CHAPTER 7
DEFLECTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
BEAM AND SLAB
At the end of this topic, student should be able to:
1. Describethe importance of checking deflection of
beam and slab.(PLO1,C2,K)
2. Explain the procedures to check for deflection.
(PLO1, C3, K)
3. Calculate the deflection bylimiting span-to-depth
ratio method.(PLO1, C4, K)
7.1 Introduction
• Many of the difficulties that develop in buildings are the
result of deflections of:
• Spanning members in excess of those allowed for by
the designer.
• Deflection of spandrel beams causes cracks in exterior
walls that provide an entry for waters which
accelerates the breakdown of the wall materials.
• Even the joints between prefabricated components of
curtain walls frequently fail to perform their required
functions when sufficient allowance is not made for
deflections.
• In the interior, excessive deflection can cause cracking
of partition walls and ceilings or concrete floor slabs.
• The appearance and function of a reinforced concrete
beam or slab may be impaired if the deflection under
serviceability loading is excessive.
7.1 Introduction
• Deflection or sag in a member is the expression of a
differential change in length between its upper and
lower portions.
• It is generally understood that in a spanning member
under bending load the portion in compression
shortens, whereas the tension section elongates and
the member assumes a curvature or deflection as
shown
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methods of Checking Deflection
• EC2 has two alternative methods of designing for
deflection:
• 1 By limiting span-to-depth ratio
• 2 By using theoretical deflection calculation
• EC2 specifies equations to calculate basic span-
effective depth ratios, to control deflections to a
maximum of span/250.
In this module only span-to depth
method is presented.
STEP
• Determine the basic l/d ratio either from:
(A) Figure 7.2(for simply supported beam/slab) by
determining =100Asreq/bd
OR
(B) Interpolation from Table 7.1 (Table 7.4N EC2) is also allowed.
Table 7.2 shows the interpolation of that has been derived from Table
7.2(Table 7.4N EC2). Table 7.3 shows the value of span-to-depth ratio for
simply supported beam/slab in accordance to the interpolated value.
7.3 Procedure for Assessing Deflection
Figure 7.2: Graph of basic span-effective depth ratios for simply supported
beam/slab
7.3 Procedure for Assessing Deflection
Table 7.1(Table 7.4N EC2): Determining Basic Span/Effective Span Ratio
7.3 Procedure for Assessing Deflection
Table 7.2: Basic Ratio of Span/Effective Depth
for Reinforced Concrete Beam and Slab
7.3 Procedure for Assessing Deflection
Table 7.3: Basic Ratios of Span/Effective Depth for Simply Supported
Beam/Slab
STEP - Cont
• c) Determine Modification Factor 1 (K1) from
Table 7.1:Table 7.4N(EC2). For flanged beams
•
•
• Otherwise K1 = 1.0
• d) Determine Modification Factor 2 (K2). Where
the beam span exceeds 7 m and it supports
brittle partitions,
• K2 =
•
• Otherwise K2 = 1.0
STEP - Cont
• e) Where more tension reinforcement is provided
(As,prov) than that calculated (As,req) at the
ultimate limit state,
•
• K3 = (upper limit = 1.5)
STEP - Cont
• 2. Check: l/d X K1 X K2 X K3 Actual l/d. If so,
• the check is complete.
• 3. If not, increase the area of tension reinforcement
provided.
• 4. *For characteristic steel strengths other than 500
N/mm2, multiply the basic ratios by 500/fyk
EXAMPLE 1
A simply supported rectangular beam of length 6 m is reinforced as shown. Given
tension reinforcement As,prov = 2592 mm2 and As,req = 2497 mm2 fyk = 500 N/mm2 and
fck = 30 N/mm2, check the deflection of the beam.
• Solution:
• Step 1
• =100As,req/bd = 100 X 2497/300 X 540 = 1.54%
• From Figure7.1, basic span-effective depth ratio = 14
• or using Table 7.3, basic span-effective depth ratio=14
• Step 2
• From Table 7.1(Table 7.4N,EC2) K =1 (for simply
supported beam)
• Step 3.
• Since As,prov>As,req
• K3 = = 2592/2497 = 1.04
• Step 4
• Check: l/d X K1 X K2 X K3 Actual l/d
• 14 X 1 X 1 X 1.04 = 14.56
• Actual l/d = 6000/540 = 11.1
• Therefore allowable upper limit > actual deflection
OK
Example 2
• A rectangular continuous concrete beam of size
b=300 mm and d= 600 mm spans 10 m between
supports. The concrete is of class C25/30 and
reinforcement fyk=500 N/mm2. At ultimate limit
state it is determined that 1250 mm2 of tension steel
is needed and 1470 mm2 are actually provided in the
interior span. Determine whether the deflection at
the middle of the beam is acceptable.
• Solution:
• Step 1
• =100As,req/bd = 100 X 1250/300 X600 = 0.7%
• From Table 7.2(interpolationfor interior span of continuous beam),
basic span-effective depth ratio = 28
• Step 2
• From Table 1, s(for interior span of continuous beam)
• Step 3
• Since span > 7m, K2 = 7/10 <1
• Step 4
• Since As,prov > As,req
• K3 = = 1470/1250 = 1.18
• Step 4
• Check: l/d X K1 X K2 X K3 Actual l/d
• 28 X 7/10 X 1.5 X 1.18 = 34.7> 10000/600 = 16.7
• Therefore deflection in satisfactory.
PROBLEM
• Problems
• The following data are given for a simply supported
beam.
• Effective span, L = 7.0 m
• Beam breadth, b = 250 mm
• Effective depth, d= 453 mm
• Area of reinforcement required = 1291 mm2
• Area of reinforcement provided = 1296 mm2
• fck = 25 N/mm2
• Check whether the beam is satisfactory in deflection.
Thank You
