156 Ag–Cu–Zn

Silver – Copper – Zinc

Stephan Schittny, updated by Hans Leo Lukas

Literature Data
After early investigations by Ueno [1929Uen], Keinert [1932Kei] and Weigert [1954Wei], Gebhardt et al.
[1962Geb] reexamined the phase relations in the ternary system thoroughly and published a set of very
consistent diagrams on the constitution of the system Ag-Cu-Zn. Investigations were carried out by means
of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and metallographic and dilatometric techniques. In order to prepare
130 different alloys 99.97% Ag, 99.99% Zn and electrolytic copper were melted together under a suitable
slag or in an atmosphere of Ar inert gas. Heat treatments were carried out in sealed evacuated glass tubes at
600, 500 and 350°C with subsequent water quenching. Few alloys were annealed also at 550 or 400°C.
From the results the following diagrams were drawn: a liquidus projection, isotherms at 600, 500 and
350°C, isopleths at 20, 40 and 60 mass% Ag (12.84-13.16 at.% Ag, 28.20-28.78 at.% Ag, or 46.92-47.62
at.% Ag, respectively), 40 and 60 mass% Cu (53.08-40.68 at.% Cu or 71.80-60.68 at.% Cu, respectively)
and 20 mass% Zn (29.20-19.55 at.% Zn) and a projection of the three- and four-phase equilibria containing
liquid onto the concentration triangle.
Several reviews of the Ag-Cu-Zn phase diagram were published [1949Jae, 1967McD, 1969Gue, 1973Sis,
1977Cha, 1978Cha, 1979Dri], except two early ones [1949Jae, 1969Gue] mainly based on [1962Geb].
The order-disorder transformation  œ ´ and the transformation of quenched metastable  to  were studied
in detail by several authors [1967Nak, 1967Yon, 1971Mur1, 1971Mur2, 1980Mat, 1982Gra, 1983Mur,
1984Mur, 1985Nak, 1987Mat].
Moeller [1943Moe] measured lattice parameters of the hexagonal close packed J solid solution phase at
different compositions and confirmed the continuous range of solid solutions between the Ag-Zn and Cu-Zn
J phases.
[1997Roe] measured diffusion paths between (Ag) and (Cu) solid solutions, one of them containing up to
25 at.% Zn, the other one without Zn. They determined the compositions of coexisting (Ag) and (Cu) phases
after long time (700-850 h) annealing at 550, 650, 670 and 700°C.
The Zn vapor pressure of Ag-Cu-Zn alloys was measured by [1965Arg] at 727°C and by [1990Sir] at
1000°C. By means of a high temperature isoperibolic calorimeter [2002Wit] measured partial enthalpies of
mixing of the three components in liquid Ag-Cu-Zn alloys at 795 and 840°C and calculated integral
enthalpies of mixing from the results.

Binary Systems
The binary phase diagrams are accepted: Ag-Cu from the MSIT evaluation [2002Rom], Ag-Zn from [Mas2]
and Cu-Zn from [1994Mio]. Additional information on metastable Ag-Cu alloys was reviewed by Giessen
[1980Gie].
Thermodynamic datasets were assessed for all three binary systems: Ag-Cu by [1986Hay, 1988Jon], Ag-Zn
by [1998Gom, 1999Oht], Cu-Zn by [1993Kow]. [1988Jon] seems to contain typing errors for the unary Ag
and Cu terms of the liquid description. If, however, the reported excess terms are used and the unary terms
of all phases are replaced by the newer ones of [1991Din], the resulting calculated phase diagram
reproduces very well the accepted one. [1999Oht] contains a typing error: instead of the excess terms of the
 phase those of the  phase are repeated, thus the description of  is incomplete.

Solid Phases
The solid phases are listed in Table 1. Continuous solid solutions designated ,  and J connect the
corresponding isostructural binary Ag-Zn and Cu-Zn phases. The  phase undergoes an order-disorder
transformation. In the vicinity of the binary Ag-Zn system this transformation is in a metastable range
slightly below the temperature of formation of the stable  phase. This range can be easily accessed by

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 Ag–Cu–Zn 157

quenching. [1967Yon, 1971Mur1, 1971Mur2, 1973Mur, 1980Mat, 1982Gra, 1983Mur, 1984Mur,

1985Nak, 1987Mat] studied this transformation in detail. [1983Mur, 1984Mur] found additionally spinodal
phase separation in the  phase, leading to a modulated microstructure coarsening with annealing time. The
mutual solubilities of the (Ag) and (Cu) phases increase somewhat with increasing Zn content [1962Geb,
1997Roe]. The  phase dissolves about 1.7 at.% Cu [1980Mat]. The Ag solubility in the phase was
estimated by [1962Geb] as 25 mass% (16.7 at.%). Ternary phases were not found in this system.

Invariant Equilibria
Two invariant four-phase reactions were identified by [1962Geb]. Their temperatures and phase
compositions are shown in Table 2. The complete reaction scheme is adopted from [1962Geb] and shown
in Fig. 1. The temperatures of the two binary invariant reactions p7 and p8 are changed to the values assessed
by [1994Mio], 600 to 598°C and 424 to 425°C, respectively.

Liquidus Surface
The liquidus surface after Gebhardt et al. [1962Geb], transformed to at.%, is shown in Fig. 2.

Isothermal Sections
Three isothermal sections at 600, 500 and 350°C are shown in Figs. 3a, 3b, 3c [1962Geb], converted to at.%.
The Zn corner of the 600°C isotherm drawn by [1962Geb] corresponds to a slightly higher temperature, it
disagrees with the 600°C isotherm of the liquidus surface and the temperature of 598°C for the binary
L+ +J three-phase equilibrium. Therefore Fig. 3a was changed slightly compared with [1962Geb]. On the
350°C isotherm, the  and ´ (ordered) regions were labeled incorrectly as ´ and , respectively, in the
original paper [1962Geb].

Temperature – Composition Sections

Two vertical sections at 20 mass% Ag (12.84-13.16 at.% Ag) and 20 mass% Zn (29.20-19.55 at.% Zn) are
shown in Figs. 4a, 4b, converted to at.%.
Figure 5 shows the section at constant Zn content of 45 at.%. The order-disorder temperature of the /´
transformation and the spinodal of the  phase, determined by [1984Mur] are included in Fig. 5. Some of
the lines are measured only partially and drawn incompletely in the diagram.

Thermodynamics
The vapor pressure of Zn in the (Ag) and (Cu) phases was measured by [1965Arg] at 727°C. Replacing Ag
by Cu in (Ag) decreases the activity coefficient of Zn, but replacing Cu by Ag in (Cu) within the accuracy
of the measurements does not change the activity coefficient of Zn. Two tie lines between (Ag) and (Cu)
were constructed from the results: (Ag +10.7 at.% Cu +9.8 at.% Zn) to (Cu +5.6 at.% Ag +13.5 at.% Zn)
and (Ag +10.7 at.% Cu +14.6 at.% Zn) to (Cu +6.2 at.% Ag +18.6 at.% Zn) (digitized from a graph).
Witusiewicz et al. [2002Wit] determined partial enthalpies of all three elements in liquid at 795 or 840°C
along the two lines with Ag:Cu ratios 2:3 and 3:2.
An assessment of a thermodynamic dataset was referenced by [1997Roe] as “to be published”. However,
no publication could be found until now. The calculated isothermal section at 670°C, shown by 1997Roe],
deviates by several at.% from the experimental results of [1962Geb].

Notes on Materials Properties and Applications

Alloys near the eutectic composition E1 are proposed as Cd free brazing alloys to connect TiAl based alloys
with Cr-steel [2002Hui]. Ag with 3% Zn, 1.75% Cu and 1.25% Sn (mass%) after internal oxidation is
proposed to replace the toxic standard Ag-CdO material for electric contacts [1993Dev].

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References
[1929Uen] Ueno, S., “The System Ag-Cu-Zn”, Mem. Coll. Eng. Kyoto Imp. Univ., A12, 347-373
(1929) (Phase Relations, Experimental, 3)
[1932Kei] Keinert, M., “The System Silver-Copper-Zinc”, Z. Phys. Chem., 160, 15-33 (1932) (Phase
Relations, Phase Diagram, Experimental, 12)
[1943Moe] Moeller, K., “X-ray and Microscopic Investigation in the Four-Component Zn-Mn-Cu-Ag
System”, Z. Metallkd., 35, 27-28 (1943) (Crys. Structure, Experimental, 4)
[1949Jae] Jaenecke, E., “Ag-Cu-Zn” (in German), Kurzgefasstes Handbuch aller Legierungen,
563-565 (1949) (Phase, Relations, Phase Diagram)
[1954Wei] Weigert, K.M., “Constitution and Properties of Ag-Cu-Zn Brazing Alloys”, JOM - J. Min.
Met. Mat. Sci., 200, 233-237 (1954) (Phase Relations, Experimental, 6)
[1962Geb] Gebhardt, E., Petzow, G., Krauss, W., “On the Constitution of the Cu-Ag-Zn System”,
Z. Metallkd., 53, 372-379 (1962) (Phase Relations, Phase Diagram, Experimental, #, 8)
[1965Arg] Argent, B.B., Lee, K.T., “Thermodynamic Properties of Solid Solutions”, Trans. Faraday
Soc., 61, 826-833 (1965) (Thermodyn., Experimental, 15)
[1967McD] McDonald, A.S., Price, B.R., Sistare, G.H., “Ternary and Higher-Order Alloys of Silver”,
Paper from Silver-Economics, Metallurgy and Use, 272-303 (1967) (Phase Diagram, 25)
[1967Nak] Nakanishi, N., Takehora, H., Murakami, Y., Senda, Y., Sugiyama, H., Kachi, S., “Low
Temperature Martensitic Transformation in Ag-Cu-Zn Alloys”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 67,
1341 (1967) (Phase Relations, Experimental, 5)
[1967Yon] Yono, M., Asano, H., Nakanishi, N., Kachi, S., “-Phase Stability in Hume-Rothery Type
Cu-Ag-Zn Ternary Alloys”, Trans. JIM, 8, 277-278 (1967) (Phase Diagram, Phase
Relations, Experimental, *, 10)
[1969Gue] Guertler, M., Anastasiadias, E., “Copper-Zinc-Silver”, A Comp. of Const. Ternary Diagr.
Met. Systems, Isr. Pro. Sci. Tr., Jerusalem, 608 (1969) (Phase Diagram, 4)
[1971Mur1] Murakami, Y., Nakanishi, N., Kachi, S., “Superlattice Formation in the Ternary  Phase
Alloys. Pt. I: Au-Cu-Zn and Ag-Cu-Zn Alloys”, Acta Metall., 19, 93-96 (1971) (Phase
Diagram, Phase Relations, Experimental, *, 10)
[1971Mur2] Murakami, Y., Kachi, S., Nakanishi, N. Takehara, H., “Superlattice Formation in the
Ternary  Phase Alloys, Pt. II: Application of the Statistical Thermodynamics”, Acta
Metall., 19, 97-105 (1971) (Crys. Structure, Experimental, 21)
[1973Mur] Murakami, Y., Nakanishi, N., Takehara, H., Kachi, S., “Electric and Magnetic Properties of
Au-Cu-Zn and Ag-Cu-Zn  Phase Alloys”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 34, 557 (1973) (Electr. Prop.,
Experimental, Magn. Prop., 6)
[1973Sis] Sistare, G.H., “Ag-Cu-Zn (Silver-Copper-Zinc)”, Metals Handbook, 8, 380-381 (1973)
(Phase Diagram, Review, 1)
[1977Cha] Chang, Y.A., Goldberg, D., Neumann, J.P., “Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic
Properties of Ternary Copper Silver Systems”, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 6(2), 621-673
(Ag-Cu-Zn 669-673) (1977) (Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Review, 6)
[1978Cha] Chang, Y.A., Neumann, J.P., Choudary, U.V., “Evaluations of Phase Diagrams and
Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Copper Alloy Systems”, NBS Special Publication
496, Application of Phase Diagrams in Metallurgy and Ceramics, 1, Carter, G.C. (Ed.),
237-246 (1978) (Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Review, 6)
[1979Dri] Drits, M.E., Bochvar, N.R., Guzei, L.S., Lysova, E.V., Padezhnova, E.M., Rokhlin, L.L.,
Turkina, N.I., “Cu-Ag-Zn” (in Russian) in “Binary and Multicomponent Copper-Base
Systems”, Nauka, Moscow, 206-208 (1979) (Phase Diagram, 6)
[1980Mat] Matsuo, Y., “The Effect of Additional Elements on the ´œ Transformation in Equiatomic
AgZn Alloy”, Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met., 21(3), 174-178 (1980) (Phase Relations, Phase
Diagram, Experimental, 7)
[1980Gie] Giessen, W.C., “Metastable Ag-Cu System” in “The Ag-Cu System, Provisional”, Bull.
Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1, 43-44 (1980) (Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Review, 5)

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 Ag–Cu–Zn 159

[1982Gra] Granovsky, M., Resta Levi, M., Arias, D., “Phase Transformations in Ag48Zn50Au2 and
Ag48Zn50Cu2 Alloys”, Metallography, 15(3), 213-224 (1982) (Phase Relations,
Experimental, 17)
[1983Mur] Murakami, Y., Nakanishi, N., “Modulated Structures and the Early Stage of Prepitation in
 Phase Ag-Cu-Zn Alloys” (in Japanese), J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 47(6), 470-475 (1983) (Phase
Relations, Experimental, 21)
[1984Mur] Murakami, Y., Kachi, S., Nakanishi, N., “Ordering and Phase Separation in the Ternary
Ag-Cu-Zn -Phase Alloys”, Acta Met., 32(5), 629-636 (1984) (Experimental, Phase
Relations, Phase Relations, 30)
[1985Nak] Nakashini, N., Murakami, Y., “The Effect of Silver Addition on the Bainitic Transformation
of a CuZn  Phase Alloy” (in Japanese), J. Jpn Inst. Met., 49(5), 332-336 (1985) (Crys.
Structure, Experimental, Phase Relations, 12)
[1986Hay] Hayes, F.H., Lukas, H.L., Effenberg, G., Petzow, G., “A Thermodynamic Optimisation of
the Cu-Ag-Pb System”, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-754 (1986) (Calculation, Thermodyn., Phase
Relations, 36)
[1987Mat] Matsuo, Y., Torii, Y., “Dynamical Process of the ´- Transformation in Silver-Zinc
Alloys” (in Japanese), J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 51(1), 31-36 (1987) (Electr. Prop., Experimental,
Kinetics, Phase Relations, 10)
[1988Jon] Jönsson, B., &gren, J., “Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Crystallisation of
Supercooled Ag-Cu Liquids”, J. Less-Common Met., 145, 153-166 (1988) (Calculation,
Thermodyn., Phase Relations, 30)
[1990Sir] Siromakha, A.K., Shorikov, Yu.S., “Thermodynamic Analysis of the Vacuum Distillation
of Zinc from Copper-Silver-Zinc Alloys” (in Russian), Metally, (3), 36-39 (1990)
(Calculation, Phase Relations, Thermodyn., 6)
[1991Din] Dinsdale, A.T., “SGTE Data for Pure Elements”, Calphad, 15(4), 317-425 (1991) (Review,
Thermodyn.)
[1993Dev] Dev, S.C., Basak, O., Mohanty, O.N., “Defelopment of Cadmium-Free Silver Metal-Oxide
Contact Materials”, J. Mater. Sci., 28, 6440-6544 (1993) (Experimental, Morphology, 11)
[1993Kow] Kowalski, M., Spencer, P.J., “Thermodynamic Reevaluation of the Cu-Zn System”,
J. Phase Equilib., 14(4), 432-438 (1993) (Assessment, Thermodyn., Phase Relations, 36)
[1994Mio] Miodownik, A.P., “Cu-Zn (Copper-Zinc)”, Phase Diagrams of Binary Copper Alloys,
Subramanian, P.R., Chakrabarti, D.J. Laughlin, D.E. (Eds.), ASM International, Metals
Park, OH 487-496 (1994) (Assessment, Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Crys. Structure,
Thermodyn., 98)
[1997Roe] Roenkae, K.J., van Loo, F.J.J., Kivilathi, J.K., “Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of
Diffusion Paths in the System Cu-Ag-Zn”, Z. Metallkd., 88(1), 9-13 (1997) (Experimental,
Phase Relations, Thermodyn., 10)
[1998Gom] G?mez-Acebo, T., “Thermodynamic Assessment of the Ag-Zn System”, Calphad, 22(2),
203-220 (1998) (Assessment, Thermodyn., Phase Relations, 32)
[1999Oht] Ohtani, H., Miyashita, M., Ishida, K., “Thermodynamic Study of Phase Equilibria in the
Sn-Ag-Zn System” (in Japanese), J. Jpn Inst. Met., 63(6), 685-694 (1999) (Assessment,
Thermodyn., Phase Relations, 68)
[2002Hui] Huijie, L., Jicai, F., “Vacuum Brazing TiAl-Based Alloy to 40Cr Steel Using Ag-Cu-Zn
Filler Metal”, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 21, 9-10 (2002) (Experimental, Mechan. Prop.,
Morphology, 9)
[2002Rom] van Rompaey, T., Rogl., P., “Ag - Cu (Silver - Copper)”, MSIT Binary Evaluation Program,
in MSIT Workplace, Effenberg, G. (Ed.), MSI, Materials Science International Services
GmbH, Stuttgart; Document ID: 20.14511.1.20, (2002) (Crys. Structure, Phase Diagram,
Phase Relations, Assessment, 29)
[2002Wit] Witusiewicz, V.T., Hecht, U., Rex, S., Sommer, F., “Partial and Integral Enthalpies of
Mixing of Liquid Ag-Al-Cu and Ag-Cu-Zn Alloys”, J. Alloys Compd., 337, 189-201 (2002)
(Experimental, Thermodyn., 30)

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Table 1: Crystallographic Data of Solid Phases

Phase/ Pearson Symbol/ Lattice Parameters Comments/References

Temperature Range Space Group/ [pm]
[°C] Prototype
(Ag) cF4 a = 408.62 pure element, 25°C [Mas2]
< 961.93 Fm3m
Cu
(Cu) cF4 a = 361.47 pure element, 25°C [Mas2]
< 1084.87 Fm3m a = 369.74 Cu65.44Zn33.56 [P]
Cu
(Zn) hP2 a = 266.49 pure element, 25°C [Mas2]
< 419.58 P63/mmc c = 494.68
Mg
, (Ag,Cu)Zn (h) cI2
Im3m
W
AgZn a = 311.0 AgZn [V-C2]
710 - 258

CuZn a = 299.67 CuZn, 871°C [P]

903 - 454
´, (Ag,Cu)Zn (l) cP2 a = 315.58 Ag50.1Zn49.9 quenched [P]
< 468 Pm3m a = 295.39 Cu52.34Zn47.66 [P]
CsCl
, AgZn (l) hP9 a = 763.55 Ag50Zn50 [P]
< 274 P3 c = 282.00
AgZn(l)
, CuZn3 hP3 a = 427.5 [V-C2]
700 - 560 P6
CuZn3

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Phase/ Pearson Symbol/ Lattice Parameters Comments/References

Temperature Range Space Group/ [pm]
[°C] Prototype
, (Ag,Cu)5Zn8 cI52
Ag5Zn8 I43m a = 934.07 [V-C2]
< 661 Cu5Zn8

Cu5Zn8 a = 886.9 [V-C2]

< 834
J, (Ag,Cu)Zn4 hP2 a = 276.0 Ag4Cu15Zn81 [1943Moe]
P63/mmc c = 431.6
Mg
a = 277.7 Ag10Cu10Zn80 [1943Moe]
c = 434.5

a = 279.8 Ag16Cu5Zn79 [1943Moe]

c = 439.4

J (Ag-Zn) a = 282.6 Ag33Zn67 [P]

< 631 c = 448.49

a = 281.16 Ag12Zn88 [P]

c = 439.96

CuZn4 a = 273.83 Cu21Zn79 [P]

< 574 c = 429.37

a = 276.53 Cu13Zn87 [P]

c = 429.78

Table 2: Invariant Equilibria

Reaction T [°C] Type Phase Composition (at.%)

Ag Cu Zn
L œ (Cu) + (Ag) +  665 E1 L 43.2 26.2 30.6
(Cu) 5.5 66.0 28.5
(Ag) 64.4 7.3 28.3
 37.4 29.2 33.4
L+œJ+ 630 U1 L 17.5 10.9 71.6
 16.8 13.6 69.6
J 17.5 12.0 70.5
16.8 12.5 70.7

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162
Ag-Cu Ag-Zn Ag-Cu-Zn Cu-Zn

902 p1
l + (Cu) œ β

779 e1 834 p2
l œ (Cu) + (Ag) l+βœγ

710 p3
l + (Ag) œ β
665 L œ (Cu) + (Ag) + β E1

(Cu) + (Ag) + β 700 p4

661 p5 l+γœδ
l+βœγ

631 p6

Ag–Cu–Zn
l+γœε

630 L+γœε+δ U1
598 p7
l+δœε

560 e2
δœγ+ε
431 p8
l + ε œ (Zn)
425 p9
l + ε œ (Zn)
274 p10
β+γœζ

258 e3
⠜ (Ag) + ξ
New Series IV/11B
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Fig. 1: Ag-Cu-Zn. Reaction scheme

 Ag–Cu–Zn 163

Zn Data / Grid: at.%

Fig. 2: Ag-Cu-Zn. (Zn) Axes: at.%
p9 p8
Liquidus surface 500°C
p7 550
650
600
p4
20 δ 80
ε
U1
p6
γ 650
800 750 p5
40
p2 60
700

850
60 β
40
p1 p3
E1

0
750 70
0
80 800 75 20
900 850
0
80
950 (Ag) 0
(Cu)
85
0
1050 1000 90
20 40 60e1 80
Cu Ag

Zn Data / Grid: at.%

Fig. 3a: Ag-Cu-Zn. Axes: at.%
Isothermal section at
600°C L
L+δ
20
80
δ δ+ε L+ε
ε
γ +ε
γ +δ
40 γ
60
β+γ

β
60
40
β +(Cu) β +(Ag)
(Cu) (Ag)+(Cu)+β
(Ag)

80
20

(Cu)+(Ag)

20 40 60 80
Cu Ag

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Zn Data / Grid: at.%

Fig. 3b: Ag-Cu-Zn. Axes: at.%
Isothermal section at L
500°C
L+ε

20
80
ε

γ +ε

40 γ
60

β +γ

β
60
40
(Cu)+β (Ag)+β
(Ag)+(Cu)+β
(Cu)
(Ag)
80
20

(Cu)+(Ag)

20 40 60 80
Cu Ag

Zn Data / Grid: at.%

Fig. 3c: Ag-Cu-Zn. (Zn) Axes: at.%
Isothermal section at
350°C ε+(Zn)

20 ε
80

γ +ε

40 γ
60
β ´+γ β +γ

β
β´
60 (Cu)+β ´
40
(Cu) (Ag)+(Cu)+β (Ag)+β
´ (Ag)

80
20
(Cu)+(Ag)

20 40 60 80
Cu Ag

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900
Fig. 4a: Ag-Cu-Zn. L+(Cu)+β
Vertical section at 20 L+(Cu)
mass% Ag, plotted in L
at.% 800
L+β +γ L+β

L+(Cu)+(Ag)
700
L+γ+δ
Temperature, °C

L+γ
L+δ
L+δ +ε δ γ+δ β
600
γ+δ +ε
L+ε δ +ε (Cu)+(Ag)+β
γ
500
(Cu)+β
ε γ+ε
β +γ (Cu)+(Ag)
400
(Cu)+(Ag)+β '
β ´+γ β ´
(Cu)+β ´
300
Cu 0.00 20 40 60 80 Cu 87.20
Ag 13.20 Ag 12.80
Zn 86.80 Cu, at.% Zn 0.00

900
Fig. 4b: Ag-Cu-Zn.
Vertical section at 20
mass% Zn, plotted in
at.% 800
L

L+(Cu) L+(Ag)
700
Temperature, °C

(Cu)

L+(Cu)+(Ag) (Ag)
600

(Cu)+(Ag)
500

400

300
Cu 80.50 20 40 60 Cu 0.00
Ag 0.00 Ag 70.80
Zn 19.50 Ag, at.% Zn 29.20

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900
Fig. 5: Ag-Cu-Zn.
Vertical section at 45 L
at.% Zn with spinodal 800
of the  phase and
critical temperature of
the /´-ordering. 700
Some lines are not
β1
Temperature, °C

completely
determined and not 600
drawn outside the β 1+β 2 β2
investigated ranges
500

400
β ´ (ordered)
β ´+(Cu)
300
β ´+(Ag)

ζ
200
Ag 0.00 10 20 30 40 50 Ag 55.00
Cu 55.00 Cu 0.00
Zn 45.00 Ag, at.% Zn 45.00

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