1 by an enlargement. Find its centre
and scale factor.
(b) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A2B2C2 by a single transformation. Find
(i) the matrix representing this transformation,
(ii) the area scale factor of the transformation.
(c) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A3 B3 C3 1 by a single transformation.
Describe fully this transformation.
1 3
(d) The matrix � � maps triangle ABC onto triangle A4 B4 C4 (not drawn on the
0 1
diagram). Find the coordinates of triangle A4 B4 C4 .
QUESTION 2: 2020 G.C.E
Study the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 55

 (a) Triangle PQR is mapped onto triangle LMN by a single transformation. Describe
fully this transformation.
(b) An enlargement maps trapezium ABCD onto trapezium A1B1C1D1. Find the
centre of the enlargement and the scale factor.
1 0
(c) A transformation with the matrix � � maps triangle PQR onto triangle XYZ
0 −3
not drawn on the diagram. Find the coordinates of X, Y and Z.
(d) Triangle LMN is mapped onto triangle L1M1N1 by a shear. Find
(i) the matrix of shear,
(ii) the shear factor.
QUESTION 3: 2019 G12
The vertices of triangle ABC are A(1, 1), B(1, 3) and C(3, 3). The vertices of
triangle A1 B1 C1 are A1 (−1, 1), B1 (−3,1) and C1 (−3, 3).
(a) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit one each axis, draw the x and y axes
for −6 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 6 and −6 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 6. Draw and label triangles ABC and
A1 B1 C1 .
(b) Describe fully a single fraction transformation that maps triangle ABC onto
triangle A1 B1 C1 .
(c) An enlargement maps triangle ABC onto triangle A2 B2 C2 with vertices
A2 (−2, −2), B2 (−2, −6) and C2 (−6, −6).
(i) Draw and label triangle A2 B2 C2 .
(ii) Find the scale factor.
2 0
(d) The transformation represented by matrix � � maps triangle ABC onto
0 1
triangle ABC onto triangle A3 B3 C3.
(i) Find the coordinates of the vertices of A3, B3 and C3.
(ii) Draw and label triangle A3 B3 C3.
(e) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A4 B4 C4 with vertices
A4 (1, −2), B4 (1, 0) and C4 (3, −6).
(i) Draw and label triangle A4 B4 C4 .
(ii) Find the matrix representing this information.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 56

 QUESTION 4: 2019 G.C.E
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
𝒚𝒚

(a) An enlargement maps triangle ABC onto triangle A1 B1 C1 . Find

(i) the centre of enlargement,
(ii) the scale factor.
(b) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A2 B2 C2 by a single transformation.
Describe fully this transformation.
(c) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A3 B3 C3 by a stretch.
(i) the matrix which represents this transformation,
(ii) find the area scale factor.
1 0
(d) A transformation � � maps triangle ABC onto triangle A4 B4 C4 , not drawn
0 1
on the diagram. Find the coordinates of A4 , B4 and C4 .

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 57

 QUESTION 5: 2018 G12

Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Triangle R is the image of triangle P under a rotation. Find the coordinates of the
centre, angle and the direction of the rotation.
(b) A single transformation maps triangle P onto triangle M. describe fully this
transformation.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 58

 (c) Triangle P maps onto triangle V by a stretch. Find the matrix of this
transformation
(d) If triangle P is mapped onto triangle S by a shear represented by the matrix
1 0
� �, find the coordinates of S.
−2 1

QUESTION 6: 2018 G.C.E

Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit, on both axes, draw x and y axes for
−8 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 12 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 6 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 14.
(a) Draw and label triangle X with vertices (2,4), (4,4) and (4,1).
(b) Triangle X is mapped onto triangle U with vertices (6,12), (12,12) and (12,3) by
a single transformation.
(i) Draw and label triangle U.
(ii) Describe fully this transformation.
(c) A 90° clockwise rotation about the origin maps triangle X onto triangle W. Draw
and label triangle W.
(d) A shear with X –axis as the invariant line and shear factor -2 maps triangle X onto
triangle S. Draw and label triangle S.
(e) Triangle X is mapped onto triangle M with vertices (4,4), (8,4) and (8,1).
(i) Draw and label triangle M
(ii) Find the matrix which represents this transformation

QUESTION 7: 2017 G12

Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw x and y axes for
−6 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 and −10 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 8.
(a) A quadrilateral ABCD has vertices A(−5,7), B(−4,8), C(−3,7) and
D(−4,4) while its imagine has vertices
A1 (−5, −3), B1 (−6, −2), C1 (−5, −1) and D1 (−2, −2).
(i) Draw and label the quadrilateral ABCD and its image A1 B1 C1 D1 .
(ii) Describe fully the transformation which maps the quadrilateral ABCD
onto quadrilateral A1 B1 C1 D1 .

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 59

 −2 0
(b) The matrix � � maps the quadrilateral ABCD on the quadrilateral
0 1
A2 B2 C2 D2 .
(i) Find the coordinates of the vertices of the quadrilateral A2 B2 C2 D2
(ii) Draw and label the quadrilateral A2 B2 C2 D2 .
(c) The quadrilateral ABCD is mapped onto quadrilateral A3 B3 C3 D3 where
A3 is (4, −8), B3 is (2, −10), is C3 (0, −8)and D3 is (2. −2). Describe fully this
transformation.

QUESTION 8: 2017 G.C.E

Using a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw x and y axes for
−6 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 and −6 ≤ 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 12.
(a) A quadrilateral ABCD has vertices A(1,1), B(2,1), C(3,2) and D(2,3) while
its imagine has vertices 𝐴𝐴1 (3,2), 𝐵𝐵1 (6,1), 𝐶𝐶1 (9,2) and 𝐷𝐷1 (6,3).
(i) Draw and label the quadrilateral ABCD and its image A1 B1 C1 D1 .
(ii) Describe fully the transformation which maps the quadrilateral ABCD
onto quadrilateral A1 B1 C1 D1 .
1 0
(b) The matrix � � maps the quadrilateral ABCD on the quadrilateral
3 1
A2 B2 C2 D2 .
(i) Find the coordinates of quadrilateral A2 B2 C2 D2 .
(ii) Draw and label quadrilateral A2 B2 C2 D2 .
(c) Quadrilateral A3 B3 C3 D3 has vertices A3 (−2, −4), B3 (−4, −2), C3 (−6, −4) and
D3 (−4, −6). Describe fully the transformation which maps quadrilateral ABCD
onto A3 B3 C3 D3 .

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 60

 QUESTION 9: 2016 G12
Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow.

(a) An enlargement maps triangle ABC onto triangle A1 B1 C1 . Find

(i) the centre of enlargement
(ii) the scale factor
(b) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A2 B2 C2 by a shear. Find the matrix which
presents this transformation.
(c) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A3 B3 C3 by a single transformation.
Describe this transformation fully.
−3 0
(d) A transformation with matrix � � maps triangle ABC onto triangle A4 B4 C4
0 1
not drawn on the diagram. Find
(i) The scale factor of this transformation
(ii) The coordinates of A4, B4 and C4 .

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 61

 Answers to All the Topic Questions

TOPIC1: ALGEBRA

2−18𝑝𝑝 2 4 1 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 9𝑥𝑥 3

1. (a) (b) − (c) ÷ 4𝑦𝑦 4
3𝑝𝑝+1 2𝑥𝑥−1 3𝑥𝑥+2 8𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3

2�1−9𝑝𝑝 2 � 4(3𝑥𝑥+2)−1(2𝑥𝑥−1) 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 4𝑦𝑦 4

× 9𝑥𝑥 3
1+3𝑝𝑝 (2𝑥𝑥−1)(3𝑥𝑥+2) 8𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3
2(1+3𝑝𝑝)(1−3𝑝𝑝) 12𝑥𝑥+8−2𝑥𝑥+1 3×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥×𝑦𝑦 4×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦
1+3𝑝𝑝 (2𝑥𝑥−1)(3𝑥𝑥+2)
×
8×𝑥𝑥×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦 9×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥

12𝑥𝑥−2𝑥𝑥+8+1 1 𝑦𝑦 2
𝟐𝟐(𝟏𝟏 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑) Ans (2𝑥𝑥−1)(3𝑥𝑥+2)
× 3𝑥𝑥 2
2

𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏+𝟗𝟗 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐
(𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐−𝟏𝟏)(𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑+𝟐𝟐)
Ans 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
Ans

𝑦𝑦+1 99𝑚𝑚 3 𝑛𝑛 2 33𝑚𝑚 4 𝑛𝑛 2 3

2. (a) (b) ÷ (c) −
𝑦𝑦 2 −1 20𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 40𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 𝑥𝑥−1 1−𝑥𝑥

𝑦𝑦+1 99𝑚𝑚 3 𝑛𝑛 2 40𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 2(1−𝑥𝑥)−3(𝑥𝑥−1)

(𝑦𝑦−1)(𝑦𝑦+1) 20𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3
× 33𝑚𝑚 4 𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥−1)(1−𝑥𝑥)
𝟏𝟏 99𝑚𝑚 ×𝑚𝑚 ×𝑚𝑚 ×𝑛𝑛×𝑛𝑛 40×𝑝𝑝×𝑝𝑝×𝑞𝑞×𝑞𝑞×𝑞𝑞 2−2𝑥𝑥−3𝑥𝑥+3
Ans × (𝑥𝑥−1)(1−𝑥𝑥)
𝒚𝒚−𝟏𝟏 20×𝑝𝑝×𝑝𝑝×𝑞𝑞×𝑞𝑞×𝑞𝑞 33×𝑚𝑚×𝑚𝑚 ×𝑚𝑚 ×𝑚𝑚 ×𝑛𝑛
3𝑛𝑛 2 5−5𝑥𝑥
× (𝑥𝑥−1)(1−𝑥𝑥)
1 𝑚𝑚
𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 5(1−𝑥𝑥) 𝟓𝟓
Ans (𝑥𝑥−1)(1−𝑥𝑥)
= Ans
𝒎𝒎 𝒙𝒙−𝟏𝟏

6𝑥𝑥 2 −24 5 4 25𝑝𝑝 4 5𝑃𝑃 6 𝑝𝑝

3. (a) (b) − (c) 7𝑞𝑞 2
÷ 21𝑞𝑞 4 ×
𝑥𝑥−2 2𝑥𝑥−4 3𝑥𝑥+5 15𝑞𝑞

6(𝑥𝑥 2 −4) 5(3𝑥𝑥+5)−4(2𝑥𝑥−4) 25𝑝𝑝 4 21𝑞𝑞 4 𝑝𝑝

× ×
𝑥𝑥−2 (2𝑥𝑥−4)(3𝑥𝑥+5) 7𝑞𝑞 2 5𝑃𝑃 6 15𝑞𝑞
6(𝑥𝑥+2)(𝑥𝑥−2) 15𝑥𝑥+25−8𝑥𝑥+16 25𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 21 𝑞𝑞 𝑞𝑞 𝑞𝑞 𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝
(2𝑥𝑥−4)(3𝑥𝑥+5)
× ×
𝑥𝑥−2 7 𝑞𝑞 𝑞𝑞 5 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 15𝑞𝑞
15𝑥𝑥−8𝑥𝑥+25+16 25 21𝑞𝑞 1
𝟔𝟔(𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐) Ans (2𝑥𝑥−4)(3𝑥𝑥+5)
× ×
7 5𝑝𝑝 5

7𝑥𝑥+41 𝒒𝒒
(2𝑥𝑥−4)(3𝑥𝑥+5)
Ans Ans
𝒑𝒑

10𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 6 5 2𝑥𝑥 2 −18

4. (a) 35𝑥𝑥 5 𝑦𝑦 4
÷ 7𝑥𝑥 4 𝑦𝑦 2 (b) − (c)
𝑛𝑛−3 𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥𝑥+3
10𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 7𝑥𝑥 4 𝑦𝑦 2 6(𝑛𝑛−2)−5(𝑛𝑛−3) 2(𝑥𝑥 2 −9)
35𝑥𝑥 5 𝑦𝑦 4
× 2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 (𝑛𝑛−3)(𝑛𝑛−2) 𝑥𝑥+3

10 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 7 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 6𝑛𝑛−12−5𝑛𝑛+15 2(𝑥𝑥+3)(𝑥𝑥−3)
× (𝑛𝑛−3)(𝑛𝑛−2)
35 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥+3
𝟏𝟏 𝒏𝒏+𝟑𝟑
Ans Ans 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑) Ans
𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 (𝒏𝒏−𝟑𝟑)(𝒏𝒏−𝟐𝟐)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 62

 𝑏𝑏−𝑎𝑎 12𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 9𝑐𝑐 3 𝑛𝑛 3 4
5. (a) (b) ÷ (c) −
𝑎𝑎 2 −𝑏𝑏 2 15𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 3 10𝑐𝑐 2 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥−1
−𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 12𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 10𝑐𝑐 2 𝑑𝑑 2 3(𝑥𝑥−1)−4(𝑥𝑥+1)
(𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎−𝑏𝑏) 15𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 3
× 9𝑐𝑐 3 𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥+1)(𝑥𝑥−1)

−1(𝑎𝑎−𝑏𝑏) 12 ×𝑑𝑑×𝑛𝑛×𝑛𝑛×𝑛𝑛 10×𝑐𝑐×𝑐𝑐×𝑑𝑑×𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥−3−4𝑥𝑥−4

(𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏)(𝑎𝑎−𝑏𝑏)
× (𝑥𝑥+1)(𝑥𝑥−1)
15×𝑐𝑐×𝑑𝑑×𝑑𝑑×𝑑𝑑 9×𝑐𝑐×𝑐𝑐×𝑐𝑐×𝑛𝑛

−𝟏𝟏 𝟖𝟖𝒏𝒏𝟐𝟐 3𝑥𝑥−4𝑥𝑥−3−4

Ans 𝟗𝟗𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐
Ans (𝑥𝑥+1)(𝑥𝑥−1)
𝒂𝒂+𝒃𝒃

−𝒙𝒙−𝟕𝟕
(𝒙𝒙+𝟏𝟏)(𝒙𝒙−𝟏𝟏)
Ans

7𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡 3 5𝑢𝑢 3 𝑣𝑣 3 4
6. (a) 15𝑢𝑢 3 𝑣𝑣 2
× (b) −
28𝑠𝑠 3 𝑡𝑡 2 2𝑥𝑥−5 𝑥𝑥−3
7×𝑠𝑠×𝑡𝑡×𝑡𝑡×𝑡𝑡 5×𝑢𝑢×𝑢𝑢×𝑢𝑢×𝑢𝑢×𝑣𝑣 3(𝑥𝑥−3)−4(2𝑥𝑥−5)
× (2𝑥𝑥−5)(𝑥𝑥−3)
15×𝑢𝑢×𝑢𝑢×𝑢𝑢 28×𝑠𝑠×𝑠𝑠×𝑠𝑠×𝑡𝑡×𝑡𝑡
𝒕𝒕 3𝑥𝑥−9−8𝑥𝑥+20
Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 (2𝑥𝑥−5)(𝑥𝑥−3)
3𝑥𝑥−8𝑥𝑥−9+20
(2𝑥𝑥−5)(𝑥𝑥−3)
−𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓+𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
(𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐−𝟓𝟓)(𝒙𝒙−𝟑𝟑)
Ans

14𝑥𝑥 3 7𝑥𝑥 4 2𝑥𝑥 2 −8 1 2

7. (a) 9𝑦𝑦 2 ÷ 18𝑦𝑦 3
(b) (c) −
𝑥𝑥+2 𝑥𝑥−4 5𝑥𝑥−1
14𝑥𝑥 3 18𝑦𝑦 3 2(𝑥𝑥 2 −4) 1(5𝑥𝑥−1)−2(𝑥𝑥−4)
9𝑦𝑦 2 × 7𝑥𝑥 4 (𝑥𝑥−4)(5𝑥𝑥−1)
𝑥𝑥+2
14×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥 18×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦 2(𝑥𝑥 2 −22 ) 5𝑥𝑥−1−2𝑥𝑥+8
× (𝑥𝑥−4)(5𝑥𝑥−1)
9×𝑦𝑦×𝑦𝑦 7×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥×𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥+2
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 2(𝑥𝑥+2)(𝑥𝑥−2) 5𝑥𝑥−2𝑥𝑥−1+8
Ans (𝑥𝑥−4)(5𝑥𝑥−1)
𝒙𝒙 𝑥𝑥+2
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑+𝟕𝟕
𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐) Ans (𝒙𝒙−𝟒𝟒)(𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓−𝟏𝟏)
Ans
𝑚𝑚 2 −1 𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 8 3 2
8. (a) (b) × ÷ 2𝑝𝑝2 𝑞𝑞 (c) −
𝑚𝑚 2 −𝑚𝑚 4 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 5𝑥𝑥−2 𝑥𝑥+3
𝑚𝑚 2 −12 𝑝𝑝 2 𝑞𝑞 3 8 1 3(𝑥𝑥+3)−2(5𝑥𝑥−2)
× × 2
𝑚𝑚 (𝑚𝑚 −1) 4 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 2𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 (5𝑥𝑥−2)(𝑥𝑥+3)
(𝑚𝑚 +1)(𝑚𝑚 −1) 𝑝𝑝×𝑝𝑝×𝑞𝑞×𝑞𝑞×𝑞𝑞 8 1 3𝑥𝑥+9−10𝑥𝑥+4
× ×
𝑚𝑚 (𝑚𝑚 −1) 4 𝑝𝑝×𝑞𝑞 2×𝑝𝑝×𝑝𝑝×𝑞𝑞 (5𝑥𝑥−2)(𝑥𝑥+3)
𝒎𝒎+𝟏𝟏 𝒒𝒒 3𝑥𝑥−10𝑥𝑥+9+4
Ans Ans
𝒎𝒎 𝒑𝒑 (5𝑥𝑥−2)(𝑥𝑥+3)
−𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕+𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
= Ans
(𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓−𝟐𝟐)(𝒙𝒙+𝟑𝟑)
𝑥𝑥−1 17𝑘𝑘 2 51𝑘𝑘 2 2 1
9. (a) (b) ÷ (c) −
𝑥𝑥 2 −1 20𝑎𝑎 2 5𝑎𝑎 2𝑥𝑥−1 3𝑥𝑥+1
𝑥𝑥−1 17𝑘𝑘 2 5𝑎𝑎 2(3𝑥𝑥+1)−1(2𝑥𝑥−1)
×
𝑥𝑥 2 −12 20𝑎𝑎 2 51𝑘𝑘 2 (2𝑥𝑥−1)(3𝑥𝑥+1)
𝑥𝑥−1 17×𝑘𝑘×𝑘𝑘 5×𝑎𝑎 6𝑥𝑥+2−2𝑥𝑥+1
(𝑥𝑥+1)(𝑥𝑥−1)
× (2𝑥𝑥−1)(3𝑥𝑥+1)
20×𝑎𝑎×𝑎𝑎 51×𝑘𝑘×𝑘𝑘
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 6𝑥𝑥−2𝑥𝑥+2+1 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒+𝟑𝟑
Ans Ans (2𝑥𝑥−1)(3𝑥𝑥+1)
= (𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐−𝟏𝟏)(𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑+𝟏𝟏) Ans
𝒙𝒙+𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 63

 TOPIC 2: MATRICES

5 2
1. (a) Det A = (5 × 𝑥𝑥) − (2 × 2) (b) A = � � and det A = 5 − 4 = 1
2 1
1
0 = 5𝑥𝑥 − 4 A−1 = × Adj. A
Det
1 1−2
4 = 5𝑥𝑥 A−1 = � �
1 −25
𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝒙 = Ans 𝐀𝐀−𝟏𝟏 = � �Ans
𝟓𝟓 −𝟐𝟐 𝟓𝟓
7 4(2) 7 8 10 −8
2. (a) Det A = 7(5𝑝𝑝) − 9(4𝑝𝑝) (b) A = � �=� � and Adj A=� �
9 5(2) 9 10 −9 −7
1
– 2 = 35p − 36p A= × Adj. A
Det
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 −𝟖𝟖
−2 = −𝑝𝑝 A= − � �Ans
𝟐𝟐 −𝟗𝟗 𝟕𝟕
𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝟐 Ans
1
3. (a) |𝐴𝐴| = (6 × 3) − (2 × 𝑥𝑥) (b) A−1 = |𝐴𝐴| × 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴. 𝐴𝐴
1 3 9
36 = 18−2𝑥𝑥 A−1 = � �
36 −2 6
1 1
−1 12 4
36 − 18 = −2𝑥𝑥 Also A =� 1 1� Ans
−
18 6
18 = −2𝑥𝑥
𝒙𝒙 = −𝟗𝟗 Ans
𝟔𝟔 −𝟗𝟗
𝐀𝐀 = � � Ans
𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑

1
4. (a) |Q| = 8 (b) Q−1 = |Q| × Adj.
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
8𝑥𝑥 − (12𝑥𝑥 − 48) = 8 𝐐𝐐−𝟏𝟏 = � � Ans
𝟖𝟖 −𝟔𝟔 𝟖𝟖
8𝑥𝑥 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 48 = 8
−4𝑥𝑥 = −40
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans
8 12
Q=� �
6 10
8 9 5 −9
5. (a) deter A = deter B (b) B=� �, Adj. B = � �
3 5 −3 8
𝟏𝟏
(4 × 2) − (1 × −5) = (8 × 5) − (3 × 𝑦𝑦) 𝐁𝐁−𝟏𝟏 = |𝐁𝐁| × Adj. B
𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝟓 −𝟗𝟗
8 + 5 = 40 − 3𝑦𝑦 𝐁𝐁 −𝟏𝟏 = � � Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 −𝟑𝟑 𝟖𝟖
13−40 = − 3𝑦𝑦
−27 = −3𝑦𝑦
𝒚𝒚 = 𝟗𝟗 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 64

 2×3 2 6 2
6. (a) Deter A = (2𝑥𝑥 × 𝑥𝑥) − (2 × 3) (b) A = � �=� �
3 3 3 3
1
2𝑥𝑥 2 − 6 = 12 A−1 = × Adj. A,
deter
𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑 −𝟐𝟐
2𝑥𝑥 2 = 18 A−1 = � � Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 −𝟑𝟑 𝟔𝟔
𝑥𝑥 2 = 9
𝑥𝑥 = √9
𝑥𝑥 = ±3
∴ 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑 Ans
3 −2 4 2
7. (a) Deter M= (3× 𝑥𝑥) − (5 × −2) (b) M = � �, Adj. M = � �
5 4 −5 3
𝟏𝟏
22 = 3𝑥𝑥 − (−10) 𝐌𝐌 −𝟏𝟏 = × Adj. M
𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝
−1 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐
22 = 3x + 10 M = � � Ans
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 −𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟑
22 − 10 = 3𝑥𝑥
12 = 3𝑥𝑥
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟒𝟒 Ans
1 −2 2
8. (a)|K|= (10 × −2) − (11 × −2) (b) K −1 = |K| × Adj. A, Adj.K= � �
11 −2
𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
= −20 − (−22) 𝐊𝐊 −𝟏𝟏 = � � Ans
𝟐𝟐 −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
= −20 + 22
∴ |K| = 𝟐𝟐 Ans

3 −2 4 −2
9. (a) deter Q = (3 × 4) − (𝑥𝑥 × −2) (b) Q = � �, Adj. Q = � �
−5 4 5 3
1
2 = 12 − (−2𝑥𝑥) Q−1 = × adj. Q
deter
−1 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟒 −𝟐𝟐
2 = 12 + 2𝑥𝑥 Q = � � Ans
𝟐𝟐 𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟑
2 − 12 = 2𝑥𝑥
−10 = 2𝑥𝑥
𝒙𝒙 = −𝟓𝟓 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 65

 TOPIC 3: SETS

1. (a) Data
Total = 115, Sprite (S) = 93, Fanta (F) = 74, Coke (C) = 87 F ∩ S = 61,
F ∩ C = 60, S ∩ C = 71 and F ∩ S ∩ C = 50.
E Fanta
Sprite
Hint: To fill the Venn
3 11 11
diagram, begin by
50 filling the intersection
10 21 of the three sets,
followed by two sets
3 6 and then single sets.
Coke

(b) (i) 3 students (ii) 11 students (iii) 10 + 11 + 50 + 21 = 92students

2. (a) 6 + 4 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2 + 3 − 𝑥𝑥 + 7 + 5 − 𝑥𝑥 = 25 (b)(i) 5 − 𝑥𝑥 = 5 − 1 = 𝟒𝟒 Ans

27 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 25 (ii) 5 − 𝑥𝑥 = 5 − 1 = 𝟒𝟒 Ans

−2𝑥𝑥 = 25 − 27 (iii) 3 − 𝑥𝑥 = 3 − 1 = 𝟐𝟐 Ans

−2𝑥𝑥 = −2

𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 Ans

3. (a) n(B) = n(B ∪ C)′ (b) n(A) = n(B)

8 + 𝑥𝑥 − 4 + 5 = 7 + 10 7 + 8 = 5 + 2𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 + 9 = 17 15 = 5 + 2𝑦𝑦
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟖𝟖 Ans 𝑦𝑦 = 10
𝒚𝒚 = 𝟓𝟓 Ans
(c) n(E) =7 + 8 + 10 + (8−4) + 5 + 2(5) = 44 Ans

(d) n�B ′ � = 7+10 + 2(5) = 27 Ans

4. (a) 𝑥𝑥 − 3 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 12
3𝑥𝑥 −3=12
3𝑥𝑥 =15
𝒙𝒙 = 5
(b) Total number:
59+2 +7+3 + 43 =114 learners
(C) (i) One sub = 59 + 7 + 43=109 learners (ii) Two sub = 2 + 3 = 5 learners.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 66

 5. (a) Data
All the three subjects = 3
Maths only = 4
Maths n Chem = 8
Maths = 14
3 should be placed at the centre
of all the three sets. Subtracting
3 from 8, gives 5 which is
mathematics and chem. only.

(b) (i) Physics only = 6 students

(ii) two types of subjects only = 7 students.

(iii) Maths and Phy but not chem. = 2 students.

6. (a) 4 + 𝑥𝑥 + 3 + 7 = 22 (b) (i) only 1 mode of transport = 7 + 14 + 7 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

𝑥𝑥 + 14 = 22 (ii) 2 different modes of transport
𝑥𝑥 = 22 − 14 =4+2+3+8
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟖𝟖 Ans = 17 Ans
7. (a) Data, Maize (M), Cassava (C) and Sweet potato (S)
M = 44, S =32, C = 37
M n S = 14
S n C = 24
M n C = 20
MnCnS=9
Not any of the three = 6
Now to put these numbers in the Venn
diagram, begin by feeling the intersection of all the three sets, followed by the
intersection of two sets only by subtracting 9 from the totals give in each.
(b) (i) Total = 19 + 11 + 5 + 9 + +5 + 6 + 3 + 15 + 2 = 70 farmers.
(ii) Maize only = 19 farmers
(iii) two types of crops = 5+9+15+11=40 farmers.
8. (a) 2𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 7 (b) (i) Victoria falls but not Gonya = 6+2 = 8 students
2𝑦𝑦 = 7 − 1 (ii) Two only = 4 +1 + 2 = 7 students
2𝑦𝑦 = 6 (iii) One only = 6 + 8 + 7 = 21 students
𝒚𝒚 = 3 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 67

 9. (a) E (b) (i) Music only = 5 villagers
News
Sports (ii) One type only = 10 + 9 + 5
7 9 = 24 villagers
10 (iii) Two only = 8 + 7 + 5
4 = 20 Villagers
8 5
5 Music

Follow the same procedure as question five.

TOPIC 4: QUADRATIC EQUATION

1. 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 9 = 0 2. 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 7 = 0
−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −3±�(3)2 −4(2)(−7)
𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 = 2(2)
−3±�(−1)2 −4(1)(−9) −3±√9+56
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 =
2(1) 4
1±√1+76 3±√65
𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑥𝑥 = − 4
1±√77 3+√65 3−√65
𝑥𝑥 =− 4 𝑥𝑥 = − 4 or 𝑥𝑥 = − 4
1+√77 1−√77
𝑥𝑥 = or 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 = 1.2655644 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 = −2.765564437
2 2
𝑥𝑥 = 4.887482194 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 = −3. 887482194 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏.27 or 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 Ans
𝒙𝒙 =4.89 or 𝒙𝒙 = − 3.89 Ans

3. 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑝𝑝 = 4 4 13 − 9𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 = 0

𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑝𝑝 − 4 = 0 −5𝑥𝑥 2 − 9𝑥𝑥 + 13 = 0
𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = −1 and 𝑐𝑐 = −4 𝑎𝑎 = −5, 𝑏𝑏 = −9 and 𝑐𝑐 = 13
−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑝𝑝 = 2𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑎
−(−1)±�(−1)2 −4(1)(−4) −(−9)±�(−9)2 −4(−5)(13)
𝑝𝑝 = 2(1)
𝑥𝑥 = 2(−5)
1±√1+16 9±√341
𝑝𝑝 = 2
𝑥𝑥 = −10
1+√17 1−√17 −9−√341 −9+√341
𝑝𝑝 = 2
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 =
2 10 10
𝒑𝒑 =2.56 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒑𝒑 = − 1.56 Ans 𝒙𝒙 = −2.75 or 𝒙𝒙 = 0.95 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 68

 5. 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 5 = 0 6 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝑎𝑎 = 3, b = −1 and c = −5 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = −4 and 𝑐𝑐 = −2
−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑎 2𝑎𝑎

−(−1)±�(−1)2 −4(3)(−5) −(−4)±�(−4)2 −4(1)(−2)

𝑥𝑥 = 2(3)
𝑥𝑥 = 2(1)

1±√1+60 4±√16+8
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 =
6 2
1±√61 4±√24
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 =
6 2
1+√61 1−√61 4+√24 4−√24
𝑥𝑥 = 6
or 𝑥𝑥 = 6
𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 = 2

𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 or 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 Ans
7. 2𝑥𝑥 2 = 6𝑥𝑥 + 3 2
8 3𝑧𝑧 = 7𝑧𝑧 − 1
2𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0 3𝑧𝑧 2 − 7𝑧𝑧 + 1 = 0
−(−6)±�(−6)2 −4(2)(−3) −(−7)±�(−7)2 −4(3)(1)
𝑥𝑥 = 2(2)
𝑧𝑧 = 2(3)
6±√36+24 7±√49−12
𝑥𝑥 = 8
𝑧𝑧 = 6
6±√60 7±√37
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑧𝑧 =
4 6
6+√60 6−√60 7+√37 7−√37
𝑥𝑥 = 4 or 𝑥𝑥 = 4
𝑧𝑧 = 6 or 𝑧𝑧 = 6
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 or 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 Ans 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 or 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans
2
9. 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥 = 7
𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 7 = 0
𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = 3 and 𝑐𝑐 = −7
−(2)± �(2)2 −4(1)(−7)
𝑥𝑥 = 2(1)
Always remember to
write the equation in the
−2 ± √4 + 28
𝑥𝑥 = form 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
2
−2±√32
𝑥𝑥 = 2
−2+√34 −2−√32
𝑥𝑥 = or 𝑥𝑥 =
2 2

𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 69

 TOPIC 5: PROBABILITY

1. (a) Total number of balls = 7 + 3 = 10 Possible outcomes

R RR
6/9

R
7/10 3/9 W RW

R WR

7/9
3/10
W
2/9
W WW

(b) P(At least one white ball ) = P(WW)or P(WR)or P(RW)

3 2 3 7 7 3
=� × �+� × �+� + �
10 9 10 9 10 9
6 21 21
= + +
90 90 90
48
=
90
𝟖𝟖
= Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
7 7 1
2. (a) P (Mutola) = 8 and P(Not Mutola) = 1 − 8 = 8
9 9 1
P (Mwambi) = and P(Not Mwaba) = 1 − =
10 10 10
P(Only one ) = P(Mutola × not Mwaba) or P(Mwaba × not Mutola)
7 1 9 1
=� × �+� × �
8 10 10 8
7 9
= +
80 80
16
=
80
𝟏𝟏
= Ans
𝟓𝟓
1 1 𝟏𝟏
(b) P (None of them) = P(not Mutola and not mwaba) = � × � = Ans
8 10 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖

3. (a) Total number of pens = 4 + 5 = 9

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 70

 (b)
Probability one red and one green = P(RG) + P(GR)
4 5 5 4
=� × �+� × �
9 8 9 8

20 20
= +
72 72

40
=
72

𝟓𝟓
= Ans
𝟗𝟗

4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

Old numbered cubes = 7
Even numbered cubes = 6
7 6 42 7
(a) P(both old numbered) = P(O, O) = × = =
13 12 156 26

(b) P( Only one is even numbered) = P(O, E) + P(E, O)

7 6 6 7
=� × �+� × �
13 12 13 12
42 42
= +
156 156
84
=
156
𝟕𝟕
= Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 71

 5. Total 6 + 9 = 15 (hint: use the tree diagram for easy calculations of probabilities)

B BB
5/14
B
6� 9/14 R BR
15

6/14 B RB
9/15
R
8/14
R RR
(a) P(Both are black) = P(BB) (b) P(different colour) = P(BR)+P(RB)
6 5 6 9 9 6
=� × � = � × �+� × �
15 14 15 14 15 14
30 54 54
= = +
210 210 210
30 108
= =
210 210
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
= Ans = Ans
𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

6. (a) Total 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 + 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 (b) P( both white) = P(W,W)

4 3
B BB = ×
36 35
12
19/35 =
1260
12
12/35 R BR =
1260
𝟏𝟏
B = Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
20/36 4/35 W BW
20/35 B RB
12/36
11/35
R R RR
4/35 W RW
4/36 B WB
W 20/35
12/35 R WB
3/35
W WW

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 72

 7. (a) Total 𝟓𝟓 + 𝟒𝟒 + 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

(b) P(Same colour) = P(WW) + P( BB) + (YY)

5 4 4 3 3 2
= � × �+� × �+� × �
12 11 12 11 12 11

20 12 6
= + +
132 132 132

38 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
= = Ans
132 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

8. Faulty = 3 and good = 10 – 3 = 7

Use a tree diagram below for
easy calculations

(a) P( both good) = P(G, G)

7 6
=� × �
10 9
56
=
90
𝟕𝟕
= Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
(b) P(one is faulty and the one is good) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐺𝐺, 𝐹𝐹) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐹𝐹, 𝐺𝐺)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 73

 7 3 3 7
=� × �+� × �
10 9 10 9

21 21
= +
90 90
42
=
90

𝟕𝟕
= Ans
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

9. P( negative) = 1- P(positive)
= 1-0.6
= 0.4
(a) P (1 negative & other positive) = (0.6× 0.4) + (0.4 × 0.6)
= 0.24 + 0.24
= 0.48 Ans
(b) P(both positive) = (0.4× 0.4)
= 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans

TOPIC 6: SEQUENCES AND SERIES

𝑎𝑎(𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 −1)
1. (a) 𝑚𝑚 − 2, 𝑚𝑚 + 1, 𝑚𝑚 + 7 (b) GP : 3, 6, 12, ……. (c) 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 = 𝑟𝑟−1
𝒎𝒎+𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎+𝟕𝟕 T2 6 3�26 −1�
= r= = = 𝟐𝟐 Ans S6 =
𝒎𝒎−𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎+𝟏𝟏 T1 3 2−1

(𝑚𝑚 − 2)(𝑚𝑚 + 7) = (𝑚𝑚 + 1)(𝑚𝑚 + 1) S6 = 3(64 − 1)

𝑚𝑚2 + 5𝑚𝑚 − 14 = 𝑚𝑚2 + 2𝑚𝑚 + 1 S6 = 3(63)
𝑚𝑚2 − 𝑚𝑚2 + 5𝑚𝑚 − 2𝑚𝑚 = 1 + 14 𝐒𝐒𝟔𝟔 = 189 Ans
3𝑚𝑚 = 15
𝒎𝒎 = 𝟓𝟓 Ans
10
2. (a) Sn = 10 − (b) 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑆𝑆1
2𝑛𝑛
10 10
S4 = 10 − 4 𝑎𝑎 = 10 −
2 2
160−10 10
= 𝑎𝑎 = 10 −
16 21
150
= 𝑎𝑎 = 10 − 5
16
3
S4 = 9 𝑎𝑎 = 5
8
10 5 5 1 5
(c) S2 = 10 − 22 r= ÷5 T3 = × =
2 2 2 4
30 15 5 1 5 1 5
S2 = = r= × T4 = × =
4 2 2 5 4 2 8
1
T2 = S2 − a r =
2

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 74

 15 5
T2 = −5=
2 2

𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓
∴ the first four terms of this GP are; 𝟓𝟓, , , ,
𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒 𝟖𝟖

8 𝑎𝑎(𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 −1)
3. (a) 𝑏𝑏 = √𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (b) Tn = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑟𝑟 = = 2 (c) Sn =
4 𝑟𝑟−1

4(211 −1)
𝑏𝑏 = √256 × 1024 T11 = 4 × 211−1 S11 =
2−1

𝑏𝑏 = √256 × √1024 T11 = 4 × 210 𝑆𝑆11 = 4(2047)

𝑏𝑏 = 16 × 32 T11 = 4 × 1024 𝑺𝑺𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 Ans

𝒃𝒃 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 Ans 𝐓𝐓𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 =4096 Ans

4. (a) 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛−1 (b) 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛−1

1 10−1
𝑇𝑇3 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 3−1 T10 = 64 × � �
2
1
16 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 2 T10 = 64 × 9
2
16 64 𝟏𝟏
𝑎𝑎 = ………………..(i) T10 = = Ans
𝑟𝑟 2 512 𝟖𝟖
𝑇𝑇5 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 5−1
4 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 4 ………………(ii)
16 𝑎𝑎
Substituting 𝑎𝑎 by in (ii), we have (c) 𝑆𝑆∞ =
𝑟𝑟 2 1−𝑟𝑟
16 64
× 𝑟𝑟 4 = 4 S∞ =
𝑟𝑟 2 1−0.5
2 4 1 64
𝑟𝑟 = = S∞ =
16 4 0.5
1
𝑟𝑟 = = 0.5 𝐒𝐒∞ = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏Ans
2
16 𝟏𝟏
𝑎𝑎 = (0.5)2 = 64 Therefore, 𝒂𝒂 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝒓𝒓 = Ans
𝟐𝟐

𝑎𝑎 12 3
5. (a) 𝑘𝑘 + 4, 𝑘𝑘, 2𝑘𝑘 − 15 (b) 𝑘𝑘 + 4, 𝑘𝑘, 2𝑘𝑘 − 15 (c) 𝑆𝑆∞ = ,r = =
1−𝑟𝑟 16 4
𝑘𝑘 2𝑘𝑘−15 16
= 12 + 4, 12, 2(12) − 15 S∞ = 3
𝑘𝑘+4 𝑘𝑘 1−
4
16
𝑘𝑘 2 = (𝑘𝑘 + 4)(2𝑘𝑘 − 15) 16, 12, 9,… Ans S∞ = 4−3
4
16
𝑘𝑘 2 = 2𝑘𝑘 2 − 15𝑘𝑘 + 8𝑘𝑘 − 60 S∞ = 1
4
2𝑘𝑘 2 − 𝑘𝑘 2 − 7𝑘𝑘 − 60 = 0 𝐒𝐒∞ = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ans
𝑘𝑘 2 − 7𝑘𝑘 − 60 = 0
𝑘𝑘 2 + 5𝑘𝑘 − 12𝑘𝑘 − 60 = 0 Comment: Take
𝑘𝑘(𝑘𝑘 + 5) − 12(𝑘𝑘 + 5) = 0 the positive value
since k is positive.
(𝑘𝑘 + 5)(𝑘𝑘 − 12) = 0
𝑘𝑘 = −5 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑘𝑘 = 12
∴ 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 75

 𝑎𝑎(1−𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 )
6. (a) Tn = ar n−1 (b) 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 =
1−𝑟𝑟
1 5
2(1−� � )
3−1 3
T3 = ar S5 = 1
1−
3
1
2 2(1− 5 )
= 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 2 S5 = 2
3
9
3
2 1 2
𝑎𝑎 = …………….. equation (i) S5 = 2(1 − )÷
9𝑟𝑟 2 243 3
243−1 3
𝑇𝑇4 = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 4−1 S5 = 2( )×
243 2
2 242
= 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 3 …………………. Equation (ii) S5 = 3( )
27 243
2 242 80
Replacing 𝑎𝑎 by in (ii) we have S5 = = 2 =2.99 Ans
9𝑟𝑟 2 81 81
2 2 𝑎𝑎
= × 𝑟𝑟 3 (c) 𝑆𝑆∞ =
27 9𝑟𝑟 2 1−𝑟𝑟
2 2𝑟𝑟 2
= S∞ = 1
27 9 1−
3
2
54𝑟𝑟 = 18 S∞ = 2
3
18
𝑟𝑟 = 𝐒𝐒∞ = 𝟑𝟑 Ans
54
1
𝑟𝑟 = 3
2 2
𝑎𝑎 = 1 2
= 1
9×� � 9×
3 9

𝑎𝑎 = 2
𝟏𝟏
∴ the first term is 2 and common ratio is Ans
𝟑𝟑
5 1 𝑎𝑎(1−𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 )
7. (a) 𝑟𝑟 = = = 0.25 (c) 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 = for r < 1
20 4 1−𝑟𝑟
20(1−(0.25)8 )
(b) Tn = 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑆𝑆8 =
1−0.25
1 𝑛𝑛−1 20 (1−0.00001558906 )
T𝑛𝑛 = 20 � � S8 =
4 0.75
1n −1 20(0.9999847412 )
Tn = 20 4 n −1 S8 =
0.75

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
∴ 𝐓𝐓𝐧𝐧 = Ans 𝑆𝑆8 = 26.66625977
𝟒𝟒𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏

𝐒𝐒 𝟖𝟖 = 27.7 Ans

𝑎𝑎(𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 −1)
8. (a) to find n, we use the common ratio formula (c) 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 = for r > 1
𝑟𝑟−1
𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 16((1.25)6 −1)
That is r= 𝑇𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑇3 = ⋯ 𝑇𝑇 𝑆𝑆6 =
1 2 𝑛𝑛 −1 1.25−1
10+𝑛𝑛 15+𝑛𝑛 16(3.814697266 −1)
= S6 =
6+𝑛𝑛 10+𝑛𝑛 0.25
16(2.814697266 )
(10 + 𝑛𝑛) (10 + 𝑛𝑛) = (6 + 𝑛𝑛) (15 + 𝑛𝑛) S6 =
0.25
45.03515625
100 + 20𝑛𝑛 + 𝑛𝑛2 = 90 + 21n + 𝑛𝑛2 S6 =
0.25
100 − 90 = 21𝑛𝑛 – 20𝑛𝑛 S6 = 180.140625
10 = 𝑛𝑛 ∴ S6 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 76

 ∴ 𝒏𝒏 =10 Ans
The GP is: 16, 20, 25 . . .
20 5
(b) 𝒓𝒓 = = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
16 4
𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 𝟖𝟖 𝑎𝑎
9. (a) We know that r = 𝑇𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑇3 = ⋯ 𝑇𝑇 (b) the first term = Ans (C) 𝑆𝑆∞ =
1 2 𝑛𝑛 −1 𝟑𝟑 1−𝑟𝑟
𝑥𝑥−3 𝑥𝑥−1 8/3
= 𝑆𝑆∞ = 1
𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥−3 1−(− )
2
8/3
(𝑥𝑥 − 3) (𝑥𝑥 − 3) = ( 𝑥𝑥 − 1) ( 𝑥𝑥 + 1) 𝑆𝑆∞ = 3
2
8 3
𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 9 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 1 S∞ = ÷
3 2
8 2
−6𝑥𝑥 = −1 − 9 S∞ = ×
3 3
16
−6𝑥𝑥 = −10 S∞ =
9
10 𝟕𝟕
𝑥𝑥 = ∴ 𝐒𝐒∞ = 𝟏𝟏 Ans
6 𝟗𝟗
5
𝑥𝑥 =
3
𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 Ans
𝟑𝟑
5 5 5
Hence the GP is; 3
+ 1, 3 − 3, 3 − 1 … … ..

TOPIC 7: PSEUDO CODE AND FLOWCHART

1. Start

Enter length

If length < 0 THEN

Display “error message” length must be positive.

Else enter height

If height < 0 THEN

Display “error message” height must be positive

1
Else Volume = * length * length * height
3

End if

Display Volume

Stop

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 77

 2. Start

Enter 𝑟𝑟

Is yes
𝑟𝑟 < 0 Display “error message”

No

Enter 𝑙𝑙
No

Is yes
Display “error message”
𝑙𝑙 < 0

No

A = 𝜋𝜋 ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ (𝑟𝑟 + 𝑙𝑙)

Display A

Stop

3. Begin

Enter 𝑙𝑙

Is Yes
𝑙𝑙 < 0? “Error message”

No
Enter ℎ

Is Yes “Error message”

ℎ<0

No
1
𝑉𝑉 = 3 ∗ 𝑙𝑙 ∗ 𝑙𝑙 ∗ ℎ

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 78

 Display Volume

End

4. Start
Enter Area
If area < 0
Then display “error message” A must be positive
Else enter height
If height < 0
Then display “error message” ℎ must be positive.
Else V = Area∗ height
End if
Display Volume.
Stop

5. Start

Enter 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦

M = sqr(𝑥𝑥^2+𝑦𝑦^2)

Is Yes Error ‘M’ must be positive

M< 0
No

Display M

Stop

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 79

 6. Start

Enter 𝑎𝑎, 𝑟𝑟, 𝑛𝑛

𝑅𝑅 = 1 − 𝑟𝑟

Is yes value of r
𝑅𝑅 = 0? is not valid

No
𝑎𝑎(1−𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛 )
𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 =
1−𝑟𝑟

Display 𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛

Stop

7. Start
Enter radius
If radius < 0
Then display “error message “
1
Else Area = ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2
End if
Display Area
Stop

8. Start
Enter a and r
If |𝑟𝑟| < 1
𝑎𝑎
Then sum to infinity =
1−𝑟𝑟
Else
End if
Display sum to infinity
Stop

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 80

 9. Start

Enter, r

Is yes Error message

𝑟𝑟 < 0? “r must be positive”

No

Enter h

Error message
Is h < 0? Yes “h must be Positive”

No

1
𝑣𝑣 = 𝜋𝜋 ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝑟𝑟 ∗ ℎ
3

Display Volume

Stop

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 81

 TOPIC 8: LOCI AND CONSTRUCTION

1. (b) RS = 13.8±𝟏𝟏 cm

S c (ii)
R

(a)

120° 120°
P Q
8cm
c(iii) c (i)

2. (a) (ii) ∠QPS = 68°

b (i)
b(ii)

X b(iii)
S
10cm

7cm
(a)(i)

120°
Q R
6cm

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 82

 3. C a(ii) BC = 13.2±1cm

b(ii)
a(i)

GQ b(i)

110° b(iii) 35°

A 8cm B

4. (a) (ii) Angle 𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉𝐉 = (𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 ± 𝟏𝟏)°

J
(a)(i)

b(i)
b(i)
6cm 10cm
Q

K L
8cm
b(iii)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 83

 5.
Z b (i)

b (ii)
5.5 cm
T 7 cm

P (c)

38 °
X 9 cm Y

R
6.
b(ii
(i)

7.8 cm 8 cm

X b(iii

T 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓°
P 10 cm Q
b(i)

8.9cm
7.

Q
11cm C

QP
P PPPPP
7 cm

60° 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°

AA 10cm B

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 84

 R
8.

b(iii)

b(ii)
10 cm
9.5cm
b(i)

60°
P 9 cm Q

9.

b (i) b (ii)
b (iii)
7 cm 7 cm

A 7 cm B

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 85

 TOPIC 9: CALCULUS

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1. (a) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3 (b) = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 − 4 at (−1, 2), 𝑥𝑥 = −1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫(𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑚𝑚1 = 3(−1)2 − 4(−1) − 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝟏𝟏
∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫(𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3 and so and so 𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 = −
𝟑𝟑
1
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 at (3, −1) 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
3
1 1
−1 = (3)3 − 2(3)2 + 3(3) + 𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 − 2 = − �𝑥𝑥 − (−1)�
3 3
1 1
−1 = 9 − 18 + 9 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 − + 2
3 3
1 5
−1 = 𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 + Comment
3 3
𝒎𝒎𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 = −𝟏𝟏
𝑐𝑐 = −1 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟓𝟓 Ans
𝟏𝟏
∴ the equation of the curve 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏 Ans
𝟑𝟑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2. (a) = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫(3𝑥𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Comment: To find the

∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫(3𝑥𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 equation of the curve, we

3 integrate the gradient function.
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 at (0, 2)
2
3
2 = (0) + 2(0) + 𝑐𝑐
2

𝑐𝑐 = 2
𝟑𝟑
∴ the equation of the curve 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐. Ans
𝟐𝟐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(b) = 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 12 at the stationary, =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

6𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 12 = 0 ⇒ when 𝑥𝑥 = −1; 𝑦𝑦 = 2(−1)3 − 3(−1)2 − 12(−1) + 4

𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 0 𝑦𝑦 = 11
(𝑥𝑥 + 1)(𝑥𝑥 − 2) = 0 ⇒ when 𝑥𝑥 = 2; 𝑦𝑦 = 2(2)3 − 3(2)2 − 12(2) + 4
𝑥𝑥 = −1 or 𝑥𝑥 = 2 𝑦𝑦 = −16
∴ the coordinates of the stationary points are (−𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) and (𝟐𝟐, −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 86

 3. (a) ∫𝟏𝟏 (3𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = [𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 2 ]3
𝟑𝟑
(b) 𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 5,
1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= (33 + 2(3)2 ) − (13 + 2(1)2 ) = 𝑚𝑚 = 15𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= (27+18)−(1 + 2) At (1,2), 𝑚𝑚 = 15(1)2 − 12(1) + 2 = 5,
1
= 45−3 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = − (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
𝑚𝑚
1
= 42 Ans 𝑦𝑦 − 2 = − (𝑥𝑥 − 1)
5 Comment:
5𝑦𝑦 − 10 = −𝑥𝑥 + 1 multiply by 5
5𝒚𝒚 + 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4. (a) = 6𝑥𝑥 + 8 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = (3𝑥𝑥 + 3)2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
To find the curve we integrate the gradient function. = 6(2𝑥𝑥 + 3)2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫(6𝑥𝑥 + 8) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑚𝑚 = 6(2(−1) + 3)2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 8𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 = 6(−2 + 3)2 = 6(1)2 = 6

To find c, replace 𝑥𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦𝑦 = 2 At 𝑥𝑥 = −1, 𝑦𝑦 = (2(−1) + 3)2 = 1
2 = 3 + 8 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
Use the Product
𝑐𝑐 = −9 𝑦𝑦 − 1 = 6(𝑥𝑥 − (−1)) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝟐𝟐
rule to find
Hence the equation is 𝒚𝒚 = 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 − 𝟗𝟗 Ans 𝑦𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑥 + 6 + 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝒚𝒚 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 + 𝟕𝟕 Ans
2 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 4
5. (a) ∫−1(2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + ⇒
𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=1−
𝑥𝑥 2
at 𝑥𝑥 = 4
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 3 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 4 4 16−4 12 3
= �2𝑥𝑥 + − � −1 m1 = =1− =1− = = =
2 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 42 16 16 16 4
2(2) 22 23 (−1)2 (−1)3
=� + 2 − 3 � − �2(−1) − 2 − � m1 × m2 = −1 (tangent ⊥ to normal)
1 3
8 1 1 4 4
= �4 + 2 − � — �2 − + � m2 = −1 × = −
3 2 3 3 3
10 −7
=� �−� � To find y replace 𝑥𝑥 by 4 in the original equat
3 6
10 7 4
= + 𝑦𝑦 = 4 + = 4 + 1 = 5
3 6 4
27
= ∴ Equation of the normal is given by
6
= 4. 𝟓𝟓 Ans 𝒚𝒚 − 𝒚𝒚𝟏𝟏 = 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
4
𝑦𝑦 − 5 = − (𝑥𝑥 − 4)
3
4 16
Comment: 𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 + +5
3 3
𝟒𝟒 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
Multiplying through 𝒚𝒚 = − 𝒙𝒙 +
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
by 3
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = −𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 87

 1
6. (a) ∫0 (𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 3)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 2
𝑥𝑥 3
2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=�3 − 2
− 3𝑥𝑥� 10 = 4𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (3,7) → = 𝑚𝑚1 = 4(3) − 3 = 9
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
13 2(1)2 0 0 1 1
= � 3 − 2 − (3)� − � − + 3(0)� 𝑚𝑚2 = −1 × = −
3 2 9 9
1
= � − 1 − 3� − 0 ∴ equation of the normal to the curve is given by
3
1
= −4−0 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
3
1−12 1
= 𝑦𝑦 − 7 = − (𝑥𝑥 − 3)
3 9
11 1 3
=− 𝑦𝑦 − 7 = − 𝑥𝑥 +
3 9 9
𝟐𝟐 1 3 7
= −𝟑𝟑 Ans 𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 + +
𝟑𝟑 9 9 1
1 3+63
𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 +
9 9
1 66
𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 +
9 9
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 = −𝒙𝒙 + 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ans
3
7. (a) 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 36𝑥𝑥 − 3 (b) ∫−1(3𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥 3 2𝑥𝑥 2 3
= 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 36 =� −
2 −1
�
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
3
0 = 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 − 36 dividing through by 6 = [𝑥𝑥 3
− 𝑥𝑥 2 ] −1
2 [(3)3
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 − 6 = 0 = − (3) − [(−1)3 − (−1)2 ]
2]

(𝑥𝑥 + 2) (𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 0 = (27 − 9) – (−1 − 1)

𝑥𝑥 = −2 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 = 3 =18 – (−2)
When 𝑥𝑥 = −2 = 18+2 = 20
3
𝑦𝑦 = −16 − 12 + 72 − 3 ∴ ∫−1(3𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 20 Ans
𝑦𝑦 = 41
When 𝑥𝑥 = 3
𝑦𝑦 = 2(−2)3 − 3(−2)2 − 36(−2) − 3
𝑦𝑦 = 2(3)3 – 3(3)2 − 36 (3) − 3
𝑦𝑦 = −84
∴ the coordinates on curve are (− 𝟐𝟐, 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒) and (𝟑𝟑, −𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖) Ans

5
8. (a) ∫2 (3𝑥𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (b) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 4

3𝑥𝑥 2+1 2𝑥𝑥 0+1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

=� 2+1
+ 0+1 � 52 𝑚𝑚 = = 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 at 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑚𝑚 = 2(2) − 3 = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3𝑥𝑥 3 2𝑥𝑥
= � 3 + � 52 𝑦𝑦 = (2)2 − 3(2) − 4 = −6
1
= [𝑥𝑥 3
+ 2𝑥𝑥] 52 ∴ equation of the tangent is given by
3 3
= ( (5) + 2(5) ) − (2 + 2(2)) 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 )
= (125 + 10) – (8 + 4) 𝑦𝑦 − (−6) = 1(𝑥𝑥 − 2)
= (135) – (12) 𝑦𝑦 + 6 = 𝑥𝑥 − 2
= 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏Ans 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 88

 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
9. (a) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥𝑥 2 (b) At the stationary points,
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 = 3(2)2 – 3(2)= 6 3𝑥𝑥 2−3𝑥𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∴ 𝑚𝑚1 = 6 which is the gradient of tangent to the curve 3𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 1) = 0
we know that tangent is perpendicular to the normal, 𝑥𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥 = 1
𝑚𝑚1 𝑚𝑚2 = −1, at 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 2 For 𝑥𝑥 = 0.
1 3
𝑚𝑚2 = − Which is the gradient of the normal? 𝑦𝑦 = (0) 3 - (0)2 = 0
6 2
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 ) (2,2) For 𝑥𝑥 = 1
1 3 1
𝑦𝑦 − 2 = − (𝑥𝑥 − 2) 𝑦𝑦 = (1)3 − (1)2 = −
6 2 2
1 2
𝑦𝑦 =− 𝑥𝑥 + + 2 ∴ the stationary points are;
6 6
1 2+12 𝟏𝟏
𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 + (0, 0) and (1, − ) Ans
6 6 𝟐𝟐
1 14
𝑦𝑦 = − 𝑥𝑥 + (Multiplying throughout by 6, we get)
6 6
𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 = −𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans

TOPIC 9: VECTORS

1
1. (a) (i) ������⃗
AM = AB �����⃗ (ii) �����⃗ = �����⃗
AV AB + �����⃗
BV
2
1
������⃗
AM = (8𝑝𝑝) �����⃗ = 8𝑝𝑝 − 6𝑝𝑝 + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
AV
2
������⃗ = 𝟒𝟒pAns
AM �����⃗ = 2p + 𝑘𝑘q Ans
AV
(b) AV�����⃗ = hAC �����⃗
�����⃗ = h(4p + 9q)
AV
�����⃗ = 4ℎ𝑝𝑝 + 9h𝑞𝑞
AV
2p + kq = 4ℎ𝑝𝑝 + 9ℎ𝑞𝑞
2 = 4ℎ 𝑘𝑘 = 9ℎ Comment: Equate the
2 1 coefficients of p and q
ℎ= 𝑘𝑘 = 9� �
4 2
1 1
ℎ= 𝑘𝑘 = 4
2 2
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
∴ 𝒉𝒉 = and 𝒌𝒌 = 𝟒𝟒 Ans
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐

2. �����⃗ = 2OA
(a) OB �����⃗ (c) �����⃗
AQ = �����⃗
AO + �����⃗
OQ ����⃗ = CO
(d) CP �����⃗ + �����⃗
OP
�����⃗ = 2(2p) = 𝟒𝟒p
OB �����⃗ = −OQ
AQ �����⃗ + OQ
�����⃗ ����⃗ = −OC
CP �����⃗ + 3OA
�����⃗

(b) �����⃗
BC = �����⃗
BO + �����⃗
OC ������⃗
𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀 = −𝟐𝟐p + q Ans �����⃗ = −𝟐𝟐q +𝟔𝟔p
𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂
�����⃗ = −OB
BC �����⃗ + 2OQ
�����⃗
�����⃗ = −4p +𝟐𝟐q = −𝟐𝟐(p – q)
𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 Comment: Also ����⃗
CP = �����⃗
CB + �����⃗
BP

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 89

 3. (a) (i) �����⃗ �����⃗
AB = 3OB �����⃗ = �����⃗
(ii) AC AB + �����⃗
BC ������⃗ = �����⃗
(iii) OM OA + AX�����⃗
�����⃗ = 𝟑𝟑a
AB �����⃗ = 3a+2b
AC ������⃗ = 𝟒𝟒a + bAns
OM
�����⃗ = �����⃗
(b) OX �����⃗
OA + AX
1
�����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎 + AC
OX �����⃗
5
1
�����⃗
OX = 𝑎𝑎 + (3𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏)
5 𝟐𝟐
�����⃗ 3 2 Comment: Factorise
OX = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝟓𝟓
5 5
5𝑎𝑎+3𝑎𝑎 2𝑏𝑏
�����⃗
OX = +
5 5
8 2
�����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
OX
5 5
2
�����⃗
OX = (4a+b) Hence shown
5

4. (a)(i) �����⃗
AB = �����⃗ �����⃗
AO + OB �����⃗ = 1 AB
(ii) AC �����⃗ ������⃗ = �����⃗
(b) AM AO + OM������⃗
3

�����⃗
AB = −a + 𝑏𝑏 �����⃗ = 1 (−a + b)
AB ������⃗ = −a + 1 OC
AM �����⃗
3 2
1 2 1
�����⃗ = �����⃗
(iii) OC OA + AC�����⃗ ������⃗ = −a +
AM ( a + 𝑏𝑏)
2 3 3
1 2 1
�����⃗
OC = a+ (−𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) ������⃗
AM = −a + a + 𝑏𝑏
3 6 6
1 1
�����⃗
OC = 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 ������⃗ = −6a+2a + 1 𝑏𝑏
AM
3 3 6 6
3𝑎𝑎−𝑎𝑎 1 4 1
�����⃗
OC = + 𝑏𝑏 ������⃗
AM = − 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
3 3 6 6
2 1 1 4
�����⃗
OC = a + b ������⃗
AM = b − 𝑎𝑎
3 3 6 6

�����⃗ = 𝟏𝟏 (𝟐𝟐a + b)
𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎 ������⃗ = 𝟏𝟏 ( b – 4a)Hence shown
𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀
𝟑𝟑 𝟔𝟔
1 𝟐𝟐
5. (a) (i) �����⃗
AE = �����⃗
AC (ii) Since �����⃗
BE = ( 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒂𝒂)
3 𝟑𝟑
�����⃗ = �����⃗
AC �����⃗
AB + BC �����⃗ = 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒂𝒂
and BD
𝟐𝟐
�����⃗ = a + 2b
AC �����⃗
𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 = 𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 ������⃗
𝟑𝟑
𝟏𝟏
�����⃗ = ( 𝒂𝒂 + 2𝒃𝒃) Ans
∴ 𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀 ∴ the points 𝐁𝐁, 𝐄𝐄 and 𝐃𝐃 are collinear
𝟑𝟑
(b) �����⃗ = �����⃗
BE BA + AE �����⃗ (c) BD �����⃗ + AD
�����⃗ = −AB �����⃗
1
�����⃗ = -a + ( a + 2b)
BE �����⃗ = − a + b
BD
3
�����⃗ = −a + 1 a + 2 b
BE ������⃗
𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 = 𝒃𝒃 – 𝒂𝒂 Ans
3 3
�����⃗ = −3a+a + 2 b
BE
3 3
�����⃗ = − 2 a + 2 b
BE
3 3
2 2
∴ �����⃗
BE = b – a
3 3
𝟐𝟐
�����⃗
𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 = (𝒃𝒃 − 𝒂𝒂) Ans
𝟑𝟑

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 90

 6. (a) (i) �����⃗
PQ = �����⃗ �����⃗
PO + OQ (b) �����⃗ = hOX
OC �����⃗
4p 4q
�����⃗ = − 2p + 4q
PQ �����⃗
OC = h ( + )
3 3
4h 4h
�����⃗ = 4q – 2p
PQ �����⃗
OC = p + q
3 3
∴ �����⃗
𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏 = 2 (2q –p) Ans ∴ �����⃗ = CO
CQ �����⃗ + OQ
�����⃗
�����⃗ = − ( P + 4h q) + 4q
CQ
4h
3 3
1 4h 4h
(ii) ����⃗ =
PX �����⃗
PQ �����⃗
CQ = 4q − q– p
3 3 3
𝟏𝟏 𝐡𝐡 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
����⃗ =
PX (4q –2p) Ans �����⃗
𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂 = 𝟒𝟒(1− ) q – p hence shown
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
(iii) �����⃗ = �����⃗
OX OP + PX����⃗
�����⃗ = 2p + 4q − 2p
OX
3 3
�����⃗ = 2p − 2 p− 4 q
OX
3 3
6p−2p 4q
�����⃗
OX = −
3 3
𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒
�����⃗
𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎 = p − q Ans
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑

1
7. (a) �����⃗ = �����⃗
OB OA + AB�����⃗ (c) �����⃗
CD = AC �����⃗
2
1
������⃗ = 𝒂𝒂 + 2𝒃𝒃
𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎 �����⃗
CD = (−a +2𝑏𝑏)
2
𝟏𝟏
�����⃗, first find AC
(b) To find OE �����⃗ and �����⃗
𝐂𝐂𝐂𝐂 = − 𝐚𝐚 + 𝒃𝒃 Ans
𝟐𝟐
�����⃗ = �����⃗
AC CO + �����⃗
OA
�����⃗
AC= −a +2 b
�����⃗ = − 3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
AE �����⃗
4
3
�����⃗ =
A𝐸𝐸 (−a +2 𝑏𝑏 )
4

∴ OE�����⃗ = �����⃗
OA + AE �����⃗
3
�����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎 + (− 𝑎𝑎 +2𝑏𝑏 )
OE
4
�����⃗ = 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎 + 6 𝑏𝑏
OE
3
4 4
�����⃗ = 4𝑎𝑎−3𝑎𝑎 + 6 𝑏𝑏
OE
4 4
1 6
�����⃗
OE = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
4 4
𝟏𝟏
�����⃗
𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎 = (𝒂𝒂 + 6𝒃𝒃) Ans
𝟒𝟒

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 91

 8. (a) (i) �����⃗
AB = �����⃗ �����⃗
AO + OB �����⃗ = �����⃗
(ii) OD OA + AD�����⃗ �����⃗ = �����⃗
(ii) BC BO + OC �����⃗
1
�����⃗ = −3a + 6b
AB �����⃗
OD = �����⃗
OA + �����⃗
AB ���������⃗ + 2 �����⃗
�����⃗ = −OB
BC OA
3 5
1 2
�����⃗ = 6b −3a
AB �����⃗ = 3a
OD + (6b −3a) �����⃗ = − 6b + (3a)
BC
3 5
∴ �����⃗
𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀 = 3 (2b −a) Ans �����⃗ = 3a + 2b – a
OD �����⃗ = − 6b + 6𝑎𝑎
BC
5
𝟔𝟔
�����⃗
OD = 2a + 2b �����⃗
𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 = a − 6 b Ans
𝟓𝟓
������⃗ = 2(𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃) Ans
𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎
(b) BE �����⃗
�����⃗ = ℎBC
�����⃗ = ℎ(6 a – 6b)
BE
5
𝒉𝒉
�����⃗
𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 = 𝟔𝟔( a – hb) Ans
𝟓𝟓

TOPIC 11: TRIGONOMETRY

𝑏𝑏 2 +𝑐𝑐 2 −𝑎𝑎 2 1
1. �=
(a) (i) cos A (ii) A = (9.4)(10.2)sin 105°
2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 2
(9.4)2 +(10.2)2 −(15.6)2
�=
cos A A = 46.306484411
2(9.4)(10.2)
192.4−243.36
�=
cos A 𝐀𝐀 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 Ans
191.76
−50.96 2A
�=
cos A (iii) S. d =
191.76 b

� = cos −1 �−50.96�
A S. d =
2×𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒.𝟑𝟑
191.76 15.6
� = 105.4114545°
A S. d = 5.935897436
� 𝐂𝐂 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°Ans
∴ B𝐀𝐀 S.d = 5.94km
(b) 2 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 1
1
cos 𝜃𝜃 = Comment: Not that cosine is also
2
1
positive in the 4th quadrant but the
cos 𝛼𝛼 = range does not go up to the 4th
2

𝛼𝛼 = cos −1 (0.5) quadrant and so we only have one

solution i.e. in the 1st quadrant.
𝜶𝜶 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔° Ans
∴ 𝜃𝜃 = 𝛼𝛼 = 60° Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 92

 1
2. (a) (i) First find angle GOL by sine rule (ii) A = (10.1)(14.2)sin 112.8°
2
sin L sin O
= A = 66.1068066
l o
sin 40 sin O
= 𝐀𝐀 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 Ans
14.2 10.1
10.1 sin 40 2×66.1
sin O = (iii) S. d =
14.2 14.2

� = sin−1 �10.1 sin 40 �

O S. d = 9.309859155
14.2
� = 27.2061891°
O S. d = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 Ans
� 𝐋𝐋 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐°
G𝐎𝐎
∴ angle OGL = 180° − (40° + 27.2°)
= 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. ° Ans Comment: The sum of
angles in a triangle is
(b) 5 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 3
180°
3
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
5
3
cos 𝛼𝛼 =
5

𝛼𝛼 = cos−1 (0.6) Comment: Refer to

the comment in 1(b)
𝜶𝜶 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟏° Ans
∴ 𝜽𝜽 = 53.1°
1
3. (a)(i) m2 = 102 + 82 − 2(10)(8) cos 92° (ii) A = 2 kn sin M
1
m2 = 164 − (−5.5839) A = (10)(8) sin 92°
2
m2 = 164 + 5.5839 A = 40 sin 92°
m = √169.5839 A = 39.97563308
m = 13.02243908 A = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 Ans
∴ 𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 Ans
2𝐴𝐴 2×40
(iii) Shortest distance = =
𝑏𝑏 13
= 6.153846154
= 𝟔𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 km Ans
Comment: We only have
(b) 2 tan 𝜃𝜃 = −3
3 on solution in the second
tan 𝛼𝛼 = − 𝜃𝜃 = 180° − 𝛼𝛼
2 quadrant.
−1 3
𝛼𝛼 = tan � � 𝜃𝜃 = 180° − 56.3°
2
𝛼𝛼 = 56.3° 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕° Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 93

 1
4. (a) (i) First find angle B (ii) A = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 sin 𝐶𝐶
2
1
∠𝐵𝐵 = 180° − 125° − 40° = 15° 𝐴𝐴 = (275)(870) sin 40°
2
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
= A = 76893.46781
sin 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝐵𝐵
𝑎𝑎 275
= A = 7690km2 Ans
sin 125° sin 15°
275 sin 125° 2𝐴𝐴
𝑎𝑎 = (iii) S.d=
sin 15° 𝑏𝑏
2×7690
𝑎𝑎 = 870.3641268 S.d =
870

BC = 870.0km Ans S.d = 177km Ans

(b) 13cos 𝜃𝜃 = 5 Now Cos is positive in the 1st and 4th quadrants
5
cos 𝛼𝛼 = In the 1st quad; 𝜃𝜃 = 𝛼𝛼 = 67.4° and in the 4th quad
13
5
𝛼𝛼 = cos−1 � � 𝜃𝜃 = 360° − 𝛼𝛼 = 360° − 67.4292.6
13

𝜶𝜶 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟒𝟒° ∴ 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟒𝟒°, 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔° Ans

𝑛𝑛 𝑟𝑟
5. (a)(i) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
=
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
(ii) Area of ∆𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾

𝑛𝑛 80 1
= A = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 sin N
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 60 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 52 2
80𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 60 1
𝑛𝑛 = A = (50)(80) sin 60°
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 52 2
𝑛𝑛 = 87.92016097 A = 2000 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠60°
∴ 𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊 = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟗𝟗 𝐦𝐦 Ans A = 1732.050808
∴ 𝑨𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 Ans
(b) Shortest distance from R to KN
2𝐴𝐴
Sd =
𝑏𝑏
𝟐𝟐×𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
S .d =
𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
= 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖. 𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎 Ans
(c) Graph of 𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝜃𝜃
𝜃𝜃 0° 90° 180° 270° 360°
cos 𝜃𝜃 1 0 −1 0 1

1 𝒚𝒚 = 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽

0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

-1

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 94

 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 2×150
6. (a) (i) = (ii) first find angle BAC (iii) S.d =
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 22.9
𝑏𝑏 15
= BAC = 180° − (79° + 40°) = 61° = 13.100
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 79 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 40
15 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 79 1
𝑏𝑏 = 𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 13.1 Ans
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 40 2
1
𝑏𝑏 = 22.9 𝐴𝐴 = (15)(22.9)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠61°
2

AC = 22.9km Ans 𝐴𝐴 = 150.2159349

𝑨𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝐤𝐤𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 Ans
(b) cos𝜃𝜃 = 0.937
∝= cos −1 (0.937)
Comment: Note that Cos is positive
∝= 20.4°
in the first and fourth quadrants. In
𝜃𝜃 = 360° − 20.4) = 339.4
1st quad 𝜃𝜃 = ∝ and in the 4th
∴ 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟒 Ans
quadrant 𝜃𝜃 = 360°−∝
(c) 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝜽𝜽

𝜃𝜃 0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

Sin 𝜃𝜃 0 1 0 -1 0

0 90 180 270 360

𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝜃𝜃
−1

1 2𝐴𝐴
7. (a) (i) A = 2 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 sin 𝐻𝐻 (iii) Shortest distance =
𝑏𝑏
1 2×0.95
A = × 1.3 × 1.9 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠130° =
2 2.9

A = 1.235 sin 130° = 0.65517

A = 0.9460648873 S.d = 0.655 km Ans
A = 𝟎𝟎.946 km2 Ans
(ii) ℎ2 = 𝑡𝑡 2 + 𝑠𝑠 2 − 2tscosH
2
h2 = (1.3)2 + (1.9)2 − 2(1.3)(1.9)cos130° (b) cos 𝜃𝜃 =
3
2
h2 = 5.3 – ( −3.175370792) 𝜃𝜃 = cos−1 � �
3

h2 = 5.3 + 3.17537 𝜃𝜃 = 48.1896851

h2 = 8.475370792 ∴ 𝜃𝜃 = 48.2° Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 95

 h2 = √8.475370792
h = 2.911249009
∴ 𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 Ans
1
8. (a) (i) To find PQ, first find angle R (ii) A = × p × r × sin Q
2
1
� = 180° − (46° + 36°)
R = × 36.5 × 50.2 × sin 36°
2

= 98° = 916.15 sin 36°

sin R sinP
∴ = ∴ A = 538.4994589 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐤𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 Ans
r p
sin 98° sin 46° 2𝐴𝐴 2×538..2
= (iii) Shortest distance = = = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤
r 36.5 𝑏𝑏 50.2

rsin 46° = 36.5 sin98° (b) sin𝜃𝜃 = 0.6792

36.5 sin 98°
r= 𝜃𝜃 = sin−1 (0.6792) → press shift / 2nd f and then sin
sin 46°

r = 50.24716343 𝜃𝜃 = 42.8° and 𝜃𝜃 = 180 − 42.8 = 137.2°

∴ 𝐏𝐏𝐏𝐏 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 Ans ∴ 𝜽𝜽 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟖°, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐° Ans
1 2𝐴𝐴
9. (a) (i) k2 = i2 + m2 – 2imcos K (ii) A = × 𝑖𝑖 × 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (iii) shortest d =
2 𝑏𝑏
1 2×7.05
k2 = 52 + 32−2(5)(3) cos110° A = (5)(3 )𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠110° =
2 6.65

k2 = 34 – (- 10.2606043) A = 7.5 sin110° = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans

k2 = 44.26060643 A = 7.047694656
k = √44.26060643 A = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 Ans
k = 6.656864368
∴ 𝐌𝐌𝐌𝐌 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ans

(b) tan𝜃𝜃 = 0.7

Comment: 𝛼𝛼 is called a reference
tan 𝛼𝛼 = 0.7 angle in the 1st quadrant
𝛼𝛼 = tan−1 (0.7)
𝛼𝛼 = 34.9920202
𝛼𝛼 = 34.9920202
∴ 𝛉𝛉 = 𝛼𝛼 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑° Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 96

 TOPIC 12: MENSURATION

𝑟𝑟 ℎ 𝜋𝜋
1. = V = (𝑅𝑅 2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ)
𝑅𝑅 𝐻𝐻 3
5 ℎ 𝜋𝜋
= V = (102 × 24 − 52 × 12)
10 ℎ+12 3
𝜋𝜋
10ℎ = 5ℎ + 60 V = (2400 − 300)
3
𝜋𝜋
10ℎ − 5ℎ = 60 V = (2100)
3

5ℎ = 60 V = 700𝜋𝜋
ℎ = 12cm V = 2199.114858
H = ℎ + 12 = 12 + 12 = 24cm V = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝐦𝐦𝟑𝟑 Ans
8 ℎ 1
2. = V = (𝐿𝐿2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝑙𝑙 2 ℎ) where H = 6 + 3 = 9cm
12 ℎ+3 3
1
12ℎ = 8ℎ + 24 = (122 × 9 − 82 × 6)
3
1
4ℎ = 24 = (912)
3

ℎ = 6cm 𝐕𝐕 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐦𝐦𝟑𝟑
3. (a) To find OP, first find PC which is the diagonal of the square base.
AC 2 = 82 + 82 ∴ 𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 2 = 𝑂𝑂𝑃𝑃2 + 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 2
AC 2 = 64 + 64 102 = 𝑂𝑂𝑃𝑃2 + 5.52
AC = √128 OP = √102 − 5.652
AC = 11.3137085 OP = √55.7775
AC = 11.3 OP = 7.468433571
1 1
PC = AC = (11.3) = 5.65 OP = 7.47km Ans
2 2
(b) The angle between the edge OC and PC is angle PCO.
PC
CosP C� O =
OC
−1 5.65
PC� O = cos � �
10
𝐏𝐏𝐂𝐂�𝐎𝐎 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟔°
r h 𝜋𝜋
4. = V = (𝑅𝑅 2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝑟𝑟 2 h)
R H 3
3 ℎ 𝜋𝜋
= V = (82 × 16 − 32 × 6)
8 ℎ +10 3
𝜋𝜋
8ℎ = 3ℎ + 30 V= (1024 − 54)
3
𝜋𝜋
5ℎ = 30 V= (970)
3
ℎ = 6cm V = 1015.9133333
H = 6 + 10 = 16cm V = 1020 cm3

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 97

 5. Since, the ratios of the sides are not equal, we use the formula
H
V = �A + B + √AB�
3
11.4
V= �14 × 10 + 8 × 4 + �(14 × 10)(8 × 4)�
3
V = 3.8 �140 + 32 + �(140)(32)�

V = 3.8(172 + 66.9328021)
V = 3.8(238.9328021)
V = 907.9446481
V = 908cm3 Ans
H 10 1
6. = ∴ V = [𝐿𝐿2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝑙𝑙 2 ℎ] (square base)
H−9 4 3
1
10(H − 9) = 4H V = [102 × 15 − 42 × 6]
3
1
10H−90 = 4H V = (1500 − 96)
3
1
10H−4H = 90 V = (1404)
3

6H = 90 V = 468 𝒄𝒄𝒎𝒎𝟑𝟑 Ans

H = 15
∴ H = 15cm and h = 15 − 9 = 6cm
1 1
7. First find the height of the small cone that was ∴ V = 𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅 2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 h
3 3
1
Cutoff. V = 𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅 2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝑟𝑟 2 h)
3
ℎ 20+ℎ 3.142
= V= (212 × 30 − 72 × 10)
7 21 3
3.142
21ℎ = 7(20+ h) V= (13230 − 490)
3
3.142
21h = 140 + 7ℎ V= (12740)
3

21h −7h = 140 V = 13343.02667

14ℎ= 140 V = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝟑𝟑 Ans
h = 10
𝒉𝒉 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 cm and H = 10 + 20 = 30cm

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 98

 8. (i) Let height EA = 𝑥𝑥, then (ii) Volume that remained is the that of the
frustum
𝑥𝑥 15+𝑥𝑥 1 1
= V= 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 2 h
4 12 3 3
1
12𝑥𝑥 = 4(15 +𝑥𝑥) V = 𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅 2 𝐻𝐻 − 𝑟𝑟 2 h)
3
1
12𝑥𝑥 = 60 +4𝑥𝑥 V = × 3.142(122 × 22.5 − 42 × 7.5)
3
3.142
12𝑥𝑥 −4𝑥𝑥 =60 V= (3240 − 120)
3
3.142
8𝑥𝑥 = 60 V= (3120)
3
𝑥𝑥 = 7.5 V = 3267.68
∴ 𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟓𝟓 And AD = 7.5 +15 = 22.5cm V = 3270 𝒄𝒄𝒎𝒎𝟑𝟑 (correct to 3 sig figures)

9. (a) V = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙ℎ (b) first find the radius of a cone

V= 1.2× 0.9 × 10 r2= 132 − 122
V= 10.8cm3 r2 = 25
1cm3 → 1000𝑙𝑙 r = √25 12
10.8cm → 𝑥𝑥
3
r = 5cm 13
𝑥𝑥 = 10.8 × 1000𝑙𝑙 ∴ 𝑇𝑇. 𝑆𝑆. 𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 + 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 r
𝑥𝑥 = 10800𝑙𝑙 T.S.A = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋(𝑟𝑟 + 𝑙𝑙)
∴ 𝑽𝑽 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (3 sig fig) T.S.A = 3.142 × 5(5 + 13)
T. S. A = 282.78c𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐

TOPIC 13: EARTH GEOMETRY

1. (a) Difference in longitudes = 21° + 41 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔° Ans

𝜃𝜃
(b) (i) PQ = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 where 𝜃𝜃 = 80° + 60° = 140° OR PQ = 𝜃𝜃 × 60°
360
140°
PQ = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 PQ = 140° × 60°
360°
3023735 .12
PQ = PQ = 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 nm Ans
360

PQ = 8399.264222
PQ = 8400nm Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 99

 𝛼𝛼
(ii) RT = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 cos 𝜃𝜃 where 𝛼𝛼 = 71° − 21° = 50° and 𝜃𝜃 = 60°
360
50°
RT = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 × cos 60° OR RT = 𝛼𝛼 × 60° cos 𝜃𝜃
360°
539952 .7
RT = RT = 50 × 60 cos 60
360

RT = 1499.868611 RT = 3000 × 0.5

RT = 1500 nm Ans RT = 1500nm Ans
𝜃𝜃
2. (a) Difference in longitudes, 𝛼𝛼 = 55° + 24° = 79° (c) 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
360
α 60+60
(b) PQ = × 2πR cos X QR = × 2 × 3.142 × 6370
2360 360
2πRα cos X 4803489 .6
4392.0796 = QR =
360° 360

2πRα cos X = 360° × 4392.0796 QR = 13343.02667

1581148 .656
cos X = QR = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎Ans
2×79×3.142×6370

X = cos−1 (0.4999999987)
𝐗𝐗 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔° Ans
3. (a) Difference in longitudes, ∝= 90° + 45° = 135°
∝
(b) (i) PQ = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 cos 𝜃𝜃 OR PQ = ∝× 60 cos 𝜃𝜃
360°
135°
PQ = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 × cos 65 PQ = 135° × 60° cos 65°
360°
1232246 .906
PQ = PQ = 3423.20972
360

PQ = 3422.908072 PQ = 3420nm
PQ = 3420nm

𝜃𝜃
(ii) PT = 360 × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 OR PT = 𝜃𝜃 × 60°
120°
PT = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 PT = 120° × 60°
360°
2591772 .92
PT = PT = 7200nm
360

PT = 7199.369333
PT = 7200nm

4. (a) Difference in longitudes, ∝ = 30° + 60° = 90°

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 100

 𝜃𝜃 ∝
(b) (i) LM = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 (ii) KL = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 cos 𝜃𝜃
360 360°
95° 90°
LM= × 2 × 3.142 × 6370 KL = × 2 × 3.142 × 6370 × cos 50°
360° 360°
3802762 .6 2315717 .699
LM = KL =
360 360

LM = 10563.22944 KL = 6432.549163
LM = 10600km KL = 6430km
N
5. (a) B
35° N
15°N
A 0°
70°E
35°𝑆𝑆
C
40°E
SA
S
𝜃𝜃
AC = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 where 𝜃𝜃 = 15° + 35° = 50°
360
50°
AC = ×2 × 3.142 × 6370
360°
2001454
AC =
360

AC = 5,559.594444
AC = 5,560km Ans
𝛼𝛼
(b) (i) BQ = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 (ii) longitude of Q = 70° − 9.9° = 60.1°
360
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
900 = ∴ position of Q (𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑°𝑺𝑺, 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟏𝟏°𝑬𝑬) Ans
360

2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 900 × 360°

32400
𝛼𝛼 =
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
32400
𝛼𝛼 =
(2×3.142×6370 ×cos 35°)

𝛼𝛼 = 9.88109
∴ the difference in longitude is 9.9° Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 101

 𝜃𝜃
6. (a) D = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 where 𝜃𝜃 = 60° + 60° = 120° or D = 𝜃𝜃 × 60
360
120
D= × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 D = 120° × 60
360
2591772 .96
D= D = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 nm Ans
360

D = 7199.369333
∴ 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝 𝐁𝐁𝐁𝐁 = 7200nm Ans
(b) To find speed, first find distance CD
𝜶𝜶 𝐷𝐷
D= × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∴ speed =
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑇𝑇
120 3600
D= × 2 × 𝜋𝜋 × 3437 cos 60 speed =
360 12
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
D= speed = 300knots Ans
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

D = 3599.684667
D = 3600nm
7. (a) Difference in latitudes between W and Y
𝜽𝜽 = 80° + 30° = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
𝜃𝜃 𝛼𝛼
(b) (i) XZ = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 (ii) YZ = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 where 𝛼𝛼 = 15° + 105 = 120°
360 360°
110° 120°
XZ = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 YZ = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 × 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐30°
360° 360°
2244541 .224
XZ = 6599.421889 YZ =
360

XZ = 6600nm Ans YZ = 6234.836734

YZ =6230nm Ans
8. (a)

𝜃𝜃
(ii)(a) Distance QR = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝜃𝜃 = 80° + 85° = 165° (b) C = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
360°
165°
QR = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437 C = 21600 Cos 𝜃𝜃
360°

QR = 9899.132833 C = 21600× 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 85°

QR =9900 nm Ans C = 1882.564043 = 1980nm Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 102

 9. (a) Difference in latitudes
θ = 50° + 70° = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
𝜃𝜃
(b) C = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 (c) AD = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
360°
120°
C = 21600 Cos 50° AD = × 2 × 3.142 × 3437
360°

C=13884.21237nm AD = 7199.369333
C= 13900nm AD = 7200nm Ans

TOPIC 14: QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

1. (a) (i) 𝑝𝑝 = 23 + 4(2)2 + 2 − 5

𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 Ans
(ii) See graph below

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 103

 (c)(i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5)
𝒚𝒚 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 5
𝑦𝑦 = 0 (the intersection of y = 0 and the curve, gives the solutions)
∴ 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟐 ± 𝟏𝟏, 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 ± 𝟏𝟏 and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗 ± 𝟏𝟏 Ans
(ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 4)
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 5 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 5 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 4
𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 4 (Draw this line on the same graph and obtain the solutions at the point
of the intersection of the line and the curve as shown above)
∴ 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 ± 𝟏𝟏, 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗 ± 𝟏𝟏 and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 ± 𝟏𝟏 Ans
2. (a) 𝒓𝒓 = 𝟖𝟖
(b) Refer to the graph for the curve.
(c) (i) To find the gradient, draw a straight line at 𝑥𝑥 = 2 𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒 (2, 5) and take any two
points on the line drawn and use the gradient formula to find the required
gradient.
𝑦𝑦2 −𝑦𝑦1 10−5 5
𝑚𝑚 = = = = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 ± 𝟏𝟏 (estimated value) Ans
𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑥 1 2.5−2 0.5
1 1
(ii) A = bh = × 1 × 9 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 ± 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓Square units Ans
2 2

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 104

 3. (a)(i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 6)
Comment: The solution is the
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 6
𝑦𝑦 = −1 + 6 intersection of the line
𝑦𝑦 = 5 𝑦𝑦 = 5 and the curve.
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 Ans
(ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 − 10𝑥𝑥)
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 10𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥,
∴ 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗 Ans
𝑦𝑦 −𝑦𝑦
(b) (i) 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑥1 pick ( 2, 11) and (1.5, 4) or
2 1
4−11
𝑚𝑚 = We can also use the concept of
1.5−2
−7
= = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans calculus to find the gradient by
−0.5
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(ii)
1
A = × 1 × 10 + ×
1 1
1 × 8 + × 1 × 10 finding 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 i. e 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2 at
2 2 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
A=5+4+5 (2,11), 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑚𝑚 = 3(2) + 2 = 14
A = 14 square units Ans

4. (a) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3
𝑘𝑘 = (−3)3 − 5(−3) + 3
𝑘𝑘 = −9
(b) Refer to the graph below for the curve

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 105

 Comment: The intersection
3 3
(c) (i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 − (𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑥) of the line 𝑦𝑦 = 3 and the
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥𝑥 3 + 5𝑥𝑥 curve, gives the solutions
𝑦𝑦 = 3 to the equation.
3
𝑥𝑥 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0; Thus 𝑥𝑥 = −2.1 ± 1 and 𝑥𝑥 = 2.15 ± 1
1 1 1
(ii) A = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) = (2 + 4)1 + (4 + 0)1
2 2 2
1 1
A = (6) + (4) = 𝟓𝟓 square units
2 2

5.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 106

 6. (a) (i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥) Comment: The intersection of
the line 𝑦𝑦 = 0 and the curve,
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − (𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥) gives us the solution to the
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 12 equation.
𝑦𝑦 = 0
∴ 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟒𝟒, 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟎𝟎 and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑

(ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 − 10)

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 3 + 12𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 + 10
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 10
Comments: Make a table of
−3 0 2 3 values to draw the line
𝒙𝒙
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 10
7 10 12 13
𝒚𝒚

𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟕𝟕 ± 𝟏𝟏, 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 ± and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 ± 𝟏𝟏

(b)(i) Draw a straight line touching only (ii) From the graph, we can see that the
at ( -3, 18) and pick any two points required area is simply the areas
lying on the same line of the two trapeziums
1
e. g (−3, 18 ) and (−4.5,4) A = (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)ℎ
2
𝑦𝑦2 −𝑦𝑦1 1 1
𝑚𝑚 = 𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑥 1
A = (28 + 30)1 + (30 + 22)1
2 2
4−18 1 1
𝑚𝑚 = A = (58) + (52)
−4.5−(−3) 2 2
−14
𝑚𝑚 = A = 29 + 26
−1.5
𝒎𝒎 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟑𝟑 ± 𝟏𝟏 𝐀𝐀 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 ± 𝟏𝟏 Square units
7. (a) (i) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3) (b) (i) to find the gradient, draw a
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 3 straight line touching the curve
𝑦𝑦 = 0 only at (−3,0) and pick any
On the graph, when 𝑦𝑦 = 0, (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) two points lying on this line
𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑, 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏 and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 for Example (−3,0) and (−2,8)
𝑦𝑦2 −𝑦𝑦1
(ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 − (𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 5) 𝑚𝑚 =
𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑥 1
8−0
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 5) 𝑚𝑚 =
−2−(−3)
𝟖𝟖
𝑦𝑦 = −3 + 5 𝒎𝒎 = = 𝟖𝟖 Ans
𝟏𝟏

𝑦𝑦 = 2 (ii) Area = A of rectangle + trapezium

1
On the graph when y=2, then A = l× 𝑏𝑏 + (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)ℎ
2
1
𝒙𝒙 = −𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔, 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 A = 1 × 20 + (20 + 5)
2

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 107

 A = 20 + 12.5
A = 32.5 square units
8. (a) To find the gradient of the curve, simply draw a straight line touching the curve at (2,5)
and pick any two points lying on the line drawn, for example (2,5) and (1, −7) and use
the gradient formula to find the gradient
𝑦𝑦 −𝑦𝑦
𝑚𝑚 = 𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑥 1 Comment: You can check your
2 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
answer by 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑚𝑚 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 +
−7−5
𝑚𝑚 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 5 at (2,5) 𝑚𝑚 = 3(2)2 +
1−2
−12
𝑚𝑚 = t 2(2) − 5 = 11 which is close12
−1
𝒎𝒎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Ans

(b) (i) 𝒚𝒚 = 𝑥𝑥3 + 𝑥𝑥2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 − (𝑥𝑥3 + 𝑥𝑥2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3) (ii) similarly we have 𝑦𝑦=5𝑥𝑥

𝒚𝒚 = 𝑥𝑥3 + 𝑥𝑥2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥𝑥3 − 𝑥𝑥2 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 Use any points to draw the
𝑦𝑦 = 0 line 𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 and find the
On the graph, when 𝑦𝑦 = 0(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑 and 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 Ans
𝑥𝑥 -1 0 1 5
𝑦𝑦 -5 0 5 10
∴ 𝒙𝒙 = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖, 𝒙𝒙 = 0.3 and 𝒙𝒙=𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒
(c) From the graph in the given bounds, we can
make two trapeziums.
Hence to find the area, we find the total areas of these
two trapeziums:
1
A = (𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃)𝒉𝒉
2
1 1
A= (9 + 8)1 + (8 + 3)
2 2
1 1
A= (17) + (11)
2 2

A= 8.5 + 5.5
A= 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Square units

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 108

 9.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 109

 TOPIC 15: LINEAR PROGRAMING

1. (a) (i) 𝒙𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (ii) 𝒚𝒚 ≥ 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 (iii) 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 ≤ 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 (iv) 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
(b) Refer to the graph below for the feasible region.
(c) To find the best combination of number of tables and chairs to gain maximum profit,
we take the vertices where the inequalities intersect in the feasible region by forming
an objective function first. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 300𝑥𝑥 + 250𝑦𝑦
Vertices 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙, 𝒚𝒚) = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 Sum
(10,20) 300(10) + 250(20) 8000
(40,20) 300(40) + 250(20) 17000
(30,40) 300(30) + 250(40) 19000
(10,66) 300(10) + 250(66) 19500
From the table above, the vertices that give the maximum value are (10, 66).
Therefore, the best combination is 10 tables and 66 chairs.
(d) Maximum profit = 300(10) +250(66)
= K3000 + K16500
= K19, 500 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 110

 2. (a) (i) 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 10 (ii) 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 60 (iii) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 80 (iv) 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 2𝑥𝑥
(b) Refer to the graph for the feasible region.
(c) To find the number of bottles to be bought, we take the vertices where the inequalities
intersect in the feasible region
vertices 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 1.5𝑥𝑥 + 2.5𝑦𝑦 sum
(10,20) 1.5(10) + 2.5(20) 65
(10,60) 1.5(10) + 2.5(60) 165
(20,60) 1.5(20) + 2.5(60) 180
(26,63) 1.5(26) + 2.5(63) 171.5
From the table above, the vertices that give the maximum value are (20, 60).
Therefore, 20 small bottles and 60 large bottles should be bought to maximize
the profit.
(d) Maximum profit = 1.5(20) +2.5(60)
= K30 + K150
= K180 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 111

 3. (a) (i) 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 1 (ii) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 10 (iii) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 15 (iv) 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 2𝑥𝑥 (v) 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 12
(b) Refer to the graph below for the unshaded region.
(c) Get the coordinates at the intersection of the equations
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) 600𝑥𝑥 + 900𝑦𝑦 sum
(1, 9) 600(1) + 900(9) 8 700
(3.5, 7) 600(3.5) + 900(7) 8 400
(5, 10) 600(5) + 900(10) 12 000
(3, 12) 600(3) + 900(12) 12 600
(1, 12) 6000(1) + 900(12) 11 400
The coordinates that gives the maximum value are (3, 12) and so Kuunika should
build 3 single rooms and 12 double rooms.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 112

 4. (a) (i) 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 10 (ii) 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 20 (iii) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 80 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 3𝑥𝑥
(b) Refer to the graph for the unshaded region
(c) Take points at the corner points (10, 20), (10, 30), (60, 20) and (20, 60)

Points (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 80𝑥𝑥 + 50𝑦𝑦 sum

(10, 20) 80(10) + 5(50) 1800

(10, 30) 80(10) + 50(30) 2300

(60, 20) 80(60) + 50(20) 5800

(20, 60) 80(20) + 50(60) 3160

The point that gives the maximum value is (60, 20). Therefore, Mipando should
make 60 dining chairs and 20 garden chairs for maximize her profit.

(d) Maximum Profit = 80(60) + 50(20) = K 5, 800

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 113

 5

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 114

 6

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 115

 7.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 116

 8.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 117

 9.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 118

 TOPIC 16: STATISTICS

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (0×3)+(2×8)+(11×13)+(44×18)+(31×23)+(8×28)+(4×33)
1. (a) 𝑥𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓𝑓
= 100
2020
=
30

= 20.2 Ans
∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
SD = � ∑ 𝑓𝑓
− (𝑥𝑥̅ )2

(0×32 )+(2×82 )+(11×13 2 )+(44×18 2 )+(31×23 2 )+(8×28 2 )+(4×33 2 )

SD = � 100
− (20.2)2

43270
SD = � − (408.04)
100

SD =√432.7 − 408.04 = √24.66 = 4.965883607 = 4.97 Ans

(b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 119

 ∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 (2×12.5)+(3×17.5)+(3×22.5)+(5×27.5)+(6×32.5)+(6×37.5)+(3×42.5)+(2×47.5)
2. (a) 𝑥𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓𝑓
=
30
925
= = 30. 83333337 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖
30

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
∴ 𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒 = � ∑ 𝑓𝑓
− (𝑥𝑥̅ )2

(2×12.52 )+(3×17.52 )+(3×22.52 )+(5×27.52 )+(6×32.52 )+(6×37.52 )+(3×42.52 )+(2×47.52 )

=� − (𝑥𝑥̅ )2
30
31237 .5
=� − (30.83333337)2
30

= √1041.25 − 950.6944444
= √90.55555556
= 9.516068282
𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 Ans
(b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 120

 3. (a) The frequency distribution table.
class 𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
0 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 100 50 5 2500 250 12500
100 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 200 150 16 22500 2400 360000
200 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 300 250 17 62500 4250 1062500
300 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 400 350 17 122500 5950 2082500
400 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 500 450 14 202500 6300 283500
500 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 600 550 12 302500 6600 3630000
600 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 700 650 7 422500 4550 2957500
700 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 800 750 2 562500 1500 1125500
Totals � 𝑓𝑓 = 90 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 31800 � 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
= 14065000

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Mean (𝑥𝑥̅ ) = ∑ 𝑓𝑓
31800
=
90
= 353.3
∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
SD = � ∑ 𝑓𝑓
− ((𝑥𝑥̅ )2

140650000
SD =� − (353.3)2
90

SD = √156277.7778 − 124820.69
SD = √31456.8878
SD = 177.360697
SD = 177 Ans

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 121

 (b)

= K280

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 122

 4. (a) The frequency distribution table

𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
10 100 0 0 0
11 121 2 22 242
12 144 5 60 720
13 169 7 91 1183
14 196 8 112 1568
15 225 6 90 1350
16 256 2 32 512

� 𝑓𝑓 = 30 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 407 � 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2 = 5575

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
�) =
Mean (𝒙𝒙 ∑ 𝑓𝑓
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
=
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

= 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔
∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2
SD = � ∑ 𝑓𝑓
− (𝑥𝑥̅ )2

5575
SD = � − 13. 62
30

SD = √185.8333333 − 184.96
SD = √0.8733333333
SD = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 123

 (b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 124

 5. (a) Frequency distribution table
class 𝒙𝒙 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
10< 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 15 225 2 30 450
20 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 25 625 10 250 6250
30 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 40 35 1225 15 525 18375
40< 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50 45 2025 23 1035 46575
50 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 55 3025 30 1650 90750
60 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 70 65 4225 10 1650 42250
Totals � 𝒇𝒇 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 � 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 � 𝒇𝒇𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Mean 𝑥𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓𝑓

4140
=
90

= 46

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2
SD = � ∑ − (𝑥𝑥)2
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

204650
=� − (46)2
90

= √2273.888889 − 2116

= √157.8888889

SD = 12.57 Ans

Get your copy today and enjoy studying mathematics

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 125

 (b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 126

 6. (a)
𝒙𝒙 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
2 4 1 2 4
3 9 5 15 45
4 16 4 16 64
5 25 6 30 150
6 36 10 60 360
7 49 16 112 784
8 64 18 144 1152

� 𝒇𝒇 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 � 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 � 𝒇𝒇𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

∑ 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
Mean ( 𝒙𝒙
�) =
∑ 𝒇𝒇

𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
= 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

= 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
SD = � ∑ − (𝑥𝑥̅ )2
𝑓𝑓

2559
=� − (6.32)2
60

= √42.65 − 39.9424

= √2.7076

= 1.645478654

= 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 Ans

Hard work need to be appreciated.

Get your own copy direct from the Authors and avoid Piracy

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 127

 (b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 128

 7. (a)

Class marks 𝒙𝒙 𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 �)𝟐𝟐

(𝒙𝒙 − 𝒙𝒙 �)𝟐𝟐
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙 − 𝒙𝒙
0 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 5 2.5 13 32.5 83.7225 1088.39
5 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 7.5 27 205.5 17.2225 465.0
10 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 15 12.5 35 437.5 0.7225 25.29
15 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 17.5 16 280 34.2225 547.58
20 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 25 22.5 7 157.5 117.7225 824.06
25 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 27.5 2 55 251.2225 502.45

� 𝑓𝑓 = 100 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 1168 � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )2 = 3452.77

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
�=
𝒙𝒙 ∑ 𝑓𝑓
1165
=
100

= 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
∑ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥̅ )2
SD = � ∑ 𝑓𝑓

3452 .77
SD = �
100

SD = √34.5277
SD = 5 .87602757
SD = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 Ans

Great works are done not by hardworking, but by persistence and perseverance

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 129

(b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 130

 8. (a)
Class marks Midpoints Frequency 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2
(𝑥𝑥) (𝑓𝑓)

25 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 27.5 5 137.5 756.25 3781.25

30 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 35 32.5 4 130 1056.25 4225
35 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 40 37.5 7 262.5 1406.25 9843.75
40 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 45 42.5 11 467.5 1806.25 19868.75
45 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50 47.5 12 570 2256.25 27075
55 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 55 52.5 8 420 2756.25 22050
55 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 57.5 1 57.5 3306.25 3306.25
Totals � 𝑓𝑓 = 48 � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 2045 � 𝑓𝑓𝑥𝑥 2 = 90150

∑ 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
�) =
Mean (𝒙𝒙 ∑ 𝒇𝒇

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
=
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

= 42.60416667

= 42 .6

∑ fx 2
SD = �� ∑f
− (x�)2 �

90150
=� − (42.60416667)2
48

= √1878.125 − 1815.115017

= √63.00998264

= 7.937882755

SD = 7.94 Ans

Get your own copy direct from the Authors in Mufulira/Kitwe

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 131

 (b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 132

 9. (a)
Class marks 𝒙𝒙 𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 f𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
0 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 10 5 7 35 25 175
10 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 20 15 22 330 225 4950
20 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 30 25 28 700 625 17500
30 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 40 35 23 805 1225 28175
40 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 50 45 15 675 2025 30375
50 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 60 55 5 275 3025 15125

� 𝒇𝒇 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 � 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 � 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗

∑ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Mean, 𝑥𝑥̅ = ∑ 𝑓𝑓
2820
=
100

= 28.2

∑ 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 2
∴ 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = � − (𝑥𝑥̅ )2
∑ 𝑓𝑓

96300
SD = � − (28.2)2
100

SD = √963 − 795.24
SD = √167.76
SD = 12.95221989
SD = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 95 Ans

Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are really endless
“Mother Theresa”

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 133

 (b)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 134

 TOPIC 17: TRANSFORMATION

1. (a) When we prolong any two points (from the object and image) with straight lines, we see
that, the points intersect at (5, 6), hence the centre of enlargement is (5,6).
distance moved by image point (A 1 )from the centre
Scale factor 𝑘𝑘 =
distance moved by object point (A)from the centre
𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝒌𝒌 = = 𝟐𝟐. Ans
𝟑𝟑.𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(b) (i) Supposing that � � where, 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐, 𝑑𝑑 ∈ 𝑅𝑅 is the matrix, then
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 3 3 3 3
� �� �=� �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 2 4 −4 −8
3𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 = 3…………(i) 3𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑑𝑑 = −4……………. (iii)
3𝑎𝑎 + 4𝑏𝑏 = 3…………(ii) 3𝑐𝑐 + 4𝑑𝑑 = −8 ……………..(iv)
Solving equations (i) and (ii) simultaneously yields 𝑎𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏𝑏 = 0,
Likewise, solving equations (iii) and (iv) simultaneously yields 𝑐𝑐 = 0 and
𝑑𝑑 = −2.
𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
∴ � �=� � Ans
𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅 𝟎𝟎 −𝟐𝟐
Area of∆A 3 B 3 C 3
(ii) Area scale factor =
Area of ∆ABC
1
×2×4
= 21
×22
2
4
=
2

= 𝟐𝟐 Ans
(c) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A3 B3 C3 by a 90° clockwise rotation centre (3, 0).
(d) To find the coordinates of A4, B4 and C4, multiply the given matrix by the
coordinates of A, B and C
1 3 1 3 3 1 + 12 3 + 12 3+6
Thus, � �� �=� �
0 1 4 4 2 0+4 0+4 0+2
13 15 9
=� �
4 4 2
∴ 𝐀𝐀 𝟒𝟒 (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟒𝟒), 𝐁𝐁𝟒𝟒 (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟒𝟒) and 𝐂𝐂𝟒𝟒 (𝟗𝟗, 𝟐𝟐) Ans
2. (a) Triangle PQR is mapped onto triangle LMN by an anticlockwise rotation of 90° centre
the origin or by a clockwise rotation of 270° centre (0, 0).
(b) When we prolong any two points (from the object and image), we see that, the points
intersect at (0, 0), hence the centre of enlargement is (0, 0) or the origin.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 135

 distance moved by image point (C 1 )from the centre
Scale factor 𝑘𝑘 =
distance moved by object point (C)from the centre
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝒌𝒌 = = 𝟐𝟐. Ans
𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

(c) To find the coordinates of XYZ, multiply the given matrix by the coordinates of
1 0 −2 −4 −6 −2 + 0 −4 + 0 −6 + 0
PQR, i.e � �� �=� �
0 −3 1 4 2 0 − 3 0 − 12 0 − 6
−2 −4 −6
=� �
−3 −12 −6
∴ 𝐗𝐗(−𝟐𝟐, −𝟑𝟑), 𝐘𝐘(−𝟒𝟒, −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏) and 𝐙𝐙(−𝟔𝟔, −𝟔𝟔) Ans
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(d) (i) Supposing that � � , 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐, 𝑑𝑑 ∈ 𝑅𝑅 is the matrix that represents the shear,
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 −4 −2 4 10
� �� �=� �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 −4 −6 −4 −6
−4𝑎𝑎 − 4𝑏𝑏 = 4 ⇒ 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = −1 …(i) −4𝑐𝑐 − 4𝑑𝑑 = −4 ⟹ 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 1….. (iii)
−2𝑎𝑎 − 6𝑏𝑏 = 10 ⟹ 𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑏 = −5 …(ii) −2𝑐𝑐 − 6𝑑𝑑 = −6 ⇒ 𝑐𝑐 + 3𝑑𝑑 = 3 ….(iv)
Solving equation (i) and (ii) simultaneously yields 𝑎𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏𝑏 = −2, Likewise,
solving equations (iii) and (iv) simultaneously yields 𝑐𝑐 = 0 and 𝑑𝑑 = 1.
𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐𝟐
� �=� � Ans
𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
(ii) Shear factor 𝒌𝒌 = −𝟐𝟐 ans
3. (a) Refer to the graph for ∆𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀𝐀 and ∆𝐀𝐀𝟏𝟏 𝐁𝐁𝟏𝟏 𝐂𝐂𝟏𝟏
(b) ∆ABC is mapped onto ∆A1 B1 C1 by an anticlockwise rotation of 90° centre the origin
(c) (i) Refer to the graph for ∆𝐀𝐀𝟐𝟐 𝐁𝐁𝟐𝟐 𝐂𝐂𝟐𝟐
𝑂𝑂𝐴𝐴2 2
(ii) Scale factor K= = = 2. Now since the image and the object are on
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 1

opposite sides, the scale factor must be negative. Thus 𝑘𝑘 = −2

(d) (i) To get the coordinates of ∆A3 B3 C3 multiply the given matrix by the
coordinates of ∆ ABC
2 0 1 1 3 2 2 6
� �� �=� �.
0 1 1 3 3 1 3 3
Thus the coordinates of ∆A3 B3 C3 are A3 (2,1 ), B3 (2,3) and C3 (6,3)
(ii) Refer to the graph for ∆A3 B3 C3 .
(e) (i) Refer to the graph for ∆A4 B4 C4
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(ii) Let the matrix be � �, then get any corresponding point on the object
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 1 1 1 1
and the image. � �� �=� �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 1 3 −2 0
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = 1 ……………… (i) 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = −2 …….. (iii)

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 136

 𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑏𝑏 = 1 …………….. (ii) 𝑐𝑐 + 3𝑑𝑑 = 0 ……… (iv)
Solving (i) and (ii), we have 𝑎𝑎 = 1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = 0. Also solving for (iii)and (iv) we
have 𝑐𝑐 = −3 and 𝑑𝑑 = 1 and so the matrix is
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 1 0
. � �= � �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 −3 1

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 137

 4. (a) (i) Centre of enlargement the origin, (0,0)
OB 1 4
(ii) Scale factor 𝑘𝑘 = OB
= − = −2
2

(b) ∆ABC is mapped onto triangle ∆A2 B2 C2 by 90° clockwise rotation centre (0, 0)
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(c) (i) Let the matrix be � �, then picking two corresponding points on the
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
object and image, we have.
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 2 2 −4 −4
� �� �=� �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 2 0 2 0
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = −𝟒𝟒 ………..(i) 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐……………….(iii)
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = −𝟒𝟒 ……………..(ii) 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎 ………………….(iv)
Solving equ (i) and (ii), we have 𝑎𝑎 = −2 and 𝑏𝑏 = 0. Similarly solving (iii)
and (iv) we have 𝑐𝑐 = 0 and 𝑑𝑑 = 1.
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 −2 0
Thus the matrix is � �=� �.
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 0 1
(ii) Comparing the standard matrix for a stretch with y-axis invariant line
𝑘𝑘 0 −2 0
� � and � �, we have 𝑘𝑘 = −2.
0 1 0 1
(d) To find the coordinates of ∆A 4 B4 C4 , we multiply the given matrix by the
coordinates of ∆ABC. i.e
1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
� �� �=� �
2 1 2 0 1 6 4 5
Therefore, the coordinates of ∆A4 B4 C4 are A4 (2, 6), B4 (2, 4) and C4 (2, 5).
5. (a) It is a clockwise rotation of 90° about the origin.
(b) It is an enlargement, centre (0, 0) and scale factor 2
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(c) Let the matrix be � �, then pick any two coordinates of P which corresponds to V and
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
form four equations as follows:
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 2 4 −4 −8
� �� �=� �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 1 1 1 1
2𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = −4 …………………….(i) 2𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 1……………….(iii)
4𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = −8 ……………………(ii) 4𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 1………………….(iv)
Solving these equations (i) and (ii) simultaneously, we have 𝑎𝑎 = −2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = 0
Similarly solving equations (iii) and (iv) we have 𝑐𝑐 = 0 and 𝑑𝑑 = 1
∴ the required matrix is
𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 −𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎
� �=� �
𝒄𝒄 𝒅𝒅 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
(d) To find the coordinates of S, we need multiply the given matrix by the coordinates of P.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 138

 1 0 2 2 4 2+0 2+0 4+0 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒
� �� �=� �=� �
−2 1 1 4 1 −4 + 1 −4 + 4 −8 + 1 −𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 −𝟕𝟕

There the coordinates of S are (𝟐𝟐, −𝟑𝟑), (𝟐𝟐, 𝟎𝟎)and (𝟒𝟒, −𝟕𝟕)

6.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 139

 7.

8.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 140

 8.

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 141

 9. (a) (i) To find the centre of enlargement, join any corresponding two points of the object
and the image, the intersection point is the centre of enlargement.
∴ the centre of enlargement is (1, 2) Ans
3.2
(ii) Scale factor = = 𝟐𝟐 Ans
1.6
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
(b) Let the matrix be � �, then
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 1 3 1 3
� �� �=� �
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 4 4 1 5
𝑎𝑎 + 4𝑏𝑏 = 1 …………….(i) 𝑐𝑐 + 4𝑑𝑑 = 1 …………………..(iii)
3𝑎𝑎 + 4𝑏𝑏 = 3 …………….(ii) 3𝑐𝑐 + 4𝑑𝑑 = 5…………………..(iv)
Solving the equations (i) and (ii) simultaneously yields 𝑎𝑎 = 1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = 0.
1
Similarly solving equations (iii) and (iv) simultaneously yields 𝑐𝑐 = 2 and 𝑑𝑑 = −
4

𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
∴ the required matrix is � � = �𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏� Ans
𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 𝟒𝟒

(c) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle 𝐀𝐀𝟑𝟑 𝐁𝐁𝟑𝟑 𝐂𝐂𝟑𝟑 by an anticlockwise rotation of 90° about (0,
0) or by a clockwise rotation of 270° about (0, 0).
𝑘𝑘 0 −3 0
(d) (i) Comparing the matrices � � and � �, we have 𝑘𝑘 = −3
0 1 0 1
∴ the scale factor of this transformation is 𝒌𝒌 = −𝟑𝟑 Ans
(ii) To find the coordinates of A4, B4 and C4 (image) we need to multiply the given matrix
with the coordinates of triangle ABC (object)
−3 0 1 3 1
� �� �
0 1 4 4 5
−3 + 0 −9 + 0 −3 + 0
� �
0+4 0+4 0+5
−3 −9 −3
� �
4 4 5
∴ the coordinates of 𝐀𝐀 𝟒𝟒, 𝐁𝐁𝟒𝟒 and 𝐂𝐂𝟒𝟒 are (−𝟑𝟑, 𝟒𝟒), (−𝟗𝟗, 𝟒𝟒) and (−𝟑𝟑, 𝟓𝟓)

THE END
ALL THE QUESTIONS ARE SOLVED BY KACHAMA DICKSON C
COPPERBELT - MUFULIRA
Why should you fail mathematics when success is guaranteed?
THANK YOU FOR STUDYING HIGH STANDARDS IN MATHEMATICS

Compiled and solved by Kachama Dickson. C/High Standards in Mathematics/2021 142