VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka - 590 018

An seminar report on

"SMART ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME

AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING IoT"
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
in

Computer Science & Engineering

by

ANKITHA S(1KI17CS018)

Under the guidance of

Mr. Manoj Kumar D P B.E.,M.Tech.,(Ph.D)

Associate Professor, Dept. of CS&E, KIT, Tiptur.

Department of Computer Science & Engineering,

Kalpataru Institute of Technology,

Tiptur-572201
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590 018.

KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Tiptur-572 201

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Seminar Report” submitted by Ankitha S is work done by
her and submitted during 2020-2021 academic year, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of degree of bachelor of engineering in computer science
and engineering

Signature of the GuideSignature of the HOD

Mr. Manoj Kumar D P B.E.,M.Tech.,(Ph.D) Mr. Santhosh S B.E.,M.Tech., (Ph.D.)

Associate Professor, Dept. of CS&E, KIT, Associate Prof. & Head, Dept of CS&E KIT,
TIPTUR TIPTUR

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude to the following people and acknowledge them for
having helped us in completing the seminar successfully.

With warm heart and immense pleasure I first thank the ALMIGHTY for his grace
and blessings, which drove me to success and pray for the showers all through my life.

I am very much thankful to Dr.G D GURUMURTHY, Principal, KALPATARU

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR for providing support for all seminar related
activities.

I sincerely thank by heart and soul to Mr. SANTHOSH S, Head of the Department,
Computer Science Engineering, KIT, for him suggestions, valuable advice, support and
constructive suggestions that were useful in building the seminar work.

I wish to express my whole hearted thanks to my guide Mr. MANOJ KUMAR D P, Asst.
Professor, Dept. of CSE, KIT whose inspiration, patience, valuable suggestions and
guidance helped me in finishing the seminar with the stipulated time.

Finally, I would like to thank all the faculty members of Department of Computer
Science Engineering, KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY, Tiptur, for their
support.

ANKITHA S
(1KI17CS005)
 ABSTRACT

Advancement in IoT based application has become the state-of-the art technology among the
researcher due to the availability of Internet everywhere. To make the application more user
friendly, web based and android based technologies have gained their importance in this cutting
edge technology. In this paper, smart energy efficient home automation system is proposed that
can access and control the home equipments from every corner of the world. For this system,
Internet connectivity module is attached to the main supply unit of the home system which can
be accessed through the Internet. For wireless connectivity, the static IP address is used. Home
automation is based on multimodal application that can be operated using voice recognition
command of the user using the Google Assistant or through a web based application. Thus, main
objective of this work is to make our home automation system more secure and intelligent.
 CONTENTS

1 Introduction 1
1.1. E-commerce 2
1.2. Coal Mine 2
1.3. Wearable device 2

1.4. Smart Grid 3

1.5. Laboratory Monitoring 3
1.6. Agriculture 3

2. Smart Home Automation System 5

3. System Design And Implementation 9
3.1. System Requirement 10
3.1.1 NodeMcu(ESP826) 10
3.1.2 IFTT 10
3.1.3 Adafruit 10

3.2. Working Models 11

4 Conclusion And Futur Work 15

References 16
 SMART ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Chapter 1
Introduction
Human-machine interaction(HMI)has become,the more realistic in day-to-day life due to the
advancement in the technology.A significant amount of work is invested in human-machine
teaming (HMT) across multiple fields. Accurately and effectively measuring system
performance of an HMT is crucial for moving the design of these systems forward. Metrics are
the enabling tools to devise a benchmark in any system and serve as an evaluation platform for
assessing the performance, along with the verification and validation, of a system. Currently,
there is no agreed-upon set of benchmark metrics for developing HMT systems. Therefore,
identification and classification of common metrics are imperative to create a benchmark in the
HMT field. The key focus of this review is to conduct a detailed survey aimed at identification of
metrics employed in different segments of HMT and to determine the common metrics that can
be used in the future to benchmark HMTs. We have organized this review as follows:
identification of metrics used in HMTs until now, and classification based on functionality and
measuring techniques. Additionally, we have also attempted to analyze all the identified metrics
in detail while classifying them as theoretical, applied, real-time, non-real-time, measurable, and
observable metrics. We conclude this review with a detailed analysis of the identified common
metrics along with their usage to benchmark HMTs.

In the mobile industrial human-machine interaction (HMI), to establish the data connection, the
engineer has to manually select the target machine from a long list, which may lead to wrong
connection and waste of time. We observe that the engineer should face to the machine during
the interaction to ensure that the machine works accurately, and this characteristic makes the
proximity estimation algorithm suitable to simplify the data connection. However,due to the
densely deployed machines, the existing algorithms cannot provide sufficient accuracy with
limited latency.

IoT application are not limited to one particular field. It has shown the significant contribution
from small scale applications to the large scale applications such as,E-commerce,CoalMine,Wear
able device,Smart Grid,Laboratory Monitoring, Agriculture and many other domains.

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1.1 E-commerce
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a diverse technology and usage with unprecedented
business opportunities and risks. The Internet of Things is changing the dynamics of security
industry & reshaping it. It allows data to be transferred seamlessly among physical devices to the
Internet. The growth of number of intelligent devices will create a network rich with information
that allows supply chains to assemble and communicate in new ways. The technology research
firm Gartner predicts that there will be 26 billion installed units on the Internet of Things (IoT) by
2020.

1.2 Coal Mine

In order to sense and control the complicated hazards in process of mining, the Internet of Things
has been applied to coal mine production. The safety management in coal mine highly relies on
the reliability of coal mine Internet of Things.Analytic hierarchy process and mean square error
method were applied to determine the weight of each index and establish a comprehensive
evaluation system. Finally, we used the application status of Internet of Things in Jiaozuo Coal
Industry Group for an analysis example in this paper, obtained the key factors affecting the
reliability of coal mine Internet of Things, and gave recommendations.

1.3 Wearable device

 The proposed extension of the Internet of Things to Wearable Computing is making feasible the
development of a new generation of Wearable devices connected to Internet. It is what I have
denominated "Wearable Internet". The Wearable Internet is the powering of personal devices
with the Internet of Things capabilities. This extension can be found in the new generation of
wearable sensors such as electrocardiograms, cadence and speed sensors, activity monitors such
as HOP Extended from HOP Ubiquitous (www.hopu.eu), etc. These sensors enabled with
Internet are able to detect events and anomalies for daily activities, as the accelerometers in a car
are able to detect a crash. Therefore, the connectivity to Internet and Cloud Computing platforms
are providing a great potential of innovative solutions, where the sensors can go beyond their
sense capabilities to enable a data-enabled analysis that can reach actuation and optimizationin a
wide-range of use-cases and scenarios. In details, this keynote presents the key evolutions of
technologies for wireless communications such as Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth Smart) to

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be enabled with Internet connectivity (IPv6) through protocols such as 6LoWPAN and
GLoWBAL IPv6. GLoWBAL IPv6 protocol is presented in details, demonstrating the
performance of IPv6 and CoAPintegration over Bluetooth Smart, with the embedded stack and
optimized protocol for constrained devices that we have developed during the last years. This
keynote is also presenting the advantages of the extension of wearable devices with Internet
capabilities for a wide range of use-cases covering from experiences in solutions for marketing in
events/exhibitions, entertainment in shopping centres, tourism in Smart cities developed, and
emergenciesin Smart Countries.

1.4 Smart Grid

Based on the characteristics of power Internet of Things and its application scenarios, and
meeting the needs of smart grid for communication coverage and data acquisition, a full-service
ubiquitous power Internet of Things architecture covering terminal, gateway, network, platform,
application, security and other capabilities is constructed. And design a full-service ubiquitous
power Internet of Things standard system, formulate related key technical standards, guide the
planning, design and construction of the power Internet of Things.

1.5 Laboratory Monitoring

The Internet of things is an important technology for computer network, and it is of great
importance for the information era. Currently, IoT related researches can be classified to three
directions: such as Internet-oriented, things-oriented, and semantic-oriented. Afterwards, the
structure of the IoT middleware for laboratory environmental monitoring is provided, which
contains: Information gateway, Security component, Routing component, Message queue, and so
on. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Internet of things middleware
technology can monitor the light and sound in the laboratory environment with high accuracy.

1.6 Agriculture
The Internet of Things ( IoT ) represents a set of emerging technologies that is revolutionizing
the agriculture industry and enabling farmers to contend with the enormous challenges in the
twenty‐first century. Precision agriculture ( PA ), which is also known as site‐specific farming,
represents an information‐driven agricultural management system. The PA management system
is designed to improve the agricultural processes by enabling continues soil/plant monitoring and

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precise treatment. With the latest technology, cloud‐based IoT control center collects and
processes real‐time data of both crops and environment with regard to planting, fertilizing, and
harvesting crops, at appropriate time and duration. Through this way, IoT ‐embedded PA can be
achieved to increase the quality, quantity, sustainability, and cost effectiveness of agricultural
production. The chapter provides an overview of the current situation and future prospects of IoT
applications in PA. More specifically, typical IoT ‐based PA applications are presented in
different sections, including precision irrigation, precision fertilization, crop disease and
management, pest control, equipment automation, and precision livestock farming.

Though,we have received tremendous improvement in the technology,but still power

consumption is one of the big issue all over the world.As per report,the Information and
Communication Technologies(ICT) alone uses 4.7% of the world'selectricity,which may likely to
be increased to 10% as per report.India,share about the17% of the world population has limited
energy resources and share roughly 0.6%,0.4% and 7%,for world gas,oil and coal reserves
respectively.
However,in India,the electricity consumption due to SICT usage has increased from 24T Wh to
31TWh in the last five years(fortheperiod2009-2014).This has resulted in electricity consumption
of roughly 6.5% in 2015.

Thus,saving of the power is the main concern,which is the basic aim of this project. To save the
power consumption,we have proposed the smart,energy efficient home automation system using
IoT.Thus,aim of this research to save the power consumption(reducing the electricity bills) and at
the same time provide the safety and security of the home equipments.

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Chapter 2
Smart Home Automation System
As demand for electricity is increasing day-by-day, therefore, smart home is the upcoming area
of research to provide the remote access for controlling the home appliance using IoT.

All analysis reports indicate that there will be 50 billion nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) by
2020. This improvement can be seen through increasing the number of the researchers use IoT as
their research topic. Nevertheless, creating an application by using internet of thing will have the
challenge in online data transferring process because of the heterogenic and massive data that
needs to be analyzed and processed. In controlling and monitoring the process, the electronic
devices are given the individual numbers in order to recognize, identify, and then manage or
instruct it by ZigBee module that combines with a user-friendly web interface. As the result,
people can monitor and get the information about their houses even though they are going
outside, then when they forgot to turn off the lamp, air conditioner, and other household
appliances so it still possible for them to turn off it as well as they have an internet connection.

Internet of Things (loT) is a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced
services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving
interoperable information and communication technologies. It is envisioned that environments
with trillions of device and information objects are connected via networks. The vision of the loT
is a smart world consisting of smart devices, smartphones, smart cars, smart homes, smart cities.
With Io'T, physical objects are able to be seamlessly integrated into an Internet-like system so
that the physical objects can interact each other and to cyber-agents in order to achieve mission-
critical objectives. loT is a networking infrastructure for cyber-physical systems (CPS), which
are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of
computational algorithms and physical components . Advances in CPS will enable capability,
adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will far exceed the simple
embedded systems of today.

 Home automation system uses the portable devices as a user interface. They can communicate
with home automation network through an Internet gateway, by means of low power
communication protocols like Zigbee, Wi-Fi etc. This project aims at controlling home

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appliances via Smartphone using Wi-Fi as communication protocol and raspberry pi as server
system. The user here will move directly with the system through a web-based interface over the
web, whereas home appliances like lights, fan and door lock are remotely controlled through
easy website. An extra feature that enhances the facet of protection from fireplace accidents is its
capability of sleuthing the smoke in order that within the event of any fireplace, associates an
alerting message and an image is sent to Smartphone. The server will be interfaced with relay
hardware circuits that control the appliances running at home. The communication with server
allows the user to select the appropriate device. The communication with server permits the user
to pick out the acceptable device. The server communicates with the corresponding relays. If the
web affiliation is down or the server isn't up, the embedded system board still will manage and
operate the appliances domestically. By this we provide a climbable and price effective Home
Automation system.

Smart home is a term that is commonly used to refer to homes where the appliances, lightning,
air-conditioning, TVs etc. are capable of communicating with each other and can be controlled
remotely according to a predefined schedule or via some kind of interface. In this project
presents a Home automation system using Wireless Fidelity as communication interface. The
idea behind this project was to develop a home automation system which is a cheaper alternative
to commercial options of home automation and at the same time could be seamlessly integrated
with the commercial products. Also the interface of the system should be as simple and easy to
learn as possible so that even the elderly and disabled people are able to use it. The system could
be controlled using an android application or Google Assistant. The android application is used
to communicate with the firebase database and update its values, this in turn enables us to control
the various sensors and electrical appliances in home. The project uses Node MCU ESP 8266 12
E as the controller and also as the module for wireless communication. Various sensors like
MQ6, MQ 135, DHT 11 etc. have been used to take reading of the environment around the house
and to keep a watch on it. Also Firebase has been used as the database to keep record of readings
of the various sensors.

IoT based application has also provided the boom for oldaged people and the person having some
sort of disability. The recent popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the consumer space and
Web of Things (WoT) work by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has led to a Curtin

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University research project that has investigated the use of IoT by people with disabilities in the
education space. Potential education-related IoT solutions raised in the research include the
delivery of smart board materials directly to the student to ensure compatibility with assistive
technologies, the use of consumer-based IoT to provide captions and the monitoring of lecturer
and student engagement in real-time to improve education delivery. While these technical
possibilities are not new in their own right, the key points of interest from this research are that
the students with disabilities, despite their IoT knowledge being limited to the emerging
consumer space, have proposed these solutions as a way to support their learning. In addition, the
fact such solutions are yet to be implemented in mainstream education settings despite the
technical ability to do so raises concerns about the widening educational gap unless more effort
is made by manufacturers to provide practical real-world IoT classroom solutions. While the use
of IoT in these contexts may be considered an assistive technology in its own right, issues of
privacy, security, and interoperability need to be addressed. As such, it is imperative that the
W3C WoT work in this area continues to provide guidance and further academic research is
needed.This allows the user to control the home automation device such as fan,bulb etc.,without
even making any physical connection.

Most of the previous system based on the techniques is either based on DTMF or Bluetooth
system.The basic problem with DTMF based home automation require dedicated PSTN channel
for communication between main supply units and controlling device.On the other hand,
Bluetooth is useful for short range communication that requires the operating appliance in their
range.

Home automation using MQTT is presented for sending/receiving data from the sensor.For this
Raspberry pi isused as a gateway for accessing the data from the sensor which are used to
measure the temperature and humidity of the room.create a MQTT based Secured home
automation system, by using mentioned sensors and using Raspberry pi B+ model as the network
gateway, here we have implemented MQTT Protocol for transferring & receiving sensor data
and finally getting access to those sensor data, also we have implemented ACL (access control
list) to provide encryption method for the data and finally monitoring those data on webpage or
any network devices. R-pi has been used as a gateway or the main server in the whole system,
which has various sensor connected to it via wired or wireless communication.Another home

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automation system is presented which are based on Raspberry pi and user can control their home
appliance using the web-based interface. Home automation using mobile is reported in which
system is designed using ZigBee.

IoT has provided the applications to turn non-smart device into smart device,which allow users to
access these devices through the Internet.It converts the home into smart home and provides a
more robust method of controlling the home appliance.Also,the security can be added with the
help of installed came rain the home,which can be traced through the Internet.Thus,user can
monitor their home and can turn ON/OFF their appliances which will definitely going to save
both the electricity and electric bills.

Other features that can be included in the smart homefor security purpose is to include the
sensors and camer as that can prevent the intruder from entering into your home.Also,making the
system more intelligent,that can turn on the light and fan of the room as soon as it detects the
presence of the person.

With this motivation,we develop IoT based home automation system which uses voice as well as
web-based service for controlling the home appliance.Also for security purpose,the user-define
command a reset which enables to operate the system.

Fig.1. Smart home automation system architecture

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Chapter 3
System Design And Implementation
Speech is one of the most important inputs used for man-machine interaction. A Mel scaled M-
band wave let filter bank structure is used to extract the robust acoustic feature for speech
recognition application. The proposed filter bank can provide flexibility of frequency partition
that decomposes the speech signal into the M-frequency band. To estimate the difference
between Mel scaled M-band wavelet and dyadic wavelet filter bank, relative bandwidth
deviation (RBD) and root mean square bandwidth deviation (RMSBD) with respect to baseline
(Mel filter bank bandwidth) is calculated. Proposed filter bank gives 40.90 and 49.84% reduction
for RBD and RMSBD respectively, over 24-dyadic wavelet filter bank. Feature extraction from
the proposed filter bank using AMUAV corpus shows an improvement in terms of word
recognition accuracy (WRA) at all SNR range (20 dB to 0 dB) over baseline (MFCC) features.
For AMUAV corpus, the proposed feature shows the maximum improvement in WRA of 3.93%
over baseline features and 3.90% over dyadic wavelet filter bank features. When applied to the
VidTIMIT corpus, proposed features show the maximum improvement in WRA of 1.64% over
baseline features and 4.43% over dyadic features. Therefore,to make smart home more user
friendly,Google assistance along with web based application can be used to control the home
system.

The advantage of multimodal is that in the presence of the noisy background surrounding the
performance of the Google assistance degrades. Hence,in such scenario web based application
can be helpful in controlling the appliance of the system.Thus,the proposed model is designed to
provide better flexibility and making the system more robust.Figure 1 shows the general
architecture of the smart home automation system.

As shown in the Figure1 the smart home can be implemented with main controller unit(Main
switching of the home circuit)that is connected with the 24-hour available Wi-Finet work.To
ensure,that theWi-Fi connection do not turn off,the main controller is programmed to establish
automatic connection with the available network and connected to the auto power backup.

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Further,the sub-units are connected with the main controller so that the devices which are not
smart(here in this case we are referring to the old home appliance system ) can be turned into
the smart appliance.Thus,users can access and controlled their smart home using Google
assistant and web based service using an IoT based application that uses Adafruit and IFTTT to
maintain the communication link.

3.1 System Requirement

 NodeMcu(ESP8266)
 IFTTT
 Adafruit

3.1.1 NodeMcu(ESP8266)
NodeMcu(ESP8266)is an open source firmware that provides the flexibility to build the IoT
based application. NodeMCU is an open source Lua based firmware for the ESP8266 WiFi SOC
from Espress if and uses an on-module flash-based SPIFFS file system. NodeMCU is
implemented in C and is layered on the Espressif NON-OS SDK.The firmware was initially
developed as is a companion project to the popular ESP8266-based NodeMCU development
modules, but the project is now community-supported, and the firmware can now be run
on any ESP module..NodeMcu has gained its popularity due to its low cost and Wi-Fi enabled
features.It also provides the Nodejs, that require less computation time to perform the task and
use Lua script.Thus making the device to operate much faster and making it as a first choice for
IoT applications.

3.1.2 IFTTT
IFTTT stands for “If This Then That”, is an interface which provide the web based service in
which device are connected with the mobile application.Thus,making it much easier for the
device to work based on the mobile application using the conditional statements.

3.1.3 Adafruit
Adafruit is a library that supports the MQTT(MessageQueueTelemetryTransport).It acts as an
MQTT broker.MQTT is based on protocol service that provide the sending and receiving of the
feed data.The advantage of MQTT is that it provides a faster rate of transmission of the data and

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require less data byte for the connectivity.It requires 80bytes for establishing the connection
between the device to the server and 20bytes from server to device. Arduino IDE software isused
to compile the code. The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and
upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in
Java and based on Processing and other open-source software.
This software can be used with any Arduino board.

3.2 Working Models

Fig.2. System flow on the smart home automation system using Google assistant

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The working of the smart home automation is shown in Figure2. As shown,initial requirement is
the Internet connectivity to access your smart home.One can access their

Smart home either through the web based service or through Google assistance.

Initially, Google assistant is used for controlling/monitoring our smart home and in case of noisy
background home automation can be connected through web based service. For security purpose
we have provided the user access code that will be asked by the Google assistant to verify which
will prevent unauthorized smart home access.

After successful connection,users will be able to access their smart home appliance using an
IFTTT statement command.It will be accessed through the Adafruit for creating the connectivity
between the Google assistant and the NodeMcu which is the main control unit of the smart home
automation.The home appliance is connected to the main controller unit with the sets of relay.The
functions of these relays are to act as an ON/OFF switch on the main control unit.

Fig.3. Internal architecture of the controller unit

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Fig.4. Iot
home automation
dashboard developed on
Adafruit

Fig.5. Prototype model of control unit along with the home equipments

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We have shown above the example of the main control unit that we have designed for your smart
home. Figure3 shows the connection of the main unit with the NodeMcu. For continuous
operation of the circuit,power backup is also provided with the help of rechargeable
battery.Figure4 shows the IoT home automation dash board developed on Adafruit.

Finally,with the help of Google assistant,based on the user command the home appliance can be
turned ON/OFF with the help of the designed system as shown in Figure5. Here, we have shown
the example of turning the three bulbs. However,any home appliance can be connected through
the proposed control unit.

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Chapter 4
Conclusion And Future Work

With the help of the design control unit,home appliance can be converted into a smart and
intelligent device using IoT.The working of the proposed model was experimentally shown with
help of connecting the three bulbs.Proposed system has two advantages.

 First,using the IoT connectivity,we can monitor and access our smart home easily from
anywhere,which will definitely will prove to be energy efficient.
 Secondly,it act has a helping hand for the oldage and differently abled person.For future
work we would like to add up more controlling units that can make our smart home more
intelligent that can be practically deployed in the real time situation.

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Benchmark Human-Machine Teams(HMT): A Review,”in IEEE Access,vol.6, pp.38637-
38655,2018.

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Interface Design for Autonomous Vehicles in the 2016 Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge,”in
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