ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING QUALITY OF LIGHT

Good Lighting is the right amount of the right kind • Quality and quantity are essentials in good
of light in the right places. lighting
Good Lighting is vital to our health, comfort, and • Good quality lighting means the area is free
convenience. from glare, well-diffused, and well
distributed.
LIGHT – It is a visually evaluated radiant energy.
• Good quality lighting means there is absence
LUMEN – is a unit measure of light source output. of discomfort, eye fatigue, annoyance, and
contrasting shadows.
Foot Candles – unit measure of light intensity
LUMINAIRE
• One foot-candles of intensity are a quantity
of one lumen per square foot area. • It is the most important lighting fixture
• The foot candle ft-c has been accepted in accessory.
illumination engineering as the unit use • Luminaire conceals the light source or to
when specifying the intensity of light needed redirect the light or to break up and
for the various seeing task. distribute the light, and for decoration.
• A foot-candle meter is used for measuring
TYPE OF LUMINAIRE
the light intensity of various location.
• Direct Type – suited for general purpose
SUGGESTED FOOT-CANDLES FOR FARMSTEAD
farm use. It is the most efficient among
AREAS
the different types of luminaire.
Yard Lighting 1-5 General 5-7
Illumination for
Residence
Animal 2 General Work 9-11
Bedding Area Areas
Hay and Grain 2 Service Walk 9-11
Storage Alley
Poultry Laying 3-4 Egg Handling 10 • Semi or Indirect Type – suited for
Lights residential applications. It eliminates
Animal 3-5 Feed Grinding 10 glare and provide excellent quality but
Feeding Areas
gives less intensity per watt.
General 3-5 Kitchen 10
Storage
Loading 3-5 Machine Shop 10-40
Platform
Attic Storage 4-5 Seed Cleaning 20
Service-Drive 4-5 Reading Area 30
Alley
Cold Storage 5 Vegetables 30
Room Packing and
Grading
Pump House 5 Milk House 30-40
Stairways 5 Tobacco Grading 100
LIGHT SOURCES fairly uniform light intensity over larger
areas.
• INCANDESCENT LAMP
• COMBINATION OF LOCAL AND GENERAL
o Light is produced by this type when an
LIGHTING – In this arrangement, the entire
electric current pass through tungsten
space is lighted generally and then
filament inside the bulb.
supplemental lighting is employed for a
o Average life is from 750-1,000 hrs
special local area within the space.
TYPES:
ROOM INDEX
▪ Inside frosted bulbs – for general use
- Refers to the proportion of room dimension
▪ Clear glass bulbs
in terms of the amount of light received.
▪ Silver-bowl bulbs – reflects the light
- It is the walls wastes light.
back toward the screw base
- Larger rooms having lower ratio of wall area
▪ Blue bulbs – reduces glare but also
to floor area use light more efficiently than
reduces output
small rooms.
▪ Milky white bulbs – gives off a soft
white light COEFFICIENT OF UTILIZATION
▪ Lumen per output per watt is higher
- It is the ratio of the quantity of light on the
for the larger wattage ratings
working place to the quantity of light output
▪ Large bulbs are more efficient
from the source.
• FLOURESCENT LAMP
- It is the expression of the efficiency of
o Light is produced when the enclosed gas
lighting arrangement and it is influenced by
is made to react with the fluorescent
the room index, the luminaire, and condition
material on the inside surface of the gas
of the walls.
tube.
o Average life is from 2,500-6,000 hrs FORMULA FOR LAMP LUMEN REQUIRED
o Fluorescent lamp produces about three
times lighter per watt than incandescent
bulb.
o Fluorescent lamp is favorably cost
effective as compared with incandescent
bulb.
o It is frequently employed when a person
is working close to the bulb since it is
cooler than the incandescent bulb.
o It produces less amount of infrared
energy and lower wattage rating for the
same amount of light.
LIGHT ARRANGEMENT

• LOCAL LIGHTING – Arranging the light

source relatively close to work, such as desk
lamp or a lamp over workbench.
• GENERAL LIGHTING – A light source
arrangement which are designed to supply a
ELECTRICITY FOR WATER SUPPLY GENERAL PUMP CLASSIFICATIONS
- Water is the most important of all our • ROTARY – It uses gears, vanes, lobe, or screw
natural resources to trap and convey fluid from inlet to the
- A ready supply of water is a vital need for outlet of the pump.
every farm • RECIPROCATING – It uses a back and forth
- Thee should be an adequate supply of water motion of mechanical parts such as piston or
and it must be pure for its intended use. diaphragms to pressurize the fluid.
• CENTRIFUGAL – It uses a centrifugal force
SOURCES OF WATER
imparted to the fluid by one or more rotating
• SURFACE WATER – rivers, lake, farm ponds, elements called impellers to increase the
and reservoirs. kinetic energy and pressure energy of the
• UNDERGROUND WATER – wells and springs fluid.
CLASSIFICATION OF WELLS TYPES OF PUMP COMMONLY USED OFR PUMPING
WATER
• According to Depth of Well
o Shallow Wells – lifting water is 22 ft CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – A type of pump with
or less impellers rotating inside a closed casing which
o Deep Wells – lifting water is 22 ft and draws water into the pump.
above
AXIAL FLOW PUMP – A type of pump which develop
• According to the Type of Construction
most of the suction and discharge head by
o Dug well – shallow, susceptible to
propelling or lifting action of the impeller vanes on
pollution
water.
o Driven well – shallow, safe,
economical MIXED FLOW PUMP – A type of pump which
o Bored wells – shallow, susceptible to combines some of the features of both centrifugal
pollution and axial pump and in which head is developed
o Tubular Wells – deep, safe partly by the centrifugal force and partly by the loft
o Drilled Wells – deep, safe of the vanes on the water.
APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC PUMP SYSTEM
DAILY WATER REQUIREMENTS
• Domestic water supply
Use Gal/day • Agro-Industrial water supply
Each member of the 50 or 250 min per • Irrigation Water Supply
family household
Each sheep 2 PUMP TERMS
Each hog 4
Each 100 chicken 6 Capacity – It is the amount of discharge of a pump
Each horse 12 at maximum efficiency
Each dry cow or steer 12
Discharge – It is the volume of water pumped per
Each 100 turkeys 18
Each cow producing milk 40 unit volume.
Garden hose, ½ in. nozzle 200
Head – It is the amount of energy required to lift and
Garden hose, ¾ in. nozzle 300
move the water from any arbitrary datum
 • Friction Head – it is the equivalent head BRAKE HORSEPOWER – It is the power required to
required to overcome the friction caused by drive the pump shaft
the flow through the pipe and pipe fittings.
• Static Suction Head – It is the vertical
distance from the free suction water level to
the center line of the pump.
• Static Discharge Head – It is the vertical
distance from the centerline of the pump to
the discharge water level.

PUMP EFFICIENCY – It is the ratio of the power

output to the power input of the pump.

WATER HORSE POWER – It is the theoretical power

required by the pump in pumping water.
CAVITATION – It is the formation of cavities filled PARTS
with water vapor due to local pressure drop and
• Pump controller
collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach regions
• Push Button Switch
of high pressure.
• Magnetic Starter Switch
PRIMING – It is the filling up of the pump with water • Pressure Tank
to displace or evacuate the entrapped air through a • Pressure Switches
vent and create a liquid seal inside the casing. • Heater for Water Tank
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN THE SELECTION OF PUMP • Float Switch

• Head-Capacity of the Well

• Initial Cost
• Space Requirement
• Type of power unit and pump characteristics
• Storage Capacity, rate of replenishment, and
well diameter
• Other possible uses of pump