DILLA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL

SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

THE EFFECTIVE OF NUTRITION PROVISION FOR THE

PERFORMANCE OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN PARTICULAR
DILLA KENEMA FOOTBALL CLUB

BY
MOHAMMED ABDLWHAB

ADVISOR
WONDWOSEN MELESE (MSC)

JUNE, 2018

DILLA, ETHIOPIA

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APPROVED BY

NAME SIGNITURE
ADVIYSOR_________

DATE _________
____________ ______

_______ __________

EXAMINE

_________

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 Acknowledgment
Before all we would like to express our deepest thanks for this
almighty God without whose job our work would have been nothing.
Next we would like to say thanks to our families, who were and will
not be apart from our life and learning and have the players share in
our research by providing the necessary expenses whenever we have
asked them. Our deepest appreciation also goes to our advisor
WONDWOSEN MELESE (MSC) for his valuable comments to prepare our
senior research project.

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 Table of content
Content page
Chapter one: Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………………………………………….1

1.2 Statement of Problem…………………………………………………………………………..2
1.3 Hypothesis of the Study…………………………………………………………………………3
1.4 Objective of the Study……………………………………………………………………………4
1.4.1 General Objective……………………………………………………………………………4
1.4.2 Specific Objective………………………………………………………….…………………4
1.5 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………………..4
1.6 Delimitation of the Study……………………………………………………………………….5
1.7 Limitation of the study…………………………………………………………………………..
1.8 Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………………………………….5
Chapter two: Literature Review

2.1 Definition of Nutrition

……………………………………………………………………….7

2.2 Component of
Nutrition……………………………………………………………………..7

2.2.1
Carbohydrates…………………………………………………………………………
………7

2.2.2
Protection………………………………………………………………………………
………..8

2.2.3
Fats……………………………………………………………………………………
…………….8

2.2.4
Vitamins………………………………………………………………………………
………….9

2.2.5
Minerals…………………………………………………………………………………
……….9

2.2.6
Water……………………………………………………………………………………
………..10

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2.3 Nutrition and Performance of football
players…………………………………….10

2.4 Nutritional Systems for

footballers……………………………………………………..11

2.4.1 Carbohydrates for

footballer……………………………………………………………11

2.4.2 Proteins football

players………………………………………………………………….12

2.4.3 Vitamins for football

players……………………………………………………………13

2.4.4 Minerals for football

players…………………………………………………………….13

2.4.5 Water (fluids) to football

players………………………………………………………14

2.5 Diet and

Recovery…………………………………………………………………………….…
15

Chapter three: Metrology

3.1 Design of the

Study………………………………………………………………………………17

3.2 Sample of the

study……………………………………………………………………………..17

3.3 Sampling Techniques

………………………………………………………………………….17

3.4 Study
Area……………………………………………………………………………………
……..18

3.5 Source of Data

…………………………………………………………………………………….18

3.6 Data
Collection………………………………………………………………………………
…….18

3.7 Data
Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………
……18

Chapter four: Result and Discussion

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4.1
Result……………………………………………………………………………………
…………….19

4.2
Discussions……………………………………………………………………………
……………24

Chapter five: Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1
Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………
……………26

5.2
recommendations………………………………………………………………………
………..27

Reference
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……..

Appendix
A………………………………………………………………………………………
………

Appendix B………………………..

Table of list

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Table 1: Balanced
diet……………………………………………………………………..19
Table 2: Classification of the nutrients
carbohydrates………………………20
Table 3: Classification of
nutrients…………………………………………………...20
Table 4: Intake and expenditure
energy……………………………………………20
Table 5: Intake of necessary
food…………………………………………………….21
Table 6: Mealing system at the time of
competitions………………………….21
Table 7: Mealing system before and after the
game……………………………22
Table 8: Mealing
program…………………………………………………………………22
Table 9: Importance of nutrition to the effectiveness of the club…………
22
Table 10: Provision of
protein……………………………………………………………23
Table 11: Comfortably of nutrition
program………………………………………23
Table 12: Sufficient budget and manpower of the
club………………………..24
Table 13: Advice of food
experts…………………………………………………………24

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 Abstract
The researcher entitled “the effect of nutrition for the performance
of football players (in particular in dilla kenema football club) tries to
show and solve the major effect of nutrition for the performance of the
players of dilla kenema football club and the effect of lack of enough
nutrition and its impact in lowering the performance of players. The
findings of this study will provide the provision of nutrition and
developing the supplement of nutrition within the expenditure of energy
that is emitted by the football players of the selected club. The study
used in its research design uses random sampling techniques in which
about 23 players are selected randomly from the total of the selected
club. The instrument of data collection used was questionnaire
prepared in English and translated in to Amharic and distributed the
Amharic as well as the English version of it to overcome language
barriers. According to the findings of the study the effect of nutrition, the
better they will enhance the quality of performance. So the concerned
bodies should provide financial and researching measures to reduce the
shortage of nutrition in the club.

Key terms: dilla kenema, Nutrition

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 CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study

The body needs nutrition for various purposes. It provides the necessary
materials to cells and organs in the form of energy. It is basically comprised of
carbohydrates, protein, fat and vitamins plus, water and minerals. Which if taken
properly and systematically, amount to taking of “balanced diet”
http://www.brainmac.co.uk/football/nutrition.htm?

Nutrition’s are particularly cornerstone for the performance and success of a

person who regularly exercise sporting activities. Various types of sporting activities
need various nutrition contents which should be determined by proper and systematic
researches by the concerned experts. Sherry E. and bokor D (1997

One of these sporting activities which highly depend up on the need of

nutrition for its effective performance and success of the person who regularly
engaged in it is “football”. In this field of sport players are expected to be efficient
and effective in strength flexibility endurance, speed and necessary team sprite which
usually come out of high morale and energy. To achieve these goals players need
systematic and balanced diet before, during and after training, competitions and other
exercises that are relevant for their effective and efficient performance. For these
reasons the club that holds these players is expected to supply, control and
systematically program and allocates the nutrition’s necessary for the concerned
players. Ira qwolinsky and Judy A. driskell 2008 sports (nutrition energy)

The nutrition provision on the other hand is dependent upon the budget and
manpower constraints of the club, on its expertise, management and leadership, the
attitude of the players themselves towards nutrition, and the coach specifically whose

9
determination are decisive for the making of a perfect team. Be this as it may the Dilla
kenema football club is which was established in 1981 at Dilla city.

. Due to many problems the players of the club seem to be developing their potential
amongst which nutritional problems takes the lion’s share. It is known that nutrition is

10
basic for these players to increase their capacity for the performance of exercises that
are necessary for the sport. Hence, it is balanced diet that is optimal to facilitate their
cells, tissues, organs and energy which is decisive to developed their potential for
their performance in the club and the club should have given warm eye.

According to I raw Olin sky and Judy A. Driskell (2002) nutrition is the provision to
cell and organisms in the form of food to support life. It is concerned with the type
and quantity of fluid and food taken by an athlete and deals with nutrients, such as
vitamins, minerals, supplements and organic substances like carbohydrates, protein
and fats.

Jackson. R (2000), also explains in his book that nutrition for footballers are more
important than for the persons who are not engaging in any kinds of sports. Because
person who engage in sport use more expenditure of energy during training and
competitions, the total intake calorie of the trainees must be higher than the
percentage of non-trainees. This shows that nutrient adequacy for the better
achievement of the goals of the football player must be given emphasis and the club
in question must work hard in the nutrition staffs.

1.2. Statement of the problem

The purpose of nutrition is to generate the necessary energy for our body, to
build players body in the courses of injury, to protect players from diseases.
Especially, it is decisive for footballers who engage regularly in training and
computations of the players. Thus, the success of football player is dependent upon
the value that the player in question attaches to nutrition. To mean that “Nutrition
must be player and balanced” Taking the significance and contribution of nutrition to
the football players, most clubs developed a periodic and balanced diet system. Most
of the club’s football players get law level of nutrition after training, before training
and during games, even if they eat 3 times per day. There are many questions and
problems that are behind this which the researcher is interested to deal with the
following questions:

1. To what extent nutrition affect the success for the Dilla Kenema football
player

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 2. What are the basic contribution of nutrition to the performance of the football
players of Dilla Kenema players
3. What are the basic challenges that hinder the players from providing sufficient
nutrition for them
4.

1.4. Objectives of the study

1.4.1. General objective
The general objective of this researcher is to assess major factor that affect the
performance of The effective provision of nutrition for the performance of football
players in particular Dilla kenema football club.

1.4.2 Specific objectives

The following specific objectives come from general objective:

1. To identify factors that hinder the performance of Dilla kenema football club
players in relation to nutrition.
2. Evaluate and identify the effect of nutrition for the performance of Dilla
kenema football club players?
3. Point out to what extent the board of the club facilitates adequate system of
nutrition
4. Solutions and recommendations for the given problems.

1.5 Significance of the study

The success of a certain football club depends, among other factors upon the physical
endurance and strength of the players. A football player will be effective when they
are able to win opponent team technically and technically and if they are able to win
most of their games on a given schedule.

Behind this and other success of the club and players the provision of balanced diet
and nutrition consumption by players takes greater share of the success. If the player
of the club takes balanced nutrition in and after training, during games and other
endurance exercises, the return would be undoubtedly highly, so as to achieve the
goals of the players.

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 The researchers would have this in mind sketches the following significance for the
study:

1. The study has main significance to investigate the nutritional problem of Dilla
kenema football club players.
2. To assess the nutritional factors which hinder the performance of the players?
3. It will address the review of related literatures on the effect of nutrition on the
performance of football players.

1.6 Delimitation of the study (scope of the study)

The scope of this study would delimit to Dilla kenema football players .

The researcher would rational for selected this club to be subject of had study because
he would had watched the game of this football and observe problems which were
attachable to nutrition.

Additionally time, money, access of transpiration and topography constraints hinders

him to conducts study intensively in all football clubs. From 29 populations means 27
player,1 coach and 1assistance coach by taking 23 players randomly and both coaches
purposively.

1.6 Limitation of the study

The limitations or a challenge was faced the researcher to conduct these researches
is:-
- Shortage of budget
- Lack of target response to the questions from respondent
- lack time
- Lack of internet access

1.7 Definition of important terms

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Nutrition

Coach:-means the person (s) employed to manage the Dilla kenema football club
permanently or temporarily either on contractual or non-contractual basis. It includes
both the principal coach and the assistant coach.

players:- in this study football players means all football players employed to play
football for a certain club whose purpose is to play football in a given tournaments of
the league of the country. Participating it includes Dilla kenema football club players
who played permanently of temporarily.

Performance: - means sporting activities that are necessary for the achievement of
the objectives of a certain club and done by football players on regular basis. It
includes training competitions and other racing by the club in a given season.

CHAPTER TWO
2. REVIEW OF RERATED LITERATURE
2.1. Definition of nutrition
Nutrition is the provision to cells and organisms, of materials necessary in the
form of food. It is associated with taking in foods that your body needs to remain
healthy. Nutrition is the science of food and determining what nutrients are in
different products. It also determines how our body ingests digests, absorbs,
metabolizes, transports, stores and excretes different food products to determine what
overall effect these nutrients have on the body. Nutritional scientists also study the
environment, psychology, and behavioral that is associated with eating and how these

14
factors plays a role in how the body processes food and which foods people choose to
consume.

Nutrition is the sum total processes involve in the taking in and utilization of food
substances by which growth, repair and maintenance of the body accomplished.
(Benjamin c. 2005).

2.2. Components of nutrition

Nutrition is composed of many basic components which includes mainly

carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, fats, and water (Jackson R, 200)

2.2.1 Carbohydrates

There are two key forms of carbohydrates; simply sugar and starch or complex
sugar. Simple sugars are carbohydrates which are found in refined sugars and provide
a sweet taste. Simple sugar is naturally found in milk products, fruits and vegetables
but can also be added to foods using white sugar, brown sugar and molasses. Complex
carbohydrates (starches) can be found from grains, bread, pasta and rice.

The carbohydrates consumed are then converted in to glucose and which will be
delivered to cells for energy generating purpose. A dietary carbohydrate (CHO)
provides the best source of energy for physical activities of sports man. A high
carbohydrate in take is needed to provide adequate energy for optimal performance of
sporting activities. Drinking carbohydrates containing solutions immediately before
and during exercise improve endurance capacity and performance (Sheller G.L 1981)

2.2.2. Proteins
The body requires plenty of protein to help maintain muscles and provide the
body with long term energy. Sufficient protein is needed for muscle maintenance and
tissues repair and production of antibodies for fight infections. Two to three servings
of protein are often recommended per day. Protein is usually referred to meat sources.
But it can also be found from vegetables sources like tofu, eggs or beans.

15
After broken down in to amino acids by the digestive system the amino acids are then
used for building and repairing muscles and other tissues. It may also be used as a
source of energy if there is not sufficient carbohydrate is available. Jackson R, 2000,
sport medicine manual, Harford enterprise.

2.2.3. Fats
Fats are essential components of any diet as it helps the body to absorb nutrients as
well as being a great source of energy which provides the body with fatty acids that
are unable to be manufactured independently (in our body). Thought fats are
important we should attempt to monitor how mach of them we are eating as large
amounts could lead to excess weight gain and could subsequently result in an
increased risk of serious health concerns such as heart disease and high blood
pressure.

Fast are composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids are
commonly found in animal products and processed foods such as meat, dairy and
chips. Unsaturated fatty acids on the other hand are found in foods such as avocados,
olives, nuts and oily fish. Compared to protein and carbohydrates each gram of fat
provides more than twice the amount of calories (9 kilo calories per gram).
http://www.brainmac.co.uk/football/nutrition.htm.

2.2.4. Vitamins
Vitamins help to regulate chemical reactions in the body. There are about 13
vitamins that are found necessary from our body. Since vitamins cannot be made in
the bodies we smut obtain them for nutrition. Vitamins are not sources of energy like
carbohydrates. Vitamins are important for normal metabolism, growth, development,
and regulation of cells function. They work together with enzymes and other
substances that are necessary for health life. They are basically needed to prevent
infection and blood clotting.

2.2.5. Minerals
There are different types of minerals which are essential for our body.

Among these calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc have peculiar importance.
Calcium and magnesium are important for bone structure and strength, iron is needed

16
for our red blood cells to transport oxygen. The deficiency of iron in our blood causes
a disease called amnesia. Iron is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells
that helps transport oxygen through blood. Inadequate iron stores can result in fatigue,
loss of performance of exercise and amnesia. Thus, sufficient nutrition developed
with iron should be consumed especially by sports man. The best sources of iron
include red meat, chicken, fish eggs, cereals and cabbages and legumes.
http://www.brainmac.co.uk/football/nutrition.htm.

2.2.6 Waters
What is the main component of our blood? Water helps to control body
temperature, carrier’s nutrients and waste from our cells and its needed four our cells
to function well. It should be taken more in hot weather or during physical activities.
Water also hydrates our body without the need of extra calories.
http://www.brainmac.co.uk/football/nutrition.htm.

2.3. Nutrition and performance of football players

A key priority for footballers is to establish a well chosen tracing diet that can be
easily manipulated when specialist uations emerge, for example, changes to training
load, enhancing body compositions etc … a good diet provides adequate nutrients and
energy to enhance adaptations from training, to support optimal recovery and avoid
excessive food related problems and stress. Heavily training increases the need for
nutrients, particularly carbohydrates, protein and micro nutrients (vitamins and
minerals). These increased requirements are usually met when the footballer
consumes a diet that:

 Provides adequate total energy (Kilo Jules)

 Balances carbohydrate intake with daily excessive loads.
 Includes a wide variety of nutrient rich foods that includes.

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Optimal performance during training and competitions is achieved by targeting the
factors that otherwise cause fatigue or reduction in work output and skill. Eating
strategies should be undertaken to avoid or reduce the impact of these problems.
Competition preparation involves continuing with everyday eating practices in the
days leading up to the event and then following special eating strategies on
competition days. Any meal should be digested at least three or four hours before the
event for two reasons. Firstly, digestion requires routing the blood supply to digestive
track to pick up nutrients. Secondly insulin level should be back to normal so that they
will not oppose fuel release.

In general, a diet high in carbohydrates, however, adequate in protein, vitamins and

minerals and low in fat is needed for the footballer to achieve the necessary level of
nutrient for his performance.

The substance that contributes in providing energy or macro-nutrients are

carbohydrate, protein and fats, substances that supports metabolism or micro nutrients
are vitamin, minerals and other essential nutrients like amino acids. The macro
nutrients have role to footballers in meeting of energy demand of training and
cooption and to maintain body weight player’s competition and to maintain body
weight of players, players.

However, energy requirements are determined by the footballer’s basic metabolism

that is related to the age, gender and body composition that include their managers
and physical activities that are related to exercise and volume.

Sherry E. and bokor D (1997), sport medicine problems and practice management
oxford university press.

2.4 Nutritional systems for footballers

2.4.1 Carbohydrates for footballers
Carbohydrates provide a major for exercise, especially during prolonged and
continuous exercise or high intensively work. The body has a limited capacity to store
Carbohydrates (as glycogen) in muscles and liver and stores must be replenished
regularly to support training. Low body stores of Carbohydrates can result in fatigue,

18
impairment of performance at the time of training or competitions. Carbohydrates
provide about 4 kilo calories program.

Carbohydrate requirements are largely influenced by training loads and the demands
of competitions. Given this daily Carbohydrate in take should reflect daily exercise
levels. On high actively days, carbohydrate intake need to be increased to facilitate
optional exercise. Performance and promote recovery between exercise sessions.

In the first few hours after exercise simple Carbohydrate can be used to rebuild sugar
levels (glycol stores) at faster rates. However, after 24 hours there is no difference in
the two types of Carbohydrate (starch and simple sugar). Complex Carbohydrates
(starches) have higher nutritional values as they also contain minerals; vitamins and
fiber and therefore, this Carbohydrate should be preferred for the player. It is
important that a player’s diet consists of a high proportion of carbohydrates. Hence, to
increase a daily intake of carbohydrates the player must:

 Eat a large proportion of potatoes, pasta, and rice with a hot meal.
 Eat a large portion of vegetables boiled or raw vegetables as snacks between
meals and as a supplement to lunch.
 Eat a lot of brad cut thick slice made sandwiches.
 Dirking a concentrated glucose solution towards the end of prolonged cycling
also delays fatigue and so improves endurance capacity of the player.

Ira qwolinsky and Judy A. driskell 2008 sports (nutrition energy) metabolism and
exercise, javlor and Francis group croc press.

2.4.2. Proteins for football players

Protein is needed to support the repair of damaged body tissues and the
rebuilding of new proteins in response to the training stimulus. Endurance exercise
undertaking in heavy training may requires extra protein to cover appropriation of the
energy costs of their training for repair and vegetable recovery after work out. Protein
can be found in eggs, milk, meat, fish and vegetable and grain proteins.

Birch et.al 2005 sport and exercise physiology, instant notes.

Garland science BIOs scientific publisher.

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 2.4.3. Vitamins for football players

Vitamins are essential for the players for triggering energy yielding nutrients
and other functions that support exercise like vitamins including:

 Vitamin B6 for building of muscle protein

 Vitamin B12 for building red blood cells to carry oxygen
 Vitamin C for collagen for motion for joint and other its susintegrity and
hormone synthesis.
 Vitamin D, and vitamin A, for building of bone structure contraction of
nerve transmission.

Shaver g...l. (1981), essential of exercise physiology

2.4.4. Minerals for football players

Footballers need to have efficient transportation of oxygen to their cells

strength of their bones and muscles. Some of the important minerals to achieve these
goals include iron, calcium and magnesium. Regular and strenuous exercise may
result in an increased dietary requirement for certain minerals. However, if the daily
energy in take is high and well chosen is consumed, supplementation is not
necessarily, unless specific deficiency is identified.

Iron can be found from animal organs like liver, heart and lungs dried fruits, breads,
huts and strawberries. Calcium can be found in dairy products, in calcium developed
foods like soya milk, bread and juice, fish with bones, green leafy vegetables and
nuts.

Minerals are very important for the player that the deficiency of some of them could
lead to disease. These includes sport anemia which develops on a person who takes
vigorous exercise. Player anemia on the other hand occurs in high age player and
must be treated with iron supplement.

20
During strenuous exercise, weak bones can develop stress fractures. Contributors to
this illness are unbalanced muscle developments. Adequate calcium intake and
reduced exercise with proper muscle development and high calcium and magnesium
rich in take helps to maintain bone integrity and proper mussel growth.

Guy tonic. A and Hall j. 2006, text book of medical physiology. Levier publication.

2.4.5. Water (fluids) to football players

Fluid is crucial to exercise of football sport and should be provided before,
during and after training and competitions. Heat stoke is dangerous condition caused
by fluid loss that in habits the body’s cooling system. So fluids are important before
competition to avoid lack of fluid in the body. Electrolytes are lost during exercise,
but don’t require replacement during activity.

Cold water is best for exercising body especially in warm weather it is optimal
beverage for replacing fluids because it leaves the digestive track and enters in the
tissue faster than too hot water, and then it cools the body. It also carries out waste
and electrolytes that are charged minerals, sodium, potassium, magnesium and
chloride and are lost from the body in the form of sweet. The exertion of some of the
waste products of the body’s metabolism and the regulation of the body’s water and
electrolyte balance are the primary functions of kidneys. Under normal conditions the
osmolarity of extra cellular fluids is maintained within narrow limits. This is strongly
influenced by sodium concentration.

Finally, the following sample nutrition system per day is ideal for certain football
player.

Breakfast:-four slices of bread with jam, two whole meal bread rolls with a little
butter and jam and yoghurt. Fluids like two cups of tea (without sugar).

Lunch:-four slices of whole meal bread with a small amounts of butter, one egg, two
tomatoes, two packets of raisins, two bananas and a bowl of salad. Fluids are like 3
glasses of skimmed milk and one cup of coffee (without sugar).

Dinner:-one bowl of apagheti with meat (beef), half an onion, on thin of skimmed
tomato. Fluids like two glasses of skimmed milk. Therefore, these three main meals
provide an energy intake of about 80% of daily intake of food which is 63% of

21
carbohydrate. Physical demands of football are sufficiently high to require high rate
of energy production. Hence players should pay particular attention to this aspect of
their diet. For the player it is recommended a dietary proportion of 65%
carbohydrates, 20% fat and 15% protein. http://www.foodpyramid.com/6-
exentialprutroets/.

2.5 Diet and recovery

Recovery from exercise is not a passive process; Tissues undergo repair and
reproduction, fluid balance is restored and energy stores are remanded. Carbohydrate
replacement is one of the most important events during recovery. The muscle cell
membrane is more permeable to glucose immediately after exercise before exercise.

Post exercise recovery is an important challenge for many footballers. Optimal

recovery can enhance adaptations to training and help prepare for the next workout. In
competitions involving a series of games recovery is important for better performance
in the subsequent gam4es. Recovery nutrition system incorporates.

 Restoring muscle and liver glycogen stores.

 Repair, regeneration and adaptation of muscle tissue following the damage
caused by exercise.
 Rehydration and replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost in sweat
Add more effects of nutrition for players

CHAPTER THREE

22
 3. METHODOLOGY
2.4. Design of the study
The researcher of this paper would be use a descriptive survey
method in the process of conducting this study, because the
study was conducted based on the information which gather by
questionnaire and interview from the sample. The researcher
also believed that the method is collect faithfully and the
relevant information from club members of Dilla kenema male
football club.

3.2 Study area

Dilla city is in the southern nations, nationalities and people’s regional state in Gideon
Zone. It is far 365km from Addis Ababa and 90km from SNNPR central city
Hawassa. It has own male football club which was established in 1981 at Dilla city.

3.3 Study population

This study was focus on Dilla kenema football club. In this club there are totally 29
populations from this 27 are trainer, 1 is coach and 1 is assistance coach.

3.4. Sampling technique and sample size

In Dilla kenema football club there are total of 29 players, 1 coach, and 1 assistance
coach. From those the researcher was taken 23 players, the coach as a sample by
using random sampling technique.

3.5 Source of data

Primary source of the study was used in order to get enough information about
players in Dilla kenema football club, like: coach And secondary source of data
through publish and unpublished document.

3.6. Data collection instrument

In order to collect relive information different data collect instrument were used such
as observation with checklist questioners and interview and it flow survey type of
descriptive method.

Questionnaires

23
This type of data collection method was included or contained both opened-end and
closed-end questions. The questionnaires would prepare for the players.

Interview

Interview would one the major instrument employ in this study. Structured interview
would used in order to strength and cross check the response made by the respondent
through questionnaires. This interview would prepare for coach.

Observation

The observation with checklist would intend to observe the present of suitable

environment during there training program mess.

3.8 Data analyzing method

After the data collected from primary sources, it was analyzed by two ways. The first
one is by using quantitative method, in which the findings are illustrated in tables and
the percentage was interpreted. The second, one is using qualitative method, in which
the personal opinion of the respondent was present and analyzed thematically
additional to this its interpretation is by word.

24
 CHAPTER FOUR
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Result
The data collected by the researcher using open ended and close ended
questionnaires from 23 football players of Dilla kenema football club are analyzed
and interpreted as follows. The researcher used thirteen tables to show the results
systematically and put the percentage in relation to number of respondents.

Table 1: Balanced diet

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you believe eating variety of

foods day to day is better than
1
eating only one kind of food?

Yes 22 95.7%

No 1 4.3%

Total 23 100%

As it is indicated in the above table about 95.7% (22)of the respondents argued that
taking different kinds of food has a great significance than taking similarly item of
foods day to day, while 4.3%(1) of the 23 selected players said no to the importance
of taking variety of foods.

Table 2: Classification of the nutrients carbohydrates

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you think that eating

carbohydrate foods has special
2
advantage to you?

25
 High 20 86.95%

Medium 3 13.09%

Less

Total 23 100%

As the above table indicates the 86.95 %( 20) of 23 players selected from the club
think that eating carbohydrate foods has high advantage to them. On the other hand
13.09 %( 3) of the selected players think it has medium advantage to them.

Table 3: Classification of nutrients

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you know the importance of

the six types of nutrients?

Yes 17 73.91%
3
No 6 26.08%

Total 23 100%

According to the above table 3, item number 73.91%(17) of the selected football
players of the club knows the six types of nutrients, while 26.08%(6) of the sample
players don’t known the six types of nutrient.

Table 4: Intake and expenditure energy

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Is the food you take

proportional to the
energy you invest?
4
Yes 14 60.84%

26
 No 9 39.16%

Total 23 100%

In the above table 4, item number 60.84% (14)of the 23 players of Dilla kenema
football club replied that the food they take is proportional to the expenditure of the
energy. And 39.16%(9) of the 23 players of the club hold that the food they take is not
proportional to the energy they invest.

Table 5: Intake of necessary food

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you get the type of food you

need?
5
Yes 13 56.54%

No 10 43.46%

Total 23 100%

In the above table 5, item number 5.6.54 %( 13) of the selected 23 players of the club
replied that they get the types of food they need. While 43.46 %( 10) of the 23 players
said that they don’t get the food they need.

Table 6: Mealing system at the time of competitions

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you get the food that is

sufficient for games at the time of
competitions?

Always 11 47.85%

27
6

Sometimes 12 52.15%

Never

Total 23 100%

In the above table 6, it is indicated that 47.85% (11)of the 23 selected players of the
club always that they get the food that is sufficient for games at the time of
competition. While 52.15 %( 12) of the 23 players selected sometimes that get
sufficient food at the time of competition.

Table 7: Mealing system before and after the game

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

If your system of nutrition similar

before the game, during games
and after games?
7
Yes 11 42.85%

No 12 52.15%

Total 23 100%

Table 7, indicated that 42.85%(1) of the 23 players selected argues that the system of
nutrition is similar before the game, during games and after games. While 52.15
%(12) of them replied that it is not similar.

Table 8: Mealing program

No Item

Is your system of nutrition done in

time?

Strongly Agree 9 39.13%

28
8 Agree 13 56.54%

Strongly Disagree 1 4.34%

Disagree

Total 23 100%

In the above table 8, 39.13 %( 9) of the 23 players selected replied that system
strongly agree of nutrition is done in time. 56.54 %( 13) of the players selected
replied that system agree of nutrition is done in time. And4.34%(1) held that it is not
done in time.

Table 9: Importance of nutrition to the effectiveness of the club

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you believe that the system of

your nutrition has importance to
9
the effectiveness of the club?

Yes 15 65.21%

No 8 34.78%

Total 23 100%

As table 9, of item 9 indicates 65.21 %( 15) of the selected 23 players believed that
their system of nutrition has importance to the effectiveness of the club. While 34.78
%( 8) of the players selected argued that their system of nutrition has no importance
to the club’s effectiveness.

Table 10: Provision of protein

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

29
 respondents

Does the club provide you the

necessary amount of protein nutrient
at the time of injury?

High 2 8.69%
10
Medium 8 34.77%

Less 13 56.54%

Total 23 100%

Table 10, indicates that 8.69 %(2) of the 23 players selected responds that the club
provides them the necessary amount of protein nutrient at the time of
injury.34.77%(8) of the 23 players selected response that the club provide medium
amount of protein nutrient at the time of injury. While 56.54%(13) of the 23
respondents respond that the club doesn’t provided them the necessary amount of
protein nutrient at the time of injury

Table 11: Comfortably of nutrition program

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Is the nutrition program

comfortable for you?

Strongly Agree 9 39.13%

11
Agree 13 56.52%

Strongly Disagree 1 4.34%

Disagree

Total 23 100%

Table 11, indicates that among 23 respondents 39.13 %( 9) of them strongly argued
that the nutrition program of the club is comfortable for them. The nutrition of club

30
56.52% (13)is agree comfortable for them While 4.34% (1)of respondents selected
replied Strongly disagree it is not comfortable for them.

Table 12: Sufficient budget and manpower of the club

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Does the club provide sufficient

budget and man power for
nutrition provision?

High 7 30.43%

Medium 7 30.43%

Less 9 39.13%
12
Total 23 100%

As indicated in the above table 12, 30.43% (7) of the players selected replied that the
club provides High sufficient budget and manpower for nutritional provision. Players
selected replied that30.43%(7). While 39.13 %(9) of the 23 respondents said it
doesn’t provide the necessary any budget and manpower fro nutritional provision.

Table 13: Advice of food experts

No Item Number of Percentage (%)

respondents

Do you get food experts advice in

consumption, amount and type of
nutrition?

31
 Yes

No 23 100%

Total 23 100%

13

4.2. Discussion of Findings

As it was cited in the reviewed of literatures, nutrition is the way of feeding all
the cells and organs of our body by fulfilling all the necessary nutrients. Hence,
nutrition can affect the performance of Dilla kenema football club players either
positively or negatively. It is also true that if there is effective supply of nutritional
system, then the players of the club can increase their performance and the club can
be effective, but on the other hand, if there is no enough supply of nutrition the
performance of players of the club diminishes as without enough nutrition nobody can
work effectively. The main target of nutritional system which has been listed in the
literate review is to indicate the way of effective nutritional system for Dilla kenema
football players. But there seems to be a contradiction when the researcher companies
with the practice of Dilla kenema football club with respect to its nutritional system
and the above ideal nutritional systems in the review of literature. The nutritional
system of Dilla kenema football club players is not satisfactory. Due to this reason the
players of the club could not scored what the club needs. Thus, the burden to fill this
gap falls on the manager, club leaders and other high ranking personnel’s of the club-
in order for the players will recover their performance.

32
 CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusions
It is shown that the provision of nutrition that is needed by football players is
low in amount, variety and system. The knowledge of footballers about nutrition and
its system, variety and ways of eating is also unsatisfactory. The budgetary constraints
of the club, even if observed to be enough, is not that much sufficient.

The amounts of carbohydrate and protein foods are not provided by the club in the
amount that is necessary for the player’s performance. This shows that the effective
nutrition provision for the performance of football players in particular, Dilla kenema
football club players is thus, still under way duty to the reason that the club still does
not have enough accessibility of nutrition. This in turn entails that if there is not well
studied and organized nutritional system; there will be no good result to be scored by
players. This is for oblivious reason that without enough nutrition players could not
get the necessary energy, body building, endurance and skill and at the end of the day
will not work effectively.

It is known that the main target of any club is to increase its effectiveness. But there
are various and multifaceted obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of the club. The
same holds true that the effectiveness of football player, as much as it is key for the

33
success of the club, it can also be hindered by various obstacles one of which is lack
of sufficient and necessary nutritional system. The researcher has identified that the
players of the club of Dilla kenema football club does not get qualified nutrition.

The availability of food that the players take after the training and before training and
after and before the game are not found to be balanced with the energy they invested
there. Plus to that the necessary experts are not found in the club.

5.2. Recommendations
To increase the effectiveness of the player the administrator of the club could
must have prepared a forum which deal on the importance of sport especially, football
for effective and healthy life of the society.

The leader of the club in question should prepare a nutritional program that is to be
drafted by the experts of nutrition. Especially, the program should be designed to
include nutrition system before the training, after the training and before the game and
after the game.

The necessary budget should be released by the concerned body for investigating on
supply of nutrition and manpower necessary.

The leader of the club, the coach and other board members of the club should follow
up the exercise of the players taking of necessary nutritional carbohydrates and other
energetic foods to substitution the energy spent and lost during training and games.

To put things specifically in light of the relative weakness and negative impact that
have been attained the following recommendation and implementation modalities
could be suggested.

1. Careful targeting of attainment of the purpose of the establishment of the

club has to be made in the future to avoid imbalance and accessibility of
nutrition in Dilla kenema club.

34
2. Follow up of changes in major nutritional variables and indicators would
have more reliable and effective result in improving capacity of the players.
Some information should also be generated and assessments made in the
frame work of the club are necessary to draw an implementation. To insure
the effectiveness of nutrition in Dilla kenema club players there must be
structural and official improvement. Such as administrative style, nutritional
system and training style because one is the indirect effect of the other.
For example if is the administrator do not invest enough budget for the
club’s nutritional requirements, then the players could not attain enough
availability of nutrition that are essential for their performance quality
3. Since the club has low nutritional system the coach has major responsibility
for this weak nutritional system. Because he is the drive of the players and
should know what they need, he should have told to the concerned body of
the club what materials must be fulfilled to increase the effective
performance of the players.
Generally, the process of food preparation of the club is low. Meaning the
meaning system of the players is not brought in time, the players are not
much endowed with the knowledge about nutrition and plus to that there is
maladministration in the food provision of the club. This has in turn lower
the quality of performance necessary administrative measures, educational
and economical (budgetary) measures have to be taken by the club.

35
 Interview for coach
1. What do you think about balance diet nutrition for players?

The balance diet nutrient is not enough in case of budget.

2. Do you follow your player’s diet consumption?

Yes sometimes the offices are checking.

3. . Do you believe the nutrition of players is enough?

No

4. IF you answer for question number 3 No what is the weakness?

In case of finical that means budget.

5. What type of nutrient are your players used mostly?

Protein and carbohydrates mostly used.

6. What is the solution to prevent the problems?

The solution is must solve the case of budget mean that increase the daily budget of
the players.

5.3. Discussion of Findings

As it was cited in the reviewed of literatures, nutrition is the way of feeding all
the cells and organs of our body by fulfilling all the necessary nutrients. Hence,
nutrition can affect the performance of Dilla kenema football club players either
positively or negatively. It is also true that if there is effective supply of nutritional
system, then the players of the club can increase their performance and the club can
be effective, but on the other hand, if there is no enough supply of nutrition the
performance of players of the club diminishes as without enough nutrition nobody can
work effectively. The main target of nutritional system which has been listed in the
literate review is to indicate the way of effective nutritional system for Dilla kenema
football players. But there seems to be a contradiction when the researcher companies
with the practice of Dilla kenema football club with respect to its nutritional system
and the above ideal nutritional systems in the review of literature. The nutritional

36
system of Dilla kenema football club players is not satisfactory. Due to this reason the
players of the club could not scored what the club needs. Thus, the burden to fill this
gap falls on the manager, club leaders and other high ranking personnel’s of the club-
in order for the players will recover their performance.

CHAPTER FIVE
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1. Conclusions
It is shown that the provision of nutrition that is needed by football players is
low in amount, variety and system. The knowledge of footballers about nutrition and
its system, variety and ways of eating is also unsatisfactory. The budgetary constraints
of the club, even if observed to be enough, is not that much sufficient.

The amounts of carbohydrate and protein foods are not provided by the club in the
amount that is necessary for the player’s performance. This shows that the effective
nutrition provision for the performance of football players in particular, Dilla kenema
football club players is thus, still under way duty to the reason that the club still does
not have enough accessibility of nutrition. This in turn entails that if there is not well
studied and organized nutritional system; there will be no good result to be scored by
players. This is for oblivious reason that without enough nutrition players could not
get the necessary energy, body building, endurance and skill and at the end of the day
will not work effectively.

It is known that the main target of any club is to increase its effectiveness. But there
are various and multifaceted obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of the club. The
same holds true that the effectiveness of football player, as much as it is key for the
success of the club, it can also be hindered by various obstacles one of which is lack
of sufficient and necessary nutritional system. The researcher has identified that the
players of the club of Dilla kenema football club does not get qualified nutrition.

37
The availability of food that the players take after the training and before training and
after and before the game are not found to be balanced with the energy they invested
there. Plus to that the necessary experts are not found in the club.

6.2. Recommendations
To increase the effectiveness of the player the administrator of the club could
must have prepared a forum which deal on the importance of sport especially, football
for effective and healthy life of the society.

The leader of the club in question should prepare a nutritional program that is to be
drafted by the experts of nutrition. Especially, the program should be designed to
include nutrition system before the training, after the training and before the game and
after the game.

The necessary budget should be released by the concerned body for investigating on
supply of nutrition and manpower necessary.

The leader of the club, the coach and other board members of the club should follow
up the exercise of the players taking of necessary nutritional carbohydrates and other
energetic foods to substitution the energy spent and lost during training and games.

To put things specifically in light of the relative weakness and negative impact that
have been attained the following recommendation and implementation modalities
could be suggested.

4. Careful targeting of attainment of the purpose of the establishment of the

club has to be made in the future to avoid imbalance and accessibility of
nutrition in Dilla kenema club.
5. Follow up of changes in major nutritional variables and indicators would
have more reliable and effective result in improving capacity of the players.
Some information should also be generated and assessments made in the
frame work of the club are necessary to draw an implementation. To insure

38
 the effectiveness of nutrition in Dilla kenema club players there must be
structural and official improvement. Such as administrative style, nutritional
system and training style because one is the indirect effect of the other.
For example if is the administrator do not invest enough budget for the
club’s nutritional requirements, then the players could not attain enough
availability of nutrition that are essential for their performance quality
6. Since the club has low nutritional system the coach has major responsibility
for this weak nutritional system. Because he is the drive of the players and
should know what they need, he should have told to the concerned body of
the club what materials must be fulfilled to increase the effective
performance of the players.
Generally, the process of food preparation of the club is low. Meaning the
meaning system of the players is not brought in time, the players are not
much endowed with the knowledge about nutrition and plus to that there is
maladministration in the food provision of the club. This has in turn lower
the quality of performance necessary administrative measures, educational
and economical (budgetary) measures have to be taken by the club.

39
 Reference

1. Benjamin cadaver, Lindsay aven and Andrew prentice (2005) encyclopedia of

human nutrition 2nd edition, Elsevier academic press.
2. Brich et.al 2005 sport and exercise physiology, instant notes.
Garland science BIOs scientific publisher.
3. Ira qwolinsky and Judy A. driskell 2008 sports (nutrition energy) metabolism
and exercise, javlor and Francis group crc press.
4. Jackson R, 2000, sport medicine manual, Harford enterprise ltd.
5. Maurice e. shills, Moshe shike, Catharine Ross, et.al (2005)
Modern nutrition in health and disease 10th edition, Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins
6. Shaver g..l. (1981), essential of exercise physiology
7. Guy tonic. A and Hall j. 2006, text book of medical physiology. levier
publication.
8. Sherry E. and bokor D (1997), sport medicine problems and practice
management oxford university press.

Internet sources

http://pfa.leaguerpublic.com/page.do?id=595395.
http://www.brainmac.co.uk/football/nutrition.htm.
http://footballabout.com/od/playing football jl/a/football/
http://www.foodpyramid.com/6-exentialprutroets/.

40
 Appendix A
DILLA University
College of natural and computational science
Department of sport science

The purpose of this study is to prepare a research paper that is needed for sport
science undergraduate students. This questionnaire is to be filled by players of Dilla
kenema football club. The questions are prepared to known the system and manner of
nutrition in the Dilla kenema football club. We kindly request you that to fill the
question carefully.

Fill the boxes below by marking or X

Part one: general information

It is not necessary to write your name in this paper

Please circle the alternative letter

1. Sex Male Female

2. Age 19 and above From 30 up to 40
From 20 up to 30 40 and above
3. What role do you have in the club
Player manager other

4. How long have you been in the club?

From 1 to 5 years from 6 to 10 years
From 11 to 15 years above 15 years

Part two: regarding the system of nutrition of the club

41
1. Do you believe eating variety of foods day to day is better than eating only
one kind of food? A. Yes B. No
2. Do you think that eating carbohydrate food has special importance to you?
A. High B. Medium C.Less

3. Do you know the importance of the six type of nutrients?

A. Yes B. No
4. Is the food taken proportional to the energy you invest?
A. Yes B. No
5. Do you get the type of nutrient you deserve?
A. Yes B. No
6. Do you get the food that is sufficient for games at the time of
competitions?
A. Yes B. No
7. Is your system of nutrition similarly before the game during games and
after games?
A. Yes B. No
8. Is your system of nutrition done in time?
A. Yes B. No
9. Do you believe that the system of your nutrition has importance to the
effectiveness of the club?
A. Yes B. No
10. Does the club provide you the necessary amount of “protein” nutrient at
the time of injury?
A. Yes B. No
11. Is the nutrition program comfortable for you?
A. Yes B. No
12. Does the club provide sufficient budget and manpower for nutrition
provision?
A. High B.Medium C. Less
13. Do you get food experts advice in consumption, amount and type of
nutrition?
A. Yes B. No

42
 APPENDIX-B

DILLA UNIVERSITY
COLLAGE OF NATURAL AND COMPITIONAL
SCIENCE
Interview for coach
Instruction; the main objective of this interview is to study the effective nutrition
provisos for the performance of football players in particular Dilla kenema
football club.

There for you kindly requested to fill each question clearly by considering the
advantage of their researcher’s .thank you cooperation.

Sex--------

Age-------

Work experience A.1-5 years B.6-10 years C.10-15 years

4. What do you think about balance diet nutrition for players?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Do you follow your player’s diet consumption?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

43
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Do you believe the nutrition of players is enough?

A. Yes B. No

4. IF you answer for question number 3 No what is the weakness?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. What type of nutrient are your players used mostly?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. What is the solution to prevent the problems?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

44