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13. القيروان مركز إشعاع حضاري في عهد الأغالبة

The document discusses Kairouan's role as a center of economic, urban, and cultural radiation during the reign of the Aghlabids. It describes how Kairouan was chosen as the capital due to its fertile land and proximity to the coast, leading to a thriving agricultural economy. It also highlights the construction of the Great Mosque of Kairouan and the founding of the Aghlabid House of Wisdom, considered the first scientific and cultural university in Africa.

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azer reza
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13K views1 page

13. القيروان مركز إشعاع حضاري في عهد الأغالبة

The document discusses Kairouan's role as a center of economic, urban, and cultural radiation during the reign of the Aghlabids. It describes how Kairouan was chosen as the capital due to its fertile land and proximity to the coast, leading to a thriving agricultural economy. It also highlights the construction of the Great Mosque of Kairouan and the founding of the Aghlabid House of Wisdom, considered the first scientific and cultural university in Africa.

Uploaded by

azer reza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺗﺄﺳ‪‬ﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 184‬ﻫـ ﻭﲰ‪‬ﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺆﺳ‪‬ﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎﹼ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎﺣﻞ ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺼﺒﺔ ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺳﻜﹼﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻨﺸﻄﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ‪.‬‬

‫ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣـﺔ ﺑـﻞ‬


‫ﻧﺸﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﰊ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺤﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻻ ﻭﺃﺳـﻮﺍﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻬـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻛﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ "ﻏﻠﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ" ﺃﻭ" ﻻ ﺇﻟـﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﱐ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬


‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﲨﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌ ﹼﻞ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝﹼ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ "ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ" ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻱ ﻳﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﺚ ﹼﰎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﳏﺮﺍﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺧـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺵ‪.‬‬

‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 414‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍ ﻭ‪ 17‬ﺑﻼﻃﺎ ﻭﻃﻮﻟﻪ ‪ 210‬ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ‪ 150‬ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎ ﻭﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﲤﹼﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﻼﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﹼﰎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺛﻘﺎﰲ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬


‫ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ‪‬ﺎﺳ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳـﺒﺒﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﺪﺭ‪‬ﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺒﺜﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻄـﺐ‪ ‬ﰒﹼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﲝﺎﺛﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺫﺍﻉ ﺻﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺳﺤﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﺤﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴ‪‬ﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﹼﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺍﳌﺪﻭ‪‬ﻧﺔ" ﺍﻟﹼﺬﻱ ﲨﻊ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻳﺎﺿﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
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