EDUCATION - one of the key strategies in promoting disaster risk reduction and

management.
RA 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
- supports the integration of DRRM in K to 12 curriculum. It is concretized through the course
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Hazard
- A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services,
social and economic disruption
- pertains to potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity which
may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation.

Risk
- The probability of harmful consequences or expected loss resulting from interaction
between natural and human induced hazards and vulnerable capable conditions
Disaster
- A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving wide
spread human material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds
the ability of the affected community or society to using its own resources
- term “DISASTER” owes its origin to French word “Disastre”, which a combination of
two words “Des” meaning “Bad” and “Aster” meaning “Star” thus the term disaster
refers to “Bad or Evil Star”. In earlier days disasters were considered to be an outcome of
some unfavorable star.

Vulnerability
- The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system of asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
- Is a condition determined by factors or processes which increase the of a community to
the impact of disasters.

Capacity
- A combination of all strength and resources available within a community, society or
organization that can reduce the level of risk or effects of disaster.
- Is a combined strength of a community that can help in reducing and managing disaster
risks.
Disaster Risk Reduction
- The concept & practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze
and manage the casual factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to
hazard, lessened vulnerability of people & property & improved preparedness for adverse
events
- A proactive approach being adopted whenever disaster occurs where risks are reduced
and managed
Preparedness
- Before; Pre-disaster actions & measures being undertaken w/ in the context of disaster
risk reduction and management and are based on sound risk analysis as well as pre
disaster activities to avert loss of life
- Includes: training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard mapping, insuring of assets
and public information, education initiatives, institutional structure, warning and
forecasting capabilities.
Disaster Preparedness
 - Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from
the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters
Examples are:
 Contingency planning,
 Prepositioning of equipment,
 Enhancement of operation/ coordination centers,
 Organizing, training and equipping responders and volunteers
 Conduct of training and drills

Rehabilitation
- Restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged
infrastructure and increasing the communities’ organizational capacity.
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Restore and improve facilities and living conditions and capacities of affected
communities, and reduce risks in accordance with the “building back better” principle
- Examples are:
 Conduct of Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
 Review of DRRM plans
 Reconstruction and improvement of houses, buildings, facilities (“build back
better”)
 Resettlement
 Provision of new sources of livelihood

Mitigation
- Structural and nonstructural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural
hazards, technological hazard, environmental degradation and minimizing the impact of
disaster.
- Includes:
 Hazard-resistant construction and engineering works, •
 the formulation and implementation of plans, programs, projects and activities,
 awareness raising,
 knowledge management,
 policies on enforcement of comprehensive land-use planning
 building and safety standards and legislation.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
- Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and
exposure and enhancing capacities of communities
Examples are:
 Development of alarm and early warning systems,
 Nationwide flood forecasting and monitoring
 Geo-hazard mappings
 Implementation of safety standards
 Engineering interventions
 Flood control structures

Response
- Provide assistance or the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people
affected and in the restoration of essential, public activities and facilities.
Disaster Response
- Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected population
based on acceptable standards during or immediately after a disaster
 - Examples are:
 Conduct of Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment
 Issuance of advisories and situation reports
 SRR operations using ICS
 Humanitarian assistance
 Activation of Clusters
 Provision of financial assistance
 Management of evacuation centers
-
DepEd Order No. 21, s. 2015
- Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Coordination & Information Management
Protocol
- The DepEd issues the enclosed Coordination and Information Management Protocols for
the schools, schools divisions offices (SDOs) and regional offices (ROs) and coordinators
to establish the system of coordination and information management and provide
guidance to DepEd field offices, schools and DRRM coordinators on their respective
roles and functions relative to DRRM implementation.

DepEd Order No. 48, s. 2012

- Quarterly Conduct of the National School- Based Earthquake and Fire Drills
- The Order also directed all public and private schools to prepare important requirements
for the conduct of the activity which include the school site development plan,
composition of the school disaster management committee, identification of high risk
areas inside the school, the emergency preparedness evaluation and contingency plan,
and the communication and coordination plan with the local government units (LGU) and
the local DRRMC
DepEd Order No. 23, s.2015
- Student-Led School Watching and Hazard Mapping
- These Guidelines provide minimum instruction on how to begin with the conduct of this
activity, which specifically highlights maximum representation of all pupils and students
at all grade levels, sections, groups and organizations. This will be part of the schools’
annual activity to engage learners in the implementation of disaster risk reduction and
management (DRRM).
DepEd Order No. 27, s.2015
- Promoting Family Earthquake Preparedness
- In connection with the National Disaster Consciousness Month observed annually every
month of July, the Department of Education (DepEd) promotes Family Earthquake
Preparedness to all elementary and secondary schools.
DepEd Order No. 37, s.2015
- The Comprehensive Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) in Basic
Education Framework
- This Framework shall institutionalize DRRM structures, systems, protocols and practices
in DepEd offices and schools. Further, this shall provide common understanding and
language in the implementation of DRRM in basic education at all levels.
DepEd Order No. 55,s.2007
- “ Prioritizing the Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction Management in the
School & Implementation of Program and Projects Relative Therefore”
- Mandates the development and implementation of a Safe School Program. This is in
compliance to Republic Act 10121, known as Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010, which promotes the mainstreaming of DRR and CCA in the
development process, budgeting and governance in sectors such as the education sector
Why is the Philippines one of the most disaster-prone countries?
 Pacific ring of fire
 Pacific typhoon belt
 Exporter of typhoons- Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Period
from 1948 to 2010.
  Climate change

Natural Hazards
- Typhoons, Floods, Storm Surges, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanic Eruptions, Landslides, and
Drought
Human-Induced Hazards
-Fire, Maritime Accidents, Aircraft Crash, Land Accidents, Industrial Accidents, Pollution, Civil
Disturbance, Terrorism, and Armed Conflict

Volcanic eruption - Mt Pinatubo: 1991

Landslide- Guinsaugon Landslide: 2006
Tropical Storm- Tropical Storm “Ondoy”: 2009
Moonson Rise- SW Monsoon in NCR: 2012
Human-Induced Disaster- Zamboanga Crisis: 2013(Marawi)
Earthquake - 7.2 M EQ in Bohol: 2013
Storm Surge – Typhoon “Yolanda”: 2013
Typhoon – Typhoon “Ruby”: 2014

Effects Of Disasters
 Human Toll
 Dead, Injured and Missing, Families Displaced, Lost Livelihood
 Damage And Losses-
 Productive Sectors, Social Sectors, Infrastructure, and Cross Sectoral
 Slows Economy
 Hampers Delivery Of Services
World Risk Index Report 2014 (Philippines)
 in 2009, 9th
 in 2010 6th
 in 2011 3rd
 in 2012 3rd
 in 2013 3rd
  In 2014, 2nd country at risk
World Risk Index Report 2022
- Philippines ranked 1st with index of 46.82, exposure (39.99), vulnerability (54.81),
susceptibility (51.35), lack of coping capacities (57.81), and lack of adaptive capacities
(55.48)
Hazard
- pertains to potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity which
may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation.
Disaster
- serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts,which exceeds the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
- term “DISASTER” owes its origin to French word “Disastre”, which a combination of
two words “Des” meaning “Bad” and “Aster” meaning “Star” thus the term disaster
refers to “Bad or Evil Star”. In earlier days disasters were considered to be an outcome of
some unfavorable star.
No disaster > when Event/ Natural Phenomena/ Hazard and Vulnerable Population did not meet
Disaster > when Event/ Natural Phenomena/ Hazard and Vulnerable Population meet
Vulnerability
- Is a condition determined by factors or processes which increase the of a community to
the impact of disasters.
Elements at risk
- Include persons, buildings, crops and other components exposed to known disaster
hazards and which are likely to be adversely affected by the impact of these hazards.
Capacity
- Is a combined strength of a community that can help in reducing and managing disaster
risks.
Disaster Risk
- Is “the probability of harmful consequences or losses (deaths, injuries, livelihoods,
assets , services) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards
and vulnerable conditions.
- Likely to happen if there’s exposure, vulnerability and hazard
R = HxVxE /C
Where:
R = Risk H = Hazard V = Vulnerability E = Exposure C = Capacity
Disaster Risk Reduction
- A proactive approach being adopted whenever disaster occurs where risks are reduced
and managed.

FOUR DRRM THEMATIC AREAS

This would lead to safer, adaptive and disaster resilient Filipino communities towards sustainable
development

Disaster Preparedness
- Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from
the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters
Examples are:
 Contingency planning,
 Prepositioning of equipment,
  Enhancement of operation/ coordination centers,
 Organizing, training and equipping responders and volunteers
 Conduct of training and drills

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

- Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and
exposure and enhancing capacities of communities
Examples are:
 Development of alarm and early warning systems,
 Nationwide flood forecasting and monitoring
 Geo-hazard mappings
 Implementation of safety standards
 Engineering interventions
 Flood control structures

Disaster Response
- Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected population
based on acceptable standards during or immediately after a disaster
- Examples are:
 Conduct of Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment
 Issuance of advisories and situation reports
 SRR operations using ICS
 Humanitarian assistance
 Activation of Clusters
 Provision of financial assistance
 Management of evacuation centers

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

- Restore and improve facilities and living conditions and capacities of affected
communities, and reduce risks in accordance with the “building back better” principle
- Examples are:
 Conduct of Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
 Review of DRRM plans
 Reconstruction and improvement of houses, buildings, facilities (“build back
better”
 Resettlement
 Provision of new sources of livelihood
-
Summary reflection:
o Natural and human-induced hazards abound in the country.
o Vulnerabilities (physical, social, environment, economic) further increase disaster risks
o Filipinos are exposed to disasters given the geographic location of the country.
o We cannot ultimately control the natural hazards.
o However, by increasing capacities, we can address the underlying factors causing the
vulnerabilities and exposures so that the disaster risks can be reduced.
FORMATIVE TEST
Indicate whether the following is a hazard or a disaster. And choose whether it is hydrological,
atmospheric, geologic, biologic or man-made.
1. Super typhoon with storm surge affecting Leyte
2. A typhoon passing over a remote and unpopulated island
3. A flood in a rural area which floods the road but does not affect any houses
4. A volcano erupting in isolation in the middle of Pacific Ocean
5. Avalanche in a ski resort•6. An avalanche high on the mountain and slopes remote from
any settlements.
7. a tsunami wave 5 m high off the coast of Japan
8. an earthquake in Kashmir, Northern Pakiistan
9. a drought in Australia’s outback (vast, arid and remote interior of Australia)
10. landslide in a favela (slum area in Rio de Janeiro)