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Haitian Revolution

The document provides a timeline and overview of the Haitian Revolution from 1789 to 1804, including the impact of the French Revolution, the slave revolt led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, and foreign intervention from Britain and France. It discusses the establishment of an independent army by the slaves and their eventual victory over French forces, culminating in Haiti declaring independence from France on January 1st, 1804. The document also briefly outlines the Latin American independence wars in the early 1800s led by figures like Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin that established independent nations across South America.

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Jadiel Galicia
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39 views27 pages

Haitian Revolution

The document provides a timeline and overview of the Haitian Revolution from 1789 to 1804, including the impact of the French Revolution, the slave revolt led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, and foreign intervention from Britain and France. It discusses the establishment of an independent army by the slaves and their eventual victory over French forces, culminating in Haiti declaring independence from France on January 1st, 1804. The document also briefly outlines the Latin American independence wars in the early 1800s led by figures like Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin that established independent nations across South America.

Uploaded by

Jadiel Galicia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Haitian Revolution

Jadiel Galicia
Agenda
• Timeline

• Importance of Haiti

• Social division

• Economic crisis

• Impact of the French


Revolution

• Toussaint L’Ouverture

• Napoleonic Empire

• Independence
1789 1799

French Revolution

XVIII Century XIX Century

Haitian Revolution

1791 1804

Timeline
• Most valuable colony of the
West Indies (and probably of
40%
the World)

• Slaves brought for


production

60%
• 24,800 free people

• 30,000 whites

90%
• 500,000 slaves
Society

Big Whites Poor Whites



Mulattos Slaves
Gran Blancs Petite Blancs
Discontent in Saint
Domingue
• Economic crisis in France

• France called 100% of Saint


Domingue’s products

• Collapse of Grand Blancs profits

• Mulattos discriminated

• Poor whites uprise against


wealthy and free blacks
Rumors of freedom
• 1789: Reforms in France let to
freedom to all slaves (rumors)

• Declaration of the Rights of Man


and Citizen

• Petit Blancs identified with the


3rd Estate struggle

• People stop paying taxes =


talks of ending the colonial rule
National Assembly impact
• 1791: Granted to some free-born
black voting rights and more
liberties

• Slaves managed to build an


army

• Gran Blancs refused to give


freedoms to blacks

• Massive slave revolt on August


1791
Toussaint
L’Ouverture
• Former slave

• He gain his freedom

• Started the slave revolt

• He molded the slaves into a


disciplined army

• Developed the insect army


Foreign intervention
• Spanish troops supported the
slave uprise

• British invasion to Saint


Domingue

• February 4th, 1794: French


freed the slaves in order to
defeat the British troops

• L’Ouverture leading the army


against the UK, and demanded
more freedom to the island
British army defeated
• Saint Domingue remain
under French rule

• The plantation system


continue, due to its
importance for the
economy

• No more slavery = working


with wages and rights
Napoleon
• France needed money for
Napoleon’s expansion ideas

• Reintroduction of slavery =
maximize profits

• 1802 French expedition to


Saint Domingue

• Aimed to build an army and


re-conquest French Louisiana

• Fight for independence


Second revolution
• Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc,
Napoleon’s brother in law

• Arrest and imprisonment of


L’Ouverture in France

• Slave revolt against the French


forces

• Yellow fever killing thousands of


French soldiers, including Leclerc

• 40,000 to 8,000 French forces


Independence

• January 1st, 1804: Independence declaration

• Haiti: The name of the island by the native inhabitants


Latin American
Independence wars
Jadiel Galicia
Agenda
• Brazil

• Colombia, Venezuela,
Bolivia and Ecuador
under Simon Bolivar

• Argentina, Peru, Chile


under San Martín

• Uruguay
Spanish
rule
• 1808 Napoleonic invasion of
Spain

• New provisional
governments without
legitimacy

• 1808 (Mexico) - 1811


(Guatemala)

• Radicalizations and calls for


independence
1810 1814 1821 1824

Sovereignty Brazil
wars
Independence
King’s wars against
consolidation
Independence
1833
1814 1820
José María José Gervasio
Morelos Simón Bolivar José de San Martín
Artigas

Mexico New Granada, Río de la Plata,


Banda Oriental,
Venezuela, Paraguay, Peru
Río de la Plata,
Quito
Paraguay
Brazil
• 1807 departure of King John
VI

• Merge Colony and Portugal

• Brazil new Kingdom

• Pedro declares Independence

• Pedro I emperor of Brazil

• Parliamentarian Monarchy

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