Revision Notes

Class 5 Mathematics
Chapter 3 - How Many Squares?

2 Dimensional figures / 2D Figures

• A two-dimensional shape is a plane figure that can be drawn on a flat
surface.
• It has only two dimensions which are length and width. It has no
thickness or depth
• Example: Rectangle, Circle, Square etc

Area:
• The area is the region enclosed by the boundary of a closed figure.
• Square units are used to measure area.

Perimeter:
• Perimeter is the length that forms the boundary of an area (or) the total
length of the boundary is called Perimeter.
• If the figure is a triangle, square, or rectangle, the perimeter is the sum of
the edge lengths.
• We measure the perimeter of any figure in mm, cm, m, or km.

Image: Perimeter

Dimensions:
• The measurement like length, width, and height of any object is known as
dimensions. Different objects and shapes have different dimensions.
• Based on dimension the area and perimeter will differ which means even
if they look similar their areas and perimeters will be different because of
dimensions.

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Image: Cuboid

Solved Example 1: Does your palm and length of your hand is smaller than
your parents. Compare your hand with your parent and answer the
question.
Ans: Yes, on comparing my hand with my father’s palm his palm is bigger than
mine and also my father’s hand is longer than my hand.

Image: Comparing hands

Counting Grids
• To find the area and perimeter of any object we use the counting grids
method.
• The area of a plane figure is the number of squares required to completely
cover it and the perimeter of a plane figure is the number of squares
required to cover the boundary of the figure.
• Suppose we want to find the area of the below-given square. We can
simply count the total number of small squares present in it because the
area is nothing but space occupied by the shape of the object.

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Image: Counting grid

• Since it would be silly to always count all those squares to find the area
and perimeter of any object. Also counting the squares will be difficult
for the objects or shapes that big, that's why we use specific formulas for
area and perimeter for specific objects which makes us easy to find.

Square
• A closed, two-dimensional shape with 4 equal sides is known as a
Square.
• In Square all 4 sides are equal
• Example of Square Shape Objects: Chessboard, a slice of bread, etc.
• Formula of area of a Square = side  side
• Formula of a Perimeter of a Square = 4  length of a side

Image: Square

Solved Example 2: Find the perimeter and area of a square of side 10 cm.
Ans: We know that the perimeter of square = 4  length of a side
Here given side= 10 cm
Therefore, perimeter = 4 10cm = 40cm
Now, area of the square = side  side sq. units
Therefore the area of square = 10 10 = 121cm2

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Rectangle:
• A Closed two-dimensional shape in geometry, with 4 sides and 4 corners
is known as a Rectangle.
• In Rectangle opposite sides of a rectangle have the same lengths and are
parallel.
• Example of Rectangle Shape Objects: Mobile,Television,Books etc.
• Formula of area of rectangle = length  breadth
• Formula of Perimeter of Rectangle = 2  Length + 2  Breadth or 2(length +
width).

Image: Rectangle

Solved Example 3: Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length and

breadth are 10 cm and 12 cm, respectively.
Ans: Given: Length = 10 cm and Breadth = 12 cm
We know,
The perimeter of a rectangle = 2(length + width)
Substitute the value of length and width here,
Perimeter (P) = 2(10 + 12) cm
Thus P = 2  22cm
Therefore, the perimeter of a rectangle = 44 cm.

Solved Example 4: Find the area of a rectangle with a length of 15 mm and

a breadth of 9 mm.
Ans: Given
The Length of a rectangle = 15 mm.
The breadth of a rectangle = 9 mm.
We know that the area of a rectangle = length  breadth
Therefore the area of a rectangle = length  breadth
= 15  9 sq mm.
= 135 sq mm.
Thus the area of rectangle is 135 sq.mm

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Triangle:
• A triangle is a shape formed when three straight lines meet. All triangles
have three sides and three corners (angles).
• Examples of triangles in real life: Pyramids, Sailing Boats, Sandwich and
pizza slices etc
1
• Formula of area of triangle =  l  b where l=length and b=breadth.
2
• Formula of Perimeter of triangle = a + b + c where a,b,c are sides.

Image: Perimeter of Triangle

Solved Example 5: Find the area of a triangle with a base of 5 inches and a
height of 8 inches.
Ans: Now let us find the area using the area of triangle formula:
1
We know that area of triangle = l b
2
1
Thus the area of triangle (A) =  58
2
1
A =  40
2
Therefore, the area of the triangle (A) = 20in2

Solved Example 6: Anshu wants to find the perimeter of the pyramid toy
which is in a triangle shape each side is 12 cm.
Ans: Since all three sides are equal in length, the triangle is an equilateral
triangle.
i.e. a = b = c = 12 cm
Perimeter = a + b + c
Perimeter = 12 + 12 + 12
Perimeter = 36
Perimeter = 36 cm.

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Relationship between area and perimeter
• Let us consider two rectangles A and B having the same perimeter as 18
units.

Image: Relationship between area and perimeter of a rectangle

Observe the given rectangles here both of them have different areas i.e, Area of
Rectangle A = 18 square units and Area of Rectangle B is 20 square units.

Image: Relationship between area and perimeter

Hence we conclude that:
• The two shapes having the same perimeter can have different areas.
• Similarly, two shapes having the same areas can have different
perimeters.

Area of irregular shapes

• Areas of irregular shapes can be found by counting the number of squares
occupied by the irregular shape.
• As we don't have particular formulas for calculating the irregular shapes
we use the counting square grids method.
• Below are the measures that we consider to find the area of irregular
shapes.

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Image: Area of irregular shapes

Solved Example 7: Find the area of the below figure:

Ans: After colouring and counting the squares we observe that the total area of
the figure will be (3+7+1) square units = 11 square units.

Patterns
• Patterns are a set of numbers arranged in a sequence such that they are
related to each other in a specific rule.
• Patterns are repeated arrangements of shapes, colours and numbers which
are arranged while rotating it.
• Example: tiles in our houses, checks on a shirt, mom’s saree with a
design, a beautiful dress has a design pattern etc.

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 Practise Problems
1. A square field has a side, a = 2.5 m, What is its Area?
2. The length of a rectangular swimming pool is 10 metres and the breadth
is 8 metres. Find the area of the swimming pool?

Answer:
1. 6.25m2
2. 80m2

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