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PHP Functions

Functions allow reusable blocks of code to be defined. Functions are called to execute the code block. Information can be passed to functions via arguments. Functions can return values. By default, arguments are passed by value in PHP, but passing by reference with the & operator allows the argument value itself to be modified within the function.

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33 views

PHP Functions

Functions allow reusable blocks of code to be defined. Functions are called to execute the code block. Information can be passed to functions via arguments. Functions can return values. By default, arguments are passed by value in PHP, but passing by reference with the & operator allows the argument value itself to be modified within the function.

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Ritik 2.0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP: Functions

BY
MAMATA PANDEY
Functions
A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.
A function will not execute automatically when a page loads.
A function will be executed by a call to the function.
Syntax:
function functionName() {
  code to be executed;
}
Example:
<?php
function writeMsg() {
  echo "Hello world!";
}

writeMsg(); // call the function


?>
Function arguments
Information can be passed to functions through arguments.
An argument is just like a variable.
Arguments are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses
Example:
<?php
function addNumbers(int $a, int $b) {
  return $a + $b;
}
echo addNumbers(5, "5 days");
// since strict is NOT enabled "5 days" is changed to int(5), and it will return 10
?>
To enable strict write following while starting PHP block
<?php declare(strict_types=1); // strict requirement
Default Arguments
You can assign some default values for parameters
If we call the function without arguments it takes the default value as argument
Example:
<?php declare(strict_types=1); // strict requirement
function setHeight(int $minheight = 50) {
  echo "The height is : $minheight <br>";
}

setHeight(350);
setHeight(); // will use the default value of 50
setHeight(135);
setHeight(80);
?>
Returning values
Return statement is used to return value from a function
Example
<?php declare(strict_types=1); // strict requirement
function sum(int $x, int $y) {
  $z = $x + $y;
  return $z;
}

echo "5 + 10 = " . sum(5, 10) . "<br>";


echo "7 + 13 = " . sum(7, 13) . "<br>";
echo "2 + 4 = " . sum(2, 4);
?>
Defining return type
To declare a type for the function return, add a colon ( : ) and the type right before the opening curly
( { )bracket when declaring the function.
You can specify a different return type, than the argument types, but make sure the return is the
correct type
Example:
<?php declare(strict_types=1); // strict requirement
function addNumbers(float $a, float $b) : int {
  return (int)($a + $b);
}
echo addNumbers(1.2, 5.2);
?>
Output:
6
Passing by reference
In PHP, arguments are usually passed by value, which means that a copy of the value is used in the
function and the variable that was passed into the function cannot be changed.
When a function argument is passed by reference, changes to the argument also change the
variable that was passed in. To turn a function argument into a reference, the & operator is used

Example:
<?php
function add_five(&$value) {
  $value += 5;
}

$num = 2;
add_five($num);
echo $num;
?>
Thank You

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