4 It fits like a glove

Glossary
Page 41 4.10 narrate (v) /nəˈreɪt/
tell a story ● Our guide narrated the history
4.1 fit like a glove (expr) /fɪt laɪk ə glʌv/ of the building and its artworks. ➣ narrator,
fit perfectly and comfortably ● My new narration (n), narrative (adj, n) ❖
swimsuit fits like a glove. ❖
4.11 motivation (n) /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/
4.2 dramatic (adj) /drəˈmætɪk/ the reason why sb wants to do sth ● What
sudden and surprising ● His new hair style made gave you motivation to become an artist?
a dramatic change to his appearance. ➣ motivate (v), motivating, motivated (adj)
➣ dramatically (adv), drama (n) ❖ ❖
4.3 creation (n) /kriˈeɪʃn/ 4.12 innovative (adj) /ˈɪnəvətɪv/
sth that has been made, especially showing clever and new ● There are some innovative
artistic skill or imagination ● This painting was machines in this shop. ➣ innovate (v),
the artist’s first creation. ➣ create (v), creator, innovation (n) ❖
creativity (n), creative (adj), creatively (adv)
4.13 impact (v) /ɪmˈpækt/
❖
have a strong effect on sb/sth ● The economic
4.4 casual (adj) /ˈkæʒuəl/ crisis has impacted most people’s lives.
everyday, not formal ● You can wear casual ❖
clothes because it isn’t a formal meeting.
4.14 age-old (adj) /ˌeɪdʒ ˈəʊld/
➣ casually (adv) ❖
which has existed for a long time ● The festival
✎ Opp: formal
celebrations combined age-old traditions with
4.5 meet-up (n) /ˈmiːtʌp/ modern music and dance. ❖
a social meeting ● We usually have a family
4.15 imitate (v) /ˈɪmɪteɪt/
meet-up with our cousins once a month.
copy how sb/sth looks or behaves ● Each
➣ meet up (phr v) ❖
performer in the talent show tried to imitate a
✎ Also: meetup
singer they admired. ➣ imitation (n)
4.6 formal (adj) /ˈfɔːml/ ❖
serious and official ● She made a formal
4.16 startling (adj) /ˈstɑːtlɪŋ/
complaint about the service at the restaurant.
surprising ● A startling number of artists died
➣ formally (adv) ❖ ✎ Opp:
in poverty. ➣ startle (v), startlingly (adv)
informal, casual
❖
4.17 heartbreak (n) /ˈhɑːtbreɪk/

Reading  Pages 42–43 deep sadness ● They suffered the

heartbreak of seeing their home burn down.
➣ heartbroken, heartbreaking (adj)
4.7 constant (adj) /ˈkɒnstənt/ ❖
continual ● The constant traffic noise kept
them awake all night. ➣ constantly (adv) 4.18 ribbon (n) /ˈrɪbən/
❖ a long narrow piece of material used to tie
things or for decoration ● The parcel was tied
4.8 critic (n) /ˈkrɪtɪk/ with a red ribbon. ❖
sb whose job is to judge the good and bad
qualities of art, music, films, etc. ● Critics 4.19 combine (v) /kəmˈbaɪn/
gave the film very bad reviews. ➣ criticise (v), join or mix things together ● She joined a band
critical (adj) ❖ to combine her love of music with performing.
➣ combination (n) ❖
4.9 reviewer (n) /rɪˈvjuːə(r)/
sb who writes a review that gives an opinion 4.20 vast (adj) /vɑːst/
about a new film, book, play, performance extremely large ● They have spent vast
● Most of the reviewers recommend the book. amounts of money on refurbishing their home.
➣ review (v, n) ❖ ❖ ✎ Syn: huge

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4.21 the extent to which (phr) /ðə ɪkˈstent tʊ wɪʧ/ 4.33 transform (v) /trænsˈfɔːm/
how much ● The extent to which some people change the way sth is or looks ● The makeup
will go to make money is startling. artist completely transformed the actor’s
❖ appearance. ➣ transformation (n)
4.22 sensationalise (v) /senˈseɪʃənəlaɪz/ ❖
make a story or event sound more exciting 4.34 canvas (n) /ˈkænvəs/
or extreme than it is ● The mass media a material or place you can paint on ● The wall
tend to sensationalise the everyday lives of was a canvas for graffiti artists. ❖
celebrities. ➣ sensational, sensalionalist (adj) 4.35 arguably (adv) /ˈɑːɡjuəbli/
❖ used to describe an idea that can be
4.23 suffering (n) /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ supported ● It was arguably the ugliest
serious pain ● Despite her injuries, she painting I had ever seen. ➣ arguable (adj)
managed to withstand her suffering. ❖
➣ suffer (v) ❖ 4.36 take a backseat (expr) /teɪk ə ˌbæk ˈsiːt/
4.24 crutch (n) /krʌʧ/ allow others to make the main decisions
a kind of stick you put under your arm to ● As he got older, Andrew took a back
help you walk when you have hurt your leg seat and left his daughter to run the family
● Mandy has got a broken ankle and she’s business. ❖
walking with crutches. ❖ 4.37 self-portraiture (n) /ˈself ˌpɔːtrəʧə(r)/
4.25 quote (n) /kwəʊt/ the art of creating pictures of yourself,
a piece of writing or statement repeated from especially your face ● It seems a huge waste
a written or spoken text, which has a useful of a good camera to use it for nothing but
meaning ● The phrase ‘to be or not to be’ is a self-portraiture! ➣ (self-)portrait (n), portray (v)
quote from a play by Shakespeare. ❖
➣ quote (v) ❖ 4.38 endure (v) /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/
4.26 impose (v) /ɪmˈpəʊz/ continue to exist through sth difficult ● He
force to suffer ● Climbing in freezing endured two years of working in the factory
conditions imposed challenges on the before he found another job. ➣ endurance (n),
climbers. ❖ endurable (adj) ❖
4.27 creativity (n) /krɪeɪˈtɪvəti/ 4.39 blazing (adj) /ˈbleɪzɪŋ/
ability to make sth new and imaginative full of strong feelings ● They broke up
● He shows amazing creativity and paints after a blazing argument. ➣ blaze (n, v)
beautiful portraits. ➣ create (v), creation (n), ❖
creative (adj) ❖ 4.40 take second place (expr) /teɪk ˈsekənd pleɪs/
4.28 craft (v) /krɑːft/ be less important ● Nora refused to take
make something using artistic skills second place to her brothers and became
● The jewellery was crafted from seashells. more successful than them in business.
➣ craft (n) ❖ ❖
4.29 crucial (adj) /ˈkruːʃl/ 4.41 iconic (adj) /aɪˈkɒnɪk/
very important ● A source of financial support famous as a symbol of an idea ● The TV
is crucial for any artist while they are creating series was an iconic success, which changed
new works. ❖ the course of the author’s career. ➣ icon (n)
4.30 fame (n) /feɪm/ ❖
being well-known ● Fame comes with the price 4.42 secondary (to) (adj) /ˈsekəndri (tə)/
of having your personal life made public. less important (than) ● He believes that having
➣ famous (adj) ❖ a high salary is secondary to job satisfaction.
4.31 trait (n) /treɪt/ ➣ second (n, adj) ❖
a quality, good or bad, in sb’s character 4.43 charismatic (adj) /ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk/
● Shyness was a personality trait he had learnt having an attractive character ● His
to overcome. ❖ charismatic presentations make his
4.32 fashion statement (n) /ˈfæʃn steɪtmənt/ lessons most enjoyable for his students.
clothes or other possessions that are unusual ➣ charisma (n) ❖
and intended to make others notice you 4.44 tomb (n) /tuːm/
● John's decision to wear that hat was a real a large grave ● The ancient king’s remains
fashion statement. ❖ were found in a tomb discovered by
archaeologists. ❖

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4.45 awe-inspiring (adj) /ˈɔː ɪnspaɪərɪŋ/ 4.57 trapped (adj) /træpt/
very impressive ● There was an awe-inspiring stuck in a place/position and unable to move;
view of the Pyramids from the hotel room. prevented from getting away ● He felt trapped
➣ awe (n) ❖ in his boring job and wanted to become an
4.46 moved (adj) /muːvd/ artist instead. ➣ trap (n, v) ❖
having strong feelings of sadness, pity or 4.58 moving (adj) /ˈmuːvɪŋ/
sympathy ● Harry was moved when I told him which causes strong feelings, usually sadness
the story of my grandparents as immigrants. ● We watched a moving documentary about a
➣ move (v), moving (adj) ❖ family of wolves. ➣ move (n, v), moved (adj)
4.47 wander (v) /ˈwɒndə(r)/ ❖
walk in no particular direction ● We wandered 4.59 possession (n) /pəˈzeʃn/
around the village to get to know our sth that belongs to you ● When they were
surroundings. ❖ poor, they owned only a few essential
4.48 legacy (n) /ˈleɡəsi/ possessions. ➣ possess (v) ❖
a situation that is a result of past actions or 4.60 change your mind (phr) /ʧeɪnʤ jɔː(r) maɪnd/
events ● We’re now suffering the legacy of change your opinion or decision ● She
waste left by the mass production of clothes considered having a photo exhibition, but
in the last decades. ➣ legacy (adj) changed her mind when she realised the costs
❖ involved. ❖
4.49 excessive (adj) /ɪkˈsesɪv/ 4.61 reflection (n) /rɪˈflekʃn/
more than is reasonable ● An excessive sth that shows the state or result of sth
amount of stress can cause health issues. ● The plot was a reflection of the author’s own
➣ excess (n), excessively (adv) childhood. ➣ reflect (v) ❖
❖ 4.62 output (n) /ˈaʊtpʊt/
4.50 (my) heart sinks (expr) /(maɪ) hɑːt sɪnks/ the amount of sth produced ● As sales
(I) suddenly feel depressed or disappointed ● dropped, the clothing factory has decreased its
His heart sank when he saw the electricity bill. output. ➣ output (v) ❖
❖ 4.63 self-portrait (n) /ˌselfˈpɔːtrət/
4.51 premise (n) /ˈpremɪs/ a picture or photograph of yourself ● In this
the basis for doing sth, e.g. a show ● The self-portrait the artist made himself look much
premise for the exhibition was to publicise his more attractive than he actually was.
artwork. ❖ ❖
4.52 apparent (adj) /əˈpærənt/ 4.64 symbolise (v) /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/
clear ● It was soon apparent that my parcel represent sth ● The colour black symbolises
had got lost in the post. ➣ apparently (adv) sadness and death in many cultures.
❖ ➣ symbol (n), symbolic (adj) ❖
4.53 separation (n) /ˌsepəˈreɪʃn/
a division; the state of being separate from sth
else ● In British schools, there’s usually no
separation between male and female students.
Vocabulary  Page 44
Both have the same education. ➣ separate, 4.65 cuff (n) /kʌf/
separated (adj), separately (adv) the end part of a sleeve on a shirt or coat
❖ ● The button fell off the cuff of my shirt, so
4.54 one and the same (expr) /ˈwʌn ənd ðə ˌseɪm/ I rolled up both sleeves. ❖
the same person or thing ● JK Rowling and 4.66 hood (n) /hʊd/
Robert Galbraith are one and the same a part of a coat, jacket, etc. that can cover your
author. Rowling writes her detective novels as head ● He put his jacket hood up to keep his
Galbraith. ❖ ears warm. ➣ hooded (adj) ❖
4.55 spectacular (adj) /spekˈtækjʊlə(r)/ 4.67 buckle (n) /ˈbʌkl/
impressive ● The band’s live performance was a piece of metal or plastic you use to do up a
quite a spectacular show. ➣ spectacle (n) belt or strap ● The buckle on my bag broke, so
❖ I can’t fasten it. ➣ buckle (v) ❖
4.56 essentially (adv) /ɪˈsenʃəli/ 4.68 lining (n) /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/
basically, mainly ● Rembrandt was essentially a layer of fabric on the inside of an item of
known for painting portraits. ➣ essential (adj) clothing ● My winter boots have a soft thick
❖ lining. ➣ line (v) ❖

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4.69 zip (n) /zɪp/ 4.83 loose (adj) /luːs/
a metal fastener ● The zip broke on his jeans, not tight; wide-fitting ● I put on a loose cotton
so now he can’t wear them. ❖ T-shirt to keep cool in the sun. ➣ loosen (v)
4.70 wrist (n) /rɪst/ ❖ ✎ Opp: tight, fitted
the part of the body which joins the hand to 4.84 floaty (adj) /ˈfləʊti/
the arm ● She was wearing a watch on her left thin and lightweight (material) ● She wore a
wrist. ❖ floaty top with her jeans. ➣ float (v)
4.71 shoelace (n) /ˈʃuːleɪs/ ❖
a long string-like material for fastening a shoe 4.85 browse (v) /braʊz/
● Tie your shoelaces properly before you go walk around a shop looking at different things
running. ❖ before deciding what you want ● He likes
4.72 sole (n) /səʊl/ browsing for bargains in the antiques market.
the bottom part of a shoe ● His shoes ➣ browser (n) ❖
were so old that they had holes in the soles. 4.86 price tag (n) /ˈpraɪs tæɡ/
❖ a label showing how much sth costs
4.73 catwalk (n) /ˈkætwɔːk/ ● Remember to cut off the price tag before you
platform where models walk in fashion shows wrap the gift. ❖
● The model walked down the catwalk wearing 4.87 bid (n) /bɪd/
a strange-looking suit. ❖ an amount offered to buy sth, e.g. at an
4.74 heel (n) /hiːl/ auction ● The owners have accepted his bid
the raised part at the back of the bottom of for the house. ➣ bid (v), bidder (n)
a shoe ● The heel of her sandal came off, ❖
making it difficult to walk home. ❖ 4.88 receipt (n) /rɪˈsiːt/
4.75 vest (n) /vest/ a piece of paper showing you have bought sth
a sleeveless T-shirt, sometimes worn under a ● Keep your receipt in case there’s a problem
shirt ● It was so cold that I wore a vest under with your purchase. ❖
my jumper. ❖ 4.89 purchase (n) /ˈpɜːʧəs/
4.76 bead (n) /biːd/ sth you buy ● My purchases included a few
a small ball of hard material with a hole books. ➣ purchase (v) ❖
through it that can be used to make jewellery 4.90 refund (n) /ˈriːfʌnd/
● The necklace was made from pink coral money back for sth you have bought
beads. ❖ ● The shoes were the wrong size, so I sent
4.77 bow (n) /bəʊ/ them back and got a refund. ➣ refund (v)
a shape made by tying a ribbon for decoration ❖
or for tying shoelaces, etc. ● The little girl had 4.91 debit card (n) /ˈdebɪt kɑːd/
a red bow in her hair. ❖ a card used to take money out of a bank
4.78 checked (adj) /ʧekt/ account or to pay for sth ● You can use your
a pattern of squares, usually of two colours debit card to pay for purchases in most shops.
● Traditional Scottish fabric usually has a ➣ debit (n, v) ❖
checked pattern. ❖ 4.92 loyalty card (n) /ˈlɔɪəlti kɑːd/
4.79 waterproof (adj) /ˈwɔːtəpruːf/ a card that a shop gives to customers so they
which stops water getting in ● I took a thin collect discount points when they shop there
waterproof jacket, just in case it might rain. ● Remember to take your loyalty card when
❖ you go to the furniture shop. Buying a new bed
will earn a lot of points. ❖
4.80 flowery (adj) /ˈflaʊəri/
with a flower pattern ● Gemma wore a flowery
dress for the summer beach party. ➣ flower (n) Parts of clothing
❖ bead heel shoelace
4.81 ragged (adj) /ˈræɡɪd/ bow hood sole
worn out and torn ● Are you seriously going to buckle lining vest
wear those ragged old shorts to go camping cuff ribbon zip
again? ➣ rag (n) ❖
4.82 fitted (adj) /ˈfɪtɪd/ Adjectives describing clothes
made to fit closely to the body ● Jim wore a casual flowery ragged
fitted shirt and formal trousers. ➣ fit (n, v) checked formal tailor-made
❖ ✎ Opp: loose fitted loose waterproof
floaty made to measure

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Grammar  Page 45 4.104 consumer (n) /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/
a person who buys and uses goods ● Most
consumers are unaware of where the goods
4.93 process (v) /ˈprəʊses/ they buy are produced. ➣ consume (v),
deal with sth in a systematic way ● I had consumerism, consumption (n) ❖
to wait a few minutes while the online shop
processed my debit card details. ➣ process (n)
❖ Shopping
4.94 credit (v) /ˈkredɪt/ account invoice receipt
put money into an account ● Bill’s bank bid loyalty card refund
account is automatically credited with his browse panic buying self-service
salary at the end of each month. ➣ credit (n) consumer price tag stock
❖ credit process window
debit card purchase   shopping
4.95 account (n) /əˈkoʊnt/
a record of money owed to or by a bank or
other business ● She puts aside a little money
every month in her savings account.
❖
Listening  Page 46
4.96 mend (v) /mend/ 4.105 sustainable (adj) /sʌsˈteɪnəbl/
repair, fix ● The heel of her shoe broke off, so conserving an ecological balance by not
she had it mended. ❖ depleting natural resources ● Solar power is
a more sustainable form of energy than some
4.97 invoice (n) /ˈɪnvɔɪs/ fossil fuels. ➣ sustain (v) ❖
a bill showing what you must pay for goods or ✎ Opp: unsustainable
a service ● The phone company sent us an
4.106 unsure (adj) /ˌʌnˈʃʊə(r)/
invoice which required immediate payment.
not sure about sth ● He was unsure about
❖
whether to take the factory job. ❖
4.98 knit (v) /nɪt/ ✎ Opp: sure
make clothes using two long thin needles
4.107 ethical (adj) /ˈeθɪkl/
to join e.g. wool together following a pattern
right or acceptable ● For ethical reasons, she
● Liz knitted little woollen jackets for her
refuses to eat meat. ➣ ethics (n pl), ethically
grandchildren. ➣ knitting, knitter, knit (n),
(adv) ❖ ✎ Opp: unethical
knitted (adj) ❖
4.108 deny (v) /dɪˈnaɪ/
4.99 promote (v) /prəˈməʊt/
say that sth isn’t true ● Julian denied that he
give sb a higher position at work ● After
had stolen the files, but somebody found them
working hard for years, Sandie was promoted
in his backpack. ➣ denial (n) ❖
to head teacher. ➣ promotion (n)
❖ 4.109 regret (v) /rɪˈɡret/
feel sorry about sth you did or did not do
4.100 stock (n) /stɒk/ ● She never regretted leaving her secure job
a supply of things available for sale in a shop to travel the world. ➣ regret (n), regretful (adj)
● The shop didn’t have the shoes I wanted in ❖
stock, so I ordered a pair to collect next week.
❖ 4.110 defend (v) /dɪˈfend/
support ● He defended his decision to close
4.101 force (v) /fɔːs/ the company when the costs kept rising.
make sb do sth they don’t want to do ➣ defence (n), defensive (adj) ❖
● Nobody is forcing you to spend so much on
designer clothes! There are plenty of cheaper 4.111 justified (adj) /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd/
options. ➣ force (n) ❖ having a good reason, being acceptable and
reasonable ● Her complaints at the restaurant
4.102 conscience (n) /ˈkɒnʃəns/ were completely justified. ➣ justification (n),
a feeling of having done sth wrong; a natural justify (v) ❖
sense that tells you what is right or wrong
4.112 uncertain (adj) /ʌnˈsɜːtn/
● She confessed to her part in the crime to
not sure about sth; doubtful ● I was uncertain
clear her conscience. ❖
about giving the company my debit card
4.103 head (v) /hed/ details. ❖ ✎ Opp: certain ✎ Syn:
go in a certain direction ● We were hungry, so unsure
we headed towards the nearest restaurant.
❖

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4.113 structure (n) /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/
the way that sth is made ● His unemployment Speaking  Page 47
had changed the structure of his daily life.
❖ 4.123 speculate (v) /ˈspekjʊleɪt/
think and guess ● Many people speculate
4.114 beneficial (adj) /benɪˈfɪʃl/ about whether we will find life on other planets
good or helpful ● A good night’s sleep is in the future. ➣ speculation (n) ❖
beneficial to health. ➣ benefit (v, n)
❖ 4.124 alter (v) /ˈɔːltə(r)/
change sth to make it different ● These
4.115 frustrating (adj) /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ trousers are too long for me, so I’ll have to
annoying because it makes sth impossible alter them to make them fit. ➣ alteration (n)
or difficult ● It was so frustrating that the ❖
local shops closed at midday. ➣ frustrate (v),
frustration (n), frustrated (adj)

Grammar  Page 48
❖
4.116 rewarding (adj) /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/
making you feel satisfied because you are
4.125 assume (v) /əˈsjuːm/
doing sth useful or important ● Seeing your
think that sth is true but without having proof
own creations on display in an exhibition is a
● I assume everyone is coming to the party,
rewarding experience. ➣ reward (v, n)
but I’ll check. ➣ assumption (n) ❖
❖
4.126 trending (adj) /ˈtrendɪŋ/
4.117 pointless (adj) /ˈpɔɪntləs/
which is popular on social media ● The
with no purpose ● It is pointless getting a huge
elections are the trending topic this week on
mortgage from the bank. You’ll never be able
Twitter. ➣ trend (n, v), trendy (adj)
to repay it. ➣ point (n) ❖
❖
4.118 poorly (adv) /ˈpɔːli/
4.127 claim (v) /kleɪm/
badly ● The child’s toy was so poorly made
say sth is true ● The shop claims to have the
that it broke within a day. ➣ poor (adj)
widest range of goods in the country, but that
❖
sounds doubtful. ➣ claim (n) ❖
4.119 inefficient (adj) /ɪnɪˈfɪʃnt/
4.128 failure (n) /ˈfeɪljə(r)/
not having or producing the best results;
lack of success ● The film was so bad that it
wasteful or unproductive● Cars are the most
was a complete box-office failure. ➣ fail (v)
inefficient way to travel in the city centre.
❖
➣ inefficiency (n), inefficiently (adv)
❖ ✎ Opp: efficient 4.129 waistcoat (n) /ˈweɪskəʊt/
a piece of clothing like a short jacket without a
4.120 eco-friendly (adj) /ˈiːkəʊˈfrendli/
collar or sleeves ● He felt too warm as he was
not harmful to the environment ● They must
wearing a waistcoat on top of his shirt.
find more eco-friendly ways to produce energy
without destroying the countryside. ❖
❖
4.121 cautious (adj) /kɔːʃəs/
avoiding risk ● We are being very cautious
about cooking outdoors in summer. We
Use your English  Page 49
don’t want to start a wildfire. ➣ caution (n), 4.130 at the drop of a hat (expr) /æt ðə ˌdrɒp əv ə
cautiously (adv) ❖ ˈhæt/
straight away, without delay ● I can’t simply
4.122 fabric (n) /ˈfæbrɪk/ leave my job at the drop of a hat. I’ll need to
material or cloth for making clothes, etc. think it over first. ❖
● Organic cotton is quite a common fabric
these days. ❖ 4.131 set up (phr v) /set ʌp/
create, start ● Why not set up a shop where
people can exchange second-hand clothing
instead of buying more? ❖
4.132 pull your socks up (expr) /pʊl jɔː ˈsɒks ʌp/
work, perform or behave better ● If you want
to get into university, you’ll have to pull your
socks up and study more. ❖

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4.133 burn a hole in my pocket (expr) /bɜːn ə ˌhəʊl 4.144 self-service (adj) /ˌself ˈsɜːvɪs/
ɪn maɪ ˈpɒkɪt/ in which the customers themselves pick up
(money that you) can’t wait to spend the goods they want and then pay for them
● The minute Frank gets his pay, it burns a ● We stopped for a snack at a self-service
hole in his pocket and he has nothing left the restaurant. ❖
next day. ❖ 4.145 profit margin (n) /ˈprɒfɪt mɑːdʒɪn/
4.134 below the belt (expr) /bələʊ ðə belt/ the percentage difference between the
unfair ● Your comment about him getting production cost and the final selling price
a promotion because his father is the manager ● These shirts cost very little to make, so the
was below the belt. ❖ company has a huge profit margin of 70%.
4.135 roll up my sleeves (expr) /rəʊl ʌp maɪ sliːvz/ ❖
get ready to work hard ● It’s time to roll our 4.146 made to measure (adj) /ˌmeɪd tə ˈmeʒə(r)/
sleeves up and get on with the project. made to fit one person or place in particular
❖ ● We have very large windows, so we got
4.136 too big for my boots (expr) /tuː bɪg fə maɪ curtains made to measure. ❖
bʊts/ 4.147 turn out (phr v) /tɜːn aʊt/
acting like you are more important than you end in a particular way ● The day started out
really are ● I’m glad you got promoted, but well, but turned out badly when he failed the
don't get too big for your boots. audition. ❖
❖ 4.148 compliment (on) (v) /ˈkɒmplɪment (ɒn)/
4.137 keep your hair on (expr) /kiːp jɔː heər ɒn/ say sth nice to sb ● We complimented the chef
don’t get angry; calm down ● Keep your hair on the delicious meal. ➣ compliment (n)
on! I didn’t spend all your money at the shops. ❖
❖ 4.149 disapprove (of) (v) /ˌdɪsəˈpruːv (ɒv)/
4.138 cope (with) (v) /kəʊp (wɪð)/ say you don’t think sth/sb is good enough; not
deal with something difficult successfully give permission (for sth) ● At first, his parents
● When the sales began, the shop assistants disapproved of him becoming a musician.
were unable to cope with the number of ➣ disapproval (n) ❖ ✎ Opp:
customers. ❖ approve
4.139 window shopping (n) /ˈwɪndəʊ ˌʃɒpɪŋ/ 4.150 addicted (to) (adj) /ˈædɪktɪd (tuː)/
looking at things for sale in shop windows, unable to stop doing sth ● So many people
often without going inside to buy sth ● It’s a have become addicted to watching TV series
rather expensive area for us, so we’re just and they waste so much time on them.
window shopping. We won’t buy anything! ➣ addiction, addict (n), addictive (adj)
❖ ❖
4.140 panic buying (n) /ˈpænɪk baɪɪŋ/ 4.151 hesitation (n) /ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn/
buying a large number of things suddenly, a pause before doing sth because you feel
because you think there might not be enough uncertain or worried ● After a moment’s
or prices might rise soon ● There was a wave hesitation, she began to speak. ➣ hesitate (v)
of panic buying at petrol stations when the rise ❖
in fuel costs was announced. ❖
4.141 on trend (expr) /ɒn trend/ Expressions
fashionable ● Black is back on trend this at the drop of a hat my heart sinks
season. ❖ below the belt on trend
4.142 fashion-conscious (adj) /ˈfæʃn ˌkɒnʃəs/ burn a hole in my pocket one and the same
knowing what’s in fashion and wanting to dress change your mind pull your socks up
fashionably ● Stella is quite fashion-conscious fashion conscious roll our sleeves up
and always wears shoes and accessories to fit like a glove too big for my boots
match her clothes. ❖ keep your hair on
4.143 tailor-made (adj) /ˌteɪlə ˈmeɪd/
made to fit one person in particular ● All the
costumes for the dance performance have
been tailor-made so each one is unique.
❖

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Writing  Pages 50–51 Other adjectives
age-old dramatic pointless
4.152 dress code (n) /ˈdres kəʊd/ appalling eco-friendly rewarding
rules about what you should wear in a certain apparent ethical secondary
situation, e.g. for work, school, an event awe-inspiring excessive spectacular
● Nobody had told him about the dress code beneficial frustrating startling
for the party, so he was the only person blazing iconic sustainable
wearing a formal suit. ❖ cautious inefficient trapped
4.153 enforce (v) /ɪnˈfɔːs/ charismatic innovative unsure
make sure people follow a law or rules ● The constant moving vast
government is looking into higher fines in order crucial occasional
to enforce the law against using a phone while
driving. ➣ enforcement (n) ❖
4.154 experiment (v) /ɪksˈperɪmənt/
do a scientific test to find out if an idea is
Video  Page 52
true ● Researchers are still experimenting to 4.161 persuade (v) /pəˈsweɪd/
find a cure for the virus. ➣ experiment (n), talk sb into doing sth or believing sth is true
experimental (adj) ❖ ● Have you persuaded your parents to buy
4.155 occasional (adj) /əˈkeɪʒənl/ tickets for the concert? ➣ persuasion (n),
happening only sometimes ● They don’t go out persuasive (adj) ❖
often, but they enjoy an occasional trip to the 4.162 evolution (n) /iːvəˈluːʃn/
theatre. ➣ occasion (n), occasionally (adv) gradual change and development ● At some
❖ point in their evolution, dolphins returned to
4.156 exclude (v) /ɪkˈskluːd/ the sea. ➣ evolve (v), evolutionary (adj)
not allow sb to take part in sth ● After breaking ❖
the club rules, he was excluded from playing in 4.163 utility bill (n) /juːˈtɪləti bɪl/
the match. ➣ exclusion (n), exclusive (adj) the charge you pay for gas, electricity, water,
❖ etc. ● Her income is very low, so she just
4.157 end up (phr v) /end ʌp/ manages to pay all her utility bills.
find yourself somewhere you didn’t want or ❖
expect to be ● If you use your credit card too 4.164 wastewater (n) /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/
often, you’ll end up spending more than you used water that comes from homes and
earn. ❖ other buildings ● Wastewater from our city is
4.158 appalling (adj) /əˈpɔːlɪŋ/ processed to clean it before being released
shocking, very bad ● The film was a into the sea. ❖
disappointment as the acting was appalling. 4.165 stand in the way (of) (expr) /stænd ɪn ðə weɪ
❖ (əv)/
4.159 affordability (n) / əˌfɔːdəˈbɪləti/ prevent sth from happening; prevent sb
how affordable sth is ● One factor affecting the from doing sth ● When the local residents
running costs of electric cars is the affordability complained about the destruction of the forest,
of electricity. ➣ afford (v), affordable (adj) the developers accused them of standing in
❖ the way of progress. ❖
4.160 opponent (n) /əˈpəʊnənt/
sb who is against an idea; sb who is fighting
or playing against sb ● Opponents of the
government had organised the demonstration.
➣ oppose (v) ❖

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