Shape Your Business For the Future:
Powering Transformation With Cisco
Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul: Any Radio, Any
Media, Many Generations
Sathya Narayanaswamy
June 12 2012
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
The World Needs New Approaches…
Trusted Partner for Global Mobile Service Providers
Innovation Monetization Optimization Unification Leadership
differentiation new revenue reduced costs any radio trusted advisor
any media partnership
Reflection on 2011
projection to 2016
182%
32-fold
4 times faster
the average mobile connection will generate 716 MB
of mobile data traffic per month in 2016, up from 30
MB in 2011
www.cisco.com/go/vni
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2011–2016, IBSG 2012
© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
All this Mobile Data Growth..
Leads to a Big Backhaul Hole…
―The world's mobile operators will need to
spend a combined $840 billion over the
next five years to upgrade their backhaul
networks for the coming data deluge‖
http://www.telecomasia.net/content/worlds-mobile-backhaul-has-840b-hole
The World needs to Lower
Operating Costs
Reduce Power
Cell Site TCO Distribution Increase Mbs/Watt
Source: China Mobile
Electricity
Reduce Footprint
Multi-use POP
Site Acquisition &
60% O&M Planning
TCO Site Support
40%
Civil Works TCO
Site Rental
Simplify Management
Transmission
BTS Radio Access
OPEX over 7 years CAPEX
RAN Capacity and Offload Challenges
Macro Spectrum
Cells limited asset
Interference if unlicensed
Mobility
Seamless Macro to Small
Cell handoffs
Consumer
Business Community Offload
Unified RAN
Small Cells
RAN Expansion for Small Cells
Fronthaul addition to Backhaul
Wireless Mesh
Number of Radio Nodes
Macro Site Router
Macro Site Router
~30 to 40x
Wireless
Point to Multi-Point
TDM?
Macro Site Router
PTN?
Ethernet OTN?
IP? Pre-aggregation
Node Mobile
IP RAN IP
Ethernet Macro Site Router Agg Aggregation Node Core Mobile Core Node
Dedicated Fibre Fronthaul Attributes
(CPRI) Baseband • Low Touch
Processing Pool
• Robust and aesthetic
• Highly Flexible/Scalable
• Power efficient
Via Fixed Broadband
• Relaxed Availability
Fixed (DSL/GPON/DOCSIS) Aggregation Node • Low mobility PS users
• Reuse of existing
infrastructure
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul
Any Radio, Any Media
Radio Unified RAN Backhaul Content
WiFi & Small
Cells
2G Voice
3G+ RAN Backhaul Video
LTE/4G Data
uWave CE SDH ATM
Media
Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul OPTIMIZE
Any Radio, Any Media, Many Generations
Cell Router Aggregation Mobile Edge IP Core
RAN Backhaul
• Flexible scalability: Any multi-vendor radio on any media (2=>3=>4G)
• Proven performance and reliability: Superior voice & video service assurance
• Operational excellence: Unified management, lower OpEx, low power consumption
1 0 0 T i m e s t h e Ca p a c i t y f o r a F r a c t io n o f Cu r r e n t Co s t
Reduced Power Consumption
Cisco Energy-Efficient Ethernet
• Lowest OPEX Power Consumption (70% Savings)
• Future proof Efficiency Gain, Highest Gbps per Watt
• Efficient power on demand
$37,044
TDM TDM Costs
$40,000 Escalate Directly
23 Mbps
with Bandwidth
22 Mbps
$30,000 19 Mbps
17 Mbps
14 Mbps
$20,000
IP/ Ethernet
$6,887
$10,000 Ethernet Costs
Less per Bit —
24 Mbps 28 Mbps
35 Mbps 42 Mbps 49 Mbps Flat Cost Structure
$0
CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13
Backhaul Charges per Connection
TDM IP/Ethernet
Breaking the Backhaul OPEX Barriers
Lowest Power Consumption in Industry
Only 2.375 W/Gbps at cell, 2.5W/Gbps at pre-Agg
(ASR 901-12C-F-D 38W, 16 Gbps)
5 year cell-site power savings NPV is $20+ Million
1 year savings by removing dedicated T1 timing is $48 Million
i.e., Verizon 40,000, Bharti 40,000 cell sites
$100/month for E1/T1
Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul
Unifies Backhaul Operations for Many Generations
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
Cisco Unified RAN Backhaul
Any Radio, Any Media
Radio Unified RAN Backhaul Content
WiFi & Small
Cells
2G Voice
3G+ RAN Backhaul Video
LTE/4G Data
uWave CE SDH ATM
Cisco PRIME
Unified Management
Media
for RAN Backhaul
Centralized User Portal Launch 3rd Party Domain
Mgr (even ALU SAM, ..)
Prime portal provides:
• Single point of entry into
the network for operator
access to all information
they need
• Reduced operational costs
using an integrated Access, Aggregation, Edge and Core
framework for operators
and administrators
• Increased efficiency
with seamless transition
between functional
areas
Unified Inventory Common Event/Alarm management
Network Discovery
Physical and Logical Maps
Auto-discovery & integration of devices AND
logical segments (routes, pseudowires, ..)
into live NMS
• Physical and logical topologies
• Multivendor discovery Logical and
Physical
• Complete end-to-end visibility of all Inventory
devices, network & logical connections
Maps include integrated
third-party devices
Zero Touch Deployment
Save OPEX using Fully Redundant, Automated, Zero Touch Deployment
DHCP
2
Power on device;
device contacts
DHCP for TFTP IP
1
Primes add a
configuration
template
3
Device initiates
connection and
gets the config
Service Design and Activation
• Accelerate service deployment with
point-and-click wizards
– SAToP, CESoPSN, ATM/IMA over
pseudowire emulation, etc
• Eliminate manual errors with
automation Resource Pools
Policy Map
Service Provisioning Lifecycle
Network Service Assurance
Pseudowire link icon
• Fast network outage
detection with
visualization of impacted
network devices
• Dedicated service alarms
indicating the two devices
terminating the
pseudowire and the
impacted ID
• Hyperlinks for immediate
fault localization and Service Aware Topologies
isolation
Service Fulfillment
Codifying and automating end-to-end fulfillment
Billing and CRM
Operational Support System
AXIOSS
Active Catalog Order Management Service Inventory
Domain and Device Management
Starent Nexus UCS IOS IOS XR UC/Telephony TelePresence Tandberg
Service Troubleshooting
• Improved pseudowire
troubleshooting with
graphical representation
of all network components
traversed
• Powerful service tracing
mechanism to simulate
the path of the traffic
along the network
elements
• Hop by hop details on
each technology traversed
(MAC address, MPLS label
stack, used protocols….)
System Extensibility Launch 3rd Party Domain
Mgr (SAM, ..)
• Ability to rapidly add
new features via a
flexible architecture
• Out-of-the-box
discovery and activation Extensible data model and
customization tools
workflows that are easy
to extend
• Online documented SDK New activation
workflows via a flexible
tools and forum to provisioning layer
support system
integrators Easily create new statistical reports for Cisco
or third-party platforms compiling new MIBs
Third-Party Device Support
Out-of-the-Box Support for:
• DragonWave (microwave radio) • Multivendor ready
• Easy integration of
• Alcatel-Lucent other third-party
microwave devices
• Huawei
• Juniper
• RAD
• NEC iPasolink
Basic logical and physical
discovery for third-party
devices supporting the
standard MIB2
DragonWave microwave
Monitor, Inspect, and Diagnose
Network Faults
• At-a-glance view of
network health for fast fault
isolation
• Alarm correlation to rapidly
diagnose and remediate
faults that span multiple
domains
• Affected parties report on
specific fault scenarios
(e.g., link down)
Agenda
RAN challenges
Unifying the Backhaul
Unified Backhaul Management
Unifying Backhaul Technologies
Problem Statement
How to unify multiple backhaul technologies…
… in increasingly larger networks
… with more complex application requirements?
• Network Requirements:
– Increased bandwidth demand (Video)
– Granular QoS (LTE, Games, Voice, IMS)
– Complex connectivity (X2, LTE-A)
– Virtualization & Higher need for convergence (Mobility)
• Traditional approach has challenges:
– Need for sophisticated routing protocols & interaction with Layer 2 Protocols
– Complexity of achieving 50 millisecond convergence with TE-FRR
– End-to-end Provisioning and troubleshooting across multiple domains
Unified RAN backhaul addresses these challenges with elegant simplicity
Drivers – Unified Backhaul
Based on field experiences
• Unified MPLS
– Bringing resilience, scale, & management benefits all the
way to access
• Unified Timing
– Using best mix of TDM, 1588v2, Sync E, GPS, etc
• Differential Quality of Experience (QoE)
– Profitable differentiation
• Unified Management
– Collapsing multiple management domains
• Managing Cost
– Optimizing cost structure
Benefits of bringing MPLS to Backhaul
• MPLS is pervasive across Mobile & IP Core. Why
?
• Matured technology with extensive support &
resources are available
• Recommended by Standard bodies, Vendor
groups…
Value MPLS brings to Backhaul
Hurdles to bring MPLS to Backhaul
• Why not “simply” use everywhere?
– Scalability – Was built on premise of 100 – 1000 of
“core entities”
– Complexity of traffic engineering
– Virtualization challenges
– OAM considerations
– Cost
• So how do we address this ?
Fragmented MPLS Architecture
Edge
Edge
Access Agg Core Agg Access
L2VPN IP L2VPN
IP IP
MPLS L2VPN IAS MPLS MPLS
L2VPN IAS
Cisco Unified MPLS for Backhaul
Access Agg Edge Core Edge Agg Access
MPLS
• “Any-G” support with same architecture
• Improved Scale – Reduced IGP complexities in the core
• Operational Simplicity
Cisco Unified Backhaul –
MPLS Scalability
Access Aggregation Core Aggregation Access
iBGP (IP+Label)
iBGP (IP+Label) iBGP (IP+Label)
PE ABR ABR PE
MPLS MPLS
MPLS
Inter-domain
LSP
Intra-domain LSP Intra-domain LSP Intra-domain LSP
• Hierarchical LSP approach with two transport labels (intra domain and inter domain)
– Intra domain (IGP+LDP or RSVP-TE)
– Inter domain (iBGP+label per RFC3107)
• No IP prefix redistribution between IGP domains
• Only access nodes and ABRs have reachability information for other access nodes
• BGP Inbound prefix filtering and Outbound Route Filtering (ORF) help reduce network state
Cisco Unified Backhaul – MPLS Resiliency
Loop Free Alternate (LFA) Link Protection
• The link between RP and RB fails.
• RP reroutes all traffic originally for link RP-RB to RC. This is done by pre-computing
available paths that do not create loops
• Gives benefits of TE-FRR, but no configuration or design required
• Remote LFA addresses other topologies (Ring/Square)
Route X:
NH: RB,
LFA: RC
RP RB
Network X
packet addrX packet addrX packet addrX
Primary Path
Repair Path
RC
Architectural Comparison
Cisco Other Vendors
U-MPLS H-VPLS L3 VPNs
Any to Any Yes No – Inter Domain Yes
End to End LSP Yes No No
No No
Scale Yes - BGP
MAC Explosion challenged with label switching
LSP Ping PW – VCCV
LSP Ping
OAM IP SLA Ethernet – CFM
SAA
PW-VCCV Ethernet Performance - 1731
No No
Operational Multi-Segment PW Routed PW
Yes
Simplicity Redundant PW Inter-Area TE
TE-FRR TE-FRR
LFA
Fast Convergence BGP PIC Operationally Complex Operationally Complex
BGP Add Path
Path Optimization BGP AiGP No Yes
Cisco Unified RAN - Quality of Experience
• Service differentiation using standards based QoS.
– IETF DiffServ Architecture across Network layers
– MPLS Exp, IP DSCP, 802.1P & ATM CoS
• Optional Traffic re-marking at administrative boundary
– CSG, NodeB, RNC depending on traffic direction & model
• All the nodes/links are capable of line-rate
– Flat QoS is sufficient for DiffServ functionality
– H-QoS for Microwave links*
• Handling LTE QoS
– LTE QCI + Resource type (GBR/Non-GBR) is enforced with Diffserv on NNI
– H-QoS policies with parent shaping and child queuing on UNI
QoS Model (Upstream)
Clock Sync, Abis, IuB CP + Voice IuB UP & LTE MBR UP – AF
IuB & LTE S1/X2 BE – BE Class Additional AF classes for NC
UP, S1c, X2c, GBR UP – EF Class Class
QoS Model (Downstream)
Cisco Unified Timing
Any Source, Any Media
4G/LTE
SyncE BSC/RNC
TDM Source
All IP SyncE
MTSO
4G Central
Node Office
Hybrid
2G/3G/LTE
BTS/B 1588v2
CS TDM Grand Master
1588v2 Source
Hybrid 1588v2
4G
Node TDM
Traditional TDM
BTS/BCS
2G/3G
Synchronization in Mobile Networks
Clocking Mechanisms Comparison
Clocking Mechanism Advantages Disadvantages
SyncE is the most stable and accurate frequency reference available
Reliable PRC
GPS after
Relatively cheapPRC/BITS/GPS
Antenna required
US Govt owned
Frequency and phase
No Phase
Reliable PRC
PRC/BITS Need to maintain TDM in all Ethernet
Mobile operators/Radio vendors are moving towards supporting
Generally Available
deployment
SyncE but does require e2e h/w changes
Requires Master w/ PRC
Packet Based
1588-2008 (Frequency and Phase)
Performance influenced by network
Undefined Profiles in SP environments
1588-2008 still needed for last mile or No
Physical layer
Phase
Phase
requirement but
SyncE/ESMC
standard (Frequency)
developments & h/w support needed
Every node in chain needs to support
Not as robust as 1588-2008
Packet Based
NTPv4 (Frequency and Phase)
Open standard
Some proprietary implementations
Synchronization in Mobile Networks
Hybrid
Hybrid
Freq &Time/Phase
Application
Uses SyncE & 1588
Priority
Yes
End-to-end Support
Add. functions & protocol Is dependent on SyncE for freq. accuracy and 1588 for
support Phase alignment
•SyncE transfers accurate clock over the physical
layer -> no clock wander
Network Dependencies • 1588-2008 master transfers Phase Packets to a
1588-2008 slave using PTP timestamps and SyncE
frequency to recover Phase
Network Virtualization (Cisco nV)
• Wouldn’t it be nice if…
• We could manage an entire backhaul network segment
as if it were a single platform?
• Simplify Backhaul Operations
– Simplify management (Single Network Element, EMS/Mgmt
interface)
– Improve reliability, resiliency & availability (Reduce protocol
complexity for HA & failover, Single OS and release cycle, )
– Effective cost management (Rapid deployment, Scalability,
Less down time)
nV – Network Virtualization
SP Services/ Third-Party
SP Services/ Third-Party Content Services/ Content
Content Services/ Content
Cisco
RAN-II Prime IP NGN
RAN-I NMS
NMS
Core
Core
Edge
Edge
Converged IP RAN with
RAN-I1 Satellite RAN-II
RAN-I RAN-II
Aggregati
Aggregati
on
on
Acce
Acce
ss
ss
Resiliency – Cluster architecture in Core/Aggregation.
Optimize – Single Virtual Chassis. Feature consistency, Protocol simplification
OaM – Single virtual chassis, Automatic software upgrades, Unified NMS
OaM Implementation
• Service OAM
– Used for monitoring liveliness and performance management of the services
– Provisioned at Touch points associated with end to end service
– ATM Service OAM; Ethernet OAM & PM; MPLS Service OAM & PM; IP/MPLS OAM & PM
• Transport OAM
– Primarily used for monitoring liveliness and performance management of the transport mechanism on which services are
carried
– Ubiquitous to the network elements
– Ethernet Transport OAM & PM; IP/MPLS Transport OAM & PM
Cisco Unified RAN Business Value
Capacity Increase Across a
100 Unified RAN Network
Cost reduction from
70 Cisco® Ethernet Energy Savings
6 9’s High Availability of
Unified RAN Backhaul Network
Thank you.
