Designation: D 5161 – 04
Standard Guide for
Specifying Inspection Requirements for Coating and Lining
Work (Metal Substrates)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope TABLE 1 Inspection Requirements
1.1 This guide is intended to aid the coating specification Suggested Inspection Service Environments
Requirements
writer in selecting and specifying the appropriate inspection Mild Moderate Severe Immersion
requirements. It indicates the inspection requirements that may Pre-Surface Preparation:
be employed for each of four service environments including Visual for contaminants X X X X
Visual for surface X X
mild, moderate, severe, and immersion (see Table 1). anomalies
1.2 In order to aid the user in determining when to specify Surface Preparation:
inspection requirements, a relationship between the conse- Air supply for X X
contaminants
quence of failure and the suggested level of inspection is Abrasives for type and X X
demonstrated (see Fig. 1). cleanliness
1.3 It is not the intent of this guide to address the selection Ambient conditions and X X
dew point
of protective coating systems, to specify surface preparation Surface anomalies X X
and application requirements, or to be a referenced document Degree of cleanliness X X X X
Profile X X X
in a specification. Visual final for X X
contamination
2. Referenced Documents Coating Application:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 Materials X X X
Mixing X X
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Equipment X X X
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Air supply for X X X
contaminants
a Ferrous Base Ambient conditions and X X
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of dew point
Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Wet film thickness X X
Intercoat parameters X X X
a Nonferrous Metal Base Appearance between X X
D 3276 Guide for Painting Inspectors (Metal Substrates) coats
D 4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com- Dry film thickness X X
between coats
pressed Air Final Acceptance:
D 4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Appearance X X
Notch Gages Visual runs and sags X X X
Visual holidays and X X
D 4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface pinholes
Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel Dry film thickness X X X
D 4940 Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of Water Holiday tests X
Repairs X X
Soluble Ionic Contamination of Blasting Abrasives Final cure X X
D 5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of
Nonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates
E 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on Protective chrometer (the Measurement of Wet and Dry-Bulb Tem-
Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the direct peratures)
responsibility of Subcommittee D33.04 on Quality Systems and Inspection.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
2.2 SSPC Standard:3
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 5161 – 96.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th
the ASTM website. Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5161 – 04
appropriate service environment in Table 1. Suggested levels of
inspection listed on the left are identified with X’s.
5. Inspection Requirements
5.1 Pre-Surface Preparation:
5.1.1 Contaminants—Visually verify that oil and grease are
removed from the surface prior to surface preparation opera-
tions (see Guide D 3276).
5.1.2 Surface Anomalies—Visually verify that welds and
sharp or jagged edges have been suitably prepared for the
coating system being used (see Guide D 3276).
5.2 Surface Preparation:
5.2.1 Air Supply—Verify that air supply is clean and dry
(see Test Method D 4285).
5.2.2 Abrasives—Verify cleanliness and proper size and
type to achieve specified profile (see Test Method D 4940).
5.2.3 Ambient Conditions—Verify that air temperature, hu-
midity, surface temperature, and due point spread are appro-
priate (see Test Method E 337).
5.2.4 Surface Anomalies—Identify any burrs, slivers, scabs,
and weld spatter visible after blasting.
5.2.5 Surface Cleanliness—Verify degree of surface clean-
NOTE 1—This figure is provided as a visual aid to represent graphically liness (see SSPC VIS 1-89 or SSPC VIS 3).
the general relationship between the consequence of failure and the
suggested level of inspection. The slope and configuration of the curve
5.2.6 Profile—Verify profile is within specified tolerance
will vary due to the many factors affecting the consequence of failure, using appropriate instruments (see Test Methods D 4417).
however, the suggested level of inspection should increase when the 5.2.7 Surface Contamination—Verify that all visible surface
service environment is more severe. contaminants including oil, grease, dust, etc. have been re-
FIG. 1 Relationship Between the Consequence of Failure and the moved.
Suggested Level of Inspection 5.3 Coating Application:
5.3.1 Materials—Verify that the coating materials and thin-
ners are as specified, properly labeled and stored, and are
SSPC VIS 1-89 Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaned within their shelf life.
Steel 5.3.2 Mixing—Verify that the coating materials are mixed in
SSPC VIS 3 Visual Standard for Power- and Hand-Tool accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Cleaned Steel 5.3.3 Equipment—Verify that proper application equipment
is being utilized.
3. Terminology 5.3.4 Air Supply—Verify that air supply is clean and dry
3.1 Service Environments Terms are as follows: (see Test Method D 4285).
3.1.1 mild service—indoor or protected outdoor areas not 5.3.5 Ambient Conditions—Verify that air temperature, hu-
subject to rain, dew or corrosive elements, or both. midity, surface temperature, and dew point spread are appro-
3.1.2 moderate service—areas subject to weather away priate (see Test Method E 337).
from coastal or corrosive industrial environments, or both. 5.3.6 Wet Film Thickness—Verify that the applicator is
3.1.3 severe service—corrosive/erosive environments in- checking wet film thickness during the application process
cluding coastal salt laden atmosphere, industrial atmosphere, when required (see Practice D 4414).
and high intensity sunlight. 5.3.7 Intercoat Parameters—Verify that parameters during
3.1.4 immersion service—wetted surfaces of tanks, contain- recoat are observed and that no surface contaminants are
ers, pits, etc. and surfaces that are normally wet with conden- present.
sation or exposed to other corrosive environments. 5.3.8 Appearance—Visually inspect each coat for defects
and uniform appearance (see Guide D 3276).
4. Significance and Use 5.3.9 Dry Film Thickness—Verify that the dry film thick-
4.1 The requirements for inspection should be addressed in ness is within the specified range after each coat (see Test
all protective coating and lining work specifications. Methods D 1186 and D 1400).
4.2 This guide may be used by specification writers when 5.4 Final Acceptance:
selecting and establishing the inspection requirements for 5.4.1 Appearance—Visually inspect the surface for defects
coating and lining specifications. and uniform appearance (see Guide D 3276).
4.3 The instructions for using this guide are as follows: 5.4.2 Dry Film Thickness—Verify that the total coating
4.3.1 Identify the service environment for the coating or system’s dry film thickness is within the specified range (see
lining system being specified. Read down the column under the Test Methods D 1186 and D 1400).
2
D 5161 – 04
5.4.3 Holiday Test—Verify that the surface meets the speci- 6.2 The quality of a project cannot be guaranteed by merely
fied holiday/pinhole criteria (see Practice D 5162). specifying inspection requirements, however, when the recom-
5.4.4 Repairs—Verify that all identified repairs have been mended inspections are properly implemented and docu-
properly made. Repeat inspection requirements and testing as mented, failures are minimized or eliminated.
appropriate.
5.4.5 Final Cure—Verify that the coating is cured in accor- 7. Keywords
dance with the specified requirements of Guide D 3276.
7.1 coating, inspection, specifications; consequence of fail-
6. Precautions and Limits ure; level of inspection; linings
6.1 Specialty lining systems such as reinforced laminates
may have additional inspection requirements to address hard-
ness, strength, etc. that are not addressed by this guide.
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