BÀI ÔN 01

Choose the best answer A,B,C and D for each question and then transfer your answer to the
answer sheet
1. Mental processes are processes of ………
A. Doing and happening B. Thinking and feeling
C. Being and having. D. Behaving and saying
2. Two participants in mental processes are ………
A. Actor and Goal B. Agent and Affected
C. Senser and Phenomenon D.Senser and Affected
3. Clause as message has the structure:
A. Theme + Rheme B. Mood + Residue
C. Subject + Verb D. Rheme + Theme
4. Clause as exchange involves in:
A.Textual meaning B. Ideational meaning
C. Logical meaning D. Interpersonal meaning
5. Identify the role of nothing in:‘After that war nothing could frighten me anymore’.
A. Experiencer B. Phenomenon
C. Agent D. Affected
6. Identify the Phenomenon in the sentence: Nobody saw the train go off the rails.
A. Nobody B. The train
C. The rails D.The train go off the rails
7. Desiderative processes are expressed by such verbs as ………
A. know, believe and remember
B. see, hear and feel
C. like, love and hate
D. want, desire and wish
9. Identify the sentence with relational process:
A. The headphones that his father bought in Gucci Shop pleased David.
B. Tuesday is the deadline for the blogpost..
C. David knew he was getting headphones for Christmas.
D. Some curry was bought for Charles.
10. Identify the clause(s) with marked theme
A. My daughter bought a new car last week.
B. Last week my daughter bought a new car
C. A new car my daughter bought last week.
D. Both B and C
11. Which of the following is an example of a circumstantial possessive clause?
A. The car that belongs to John is in the garage.
B. John is the owner of the car in the garage.
C. The car in the garage is John’s.
D. John has a car in the garage.
12. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of relational clauses in
English?
A. Intensive B. Identifying C. Possessive D. Adverbial

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13. Which of the following sentences contains an identifying clause?
A. My favorite book is also my friend’s.
B. The woman in the red dress is my sister.
C. I found a beautiful seashell on the beach.
D. The movie was too long and boring.
14. Point out the THEME and RHEME of the sentence: “A wise old owl lived in an oak”.
A. “A wise old owl” is THEME, “lived in an oak” is RHEME
B. “An owl” is THEME, “lived in an oak” is RHEME
C. “A wise old owl” is THEME, “an oak” is RHEME
D. “wise old owl” is THEME, “lived in an oak” is RHEME
15.What are other names of existential processes?
A. Being or Having. B Doing or Existing
C. Existing or Happening D. Happening or Doing
16.Which participant belongs to Existential processes?
A. Actor B. Sayer C. Senser D. Existent

17. “Shouted” in “Someone shouted a warning” is ______________ process.

A. Mental B. Verbal C. Material D. Relational
18. ‘five languages’ in “He speaks five languages.” is the ____________.
A. Range B. circumstance C. verbiage D. scope
19. What type of sentence in the following: The dog bit him.
A. Transitive material clauses B. Identifying clause
C. Intransitive material clauses D. Mental clause
20. What is the affected participant in: “The boy kicked a ball”.
A. kicked B. boy C. a ball D. The boy kicked

21. Identify the function of this one. “The doormouse crossed the court”.

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A. Scope: process B. Process: material C. Scope: entity D. Actor

22. Identify the function of ‘his wife’ in “Fred bought a present for his wife”.
A. Attribute B. Client C. Scope D. Recipient
23.What does process of doing obligatorily have?
A. Actor & circumstance B. Process & goal
C.Goal & actor D. Process & actor
24. Identify the goal in this sentence. “The lion caught the tourist in the park”
A the lion B caught C the tourist D in the park
1. Identify the circumstances in the sentence below. “ I met my uncle in China one month
ago.”
A. I B. my uncle C. met D. in China , one month ago
25. Choose the sentence that contains an intransitive verb
A. The girl carries water to the village B. A light was shining
C. Juan loves rainbow D. I caught a cold
26: Identify type of process in the sentence: John asked his teacher some advices
A. Material B. Mental C. Verbal D. Relational
27: Identify type of process in sentence: My mother is a teacher
A. Relational B. Verbal C. Behavioural D. Material
28. Identify type of circumstance in sentence: Anna visits our campus as a visiting lecturer
A. Extent B. Location C.Manner D. Role
29. Identify Existential process in this sentence: Once upon a time there was a weird
grammarian
A. Once upon a time B. there C. was D. a weird grammarian
30. The identifier in “Which boy is John?” / “John is the one wearing white.” is
A. John B. is C. the one wearing white D.the one
31. The voyage from Oban to Castlebay (Barra) takes about five hours. The verb “takes”
expresses a circumstantial relation:
A. Comparative B. Spatial C. Temporal D. Matter
32. Identify types of theme in the sentence: “Mary, you should have told me that earlier”.
A. Mary: vocative (interpersonal theme), you: Topical theme (experiential theme)
B. Mary: topical theme, unmarked theme
C. You: marked theme

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 D. you should: unmarked theme
33. Identify process in the sentence: The girl has achieved some good results in her study
A. Has B. has achieved
C. some good results D. in her study
34. Identify participant(s) in the sentence: The girl has achieved some good results in her
study
A. In her study B. the girl/ some good results
C. has achieved D. the girl
35. Identify circumstance in the sentence: The girl has achieved some good results in her
study
A. The girl B. some results
C. in D. in her study
36. Identify the multiple theme in the sentence: But, John, I am so sorry about that.
A. But, John B. But, John, I C. But, I D. so sorry about that
37. In terms of grammatical metaphor, the sentence “She died because she didn’t know the
rules” can be transferred into:
A. She died because of her ignorance of the rules
B. She died due to her ignorance of the rules
C. Her ignorance of the rules led to her death
D. A, B, and C are correct
38. In terms of grammatical metaphor, the sentence ‘Mary worked so hard that she succeeded
dramatically in her study” can be transferred into:
A. Mary’s hard work was her dramatical success in her study
B. The reason of Mary’s dramatical success in her study was her hard work
C. Both A & B are correct
D. None is correct
39. Identify the interpersonal theme in the sentence: Not surprisingly, then, its operations
were viewed with admiration
A. Not surprisingly B. then C. its operations D. were viewed
40. Identify the textual theme in the sentence: Not surprisingly, then, its operations were
viewed with admiration
A. Its operations B. then C. Not surprisingly D. with administration

BÀI ÔN 02 (giống tờ ôn gk thầy phát)

TEST 2022-2023 FOR REVISION

Course: FUNCTIONAL MMAR Test code:

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Date: Time allocation: 60’

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From the following table, name the type of SUBJECT in 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 [logical S,
grammatical S, and Psychological S]
This teapot My aunt Was given by The duke
1.1Psychological S 1.2 Grammatical S 1.3 Logical S

Put THEME and RHEME into the right boxes 2.1.& 2.2:
2.1…………THEME………………… 2.2……………RHEME…………
The duke Gave my aunt this teapot
logical Subject
grammatical Subject
psychological Subject

Choose the types of clause and put them in the right boxes 3.2, and 3.3 [ clause as message,
clause as exchange, clause as representation]
Metafunction Definition of kind of Corresponding status in clause Favoured type
meaning of structure
experiential Construing a model of 3.1 clause as representation.
experience
interpersonal Enacting social 3.2 clause as exchange
relationship
Textual Creating relevance to 3.3 clause as message
context
logical Construing logical
relations

4.Read the following sentences: Then, underline the part which indicates Marked Theme and
circle the part which indicates Unmarked Theme.
4.1. In a city defined by power, the virus has seized control.
4.2.Now they’re partners in fighting the coronavirus.
4.3. (What Jack and Jill did) was go up the hill.
4.4.(We) are facing a global health crisis unlike any in the 75-year history of the United
Nations.
4.5. Whatever you do, don’t forget the plane tickets.
5. Read the following statements and ONLYgive a tick √ at the end of each statement if it is
right in Halliday’s view:
5.1 The Theme functions in the structure of the clause as a message. A clause has meaning as
message, a quantum of information; the Theme is the point of departure for the message. It is
the element the speaker selects for ‘grounding’ what he is going on ta say……√ ………

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5.2. The Subject functions in the structure of the clause as exchange. A clause has meaning as
an exchange, a transaction between speaker and listener; the Subject is the warranty of the
exchange. It is the element the speaker makes responsible for the validity of what he is
saying……√ ……..
5.3. Language is only a system of rules for people to make grammatical sentences in
communication………
6. Analyze this sentence ‘She’s great fun but her husband’s rather dull’ into ranks
6.1.WORD: ……………………………………..…………………………………….
6.2.GROUP: ………………………..…………………………………………………
6.3. CLAUSE: …………………………………………………………………………
7. Fill in the blanks with the right words/ phrases that make the statements complete in
meaning:
7.1. …Discourse organization…..has to do with ways in which a stretch of language is
organized in relation to its context. It is important in the creation of coherence in spoken and
written text.
7.2. The remainder of the message, the part in which the Theme is developed, is called
………rheme……….
7.3. The Theme is a function in the Clause as ………message……….
7.4. Theme is not necessarily a …nominal…… group. It may also be an ……
adverbial…….. group or ………prepositional……….. phrase.
7.5. There is only one Topical Theme to a clause. A Topical Theme is either ……marked
topical theme…….. or …………unmarked topical theme……….
7.6. Adjuncts commonly function as the theme. Typically, the theme is realized by an
adverb which may provide the speaker’s ……judgement………, assessment or attitude
towards the message.
7.7. The usual ……continuatives………… are: yes, no, well, oh, so, thus
7.8. …Psychological……SUBJECT: That which is the concern of the message.
7.9. …Grammatical Subject…………: That of which something is predicated
7.10……Logical Subject………… means the doer of the action.
8. ‘The duke’ in the clause The duke gave my aunt this teapot is a grammatical subject and
in this case it is also 8.1. a…psychological……. subject and 8.2. a ……logical……… subject
9. Name the right type of subject in the blank for each underlined unit of the clause:
This teapot my aunt was given by the duke
9.1 Psychological S 9.2 Grammatical S 9.3 Logical S
THEME RHEME

10. Underline the element FINITE and circle the element PREDICATOR in the sentence ‘ I
have (been) a teacher at this University for 40 years’.
11. Read the passage/ sentence and write YES if you think it is RIGHT or NO if you think it
is WRONG at the end of each:
11.1 The finite element has the function of making the proposition finite.It circumscribes
proposition; it brings the proposition down to earth. It relates the proposition to its context in
the speech event. This can be done in one of two ways: By reference to the time of speaking

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or by reference to the judgment of the speaker. Finiteness is thus expressed by means of a
verbal operator which is either TEMPORAL or MODAL………YES…….
11. 2. Subject & Finite are closely linked together, and combined to form one constituent
which we call the MOOD………YES…………

12. Fill in the blanks with SUBJECT, FINITE, MOOD and RESIDUE
The duke has given that teapot away

12.1……S………… 12.2…finite……
12.3……………mood…………. 12.4. ……residue………

13. Grammatical metaphor is considered as:

A. variation in the expression of a given meaning
B. variation in the meaning of a given expression
C. the three types of meaning in expressions: ideational GM, Interpersonal GM and textual
GM.
D. A and C are correct.
14. Grammatical metaphor is created basically on functional expressions of:
A. nominalization B. verbalization C. phrases D. sentences
15. Metaphorical variation is:
A. Lexica lgrammatical rather than simply lexical.
B. lexical rathan lexical grammatical
C. just a congruent expression in different forms
D. A,B and C are incorrect
16. Read the following passage and underline what you think is expressed
METAPHORIACLLY:
But it is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her
citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given
the Negro people a bad check. A check that has come back marked insufficient funds. But we
refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are
insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity in this Nation. So we have come to cash
this check. A check that will give us the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
17. Read the following and underline what you think is THEME:
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed
the Emancipation Proclamation.
Ôn tập 1.
1. Which following clause contains behavioural process?
Process type Example (Process in bold)

A Please remember the program and do not –to support it in the meeting

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 B The old lady told a interesting story last week

C They admire the beautiful scenery

D She is smiling at me
2. Identify the sentence with relational process:
A. The headphones that his father bought in Gucci Shop pleased David.
B. Tuesday is the deadline for the blogpost..
C. David knew he was getting headphones for Christmas.
D. Some curry was bought for Charles.
3. Identify the clause(s) with marked theme
A. My daughter bought a new car last week.
B. Last week my daughter bought a new car
C. A new car my daughter bought last week.
D. Both B and C
4. Which of the following sentences contains an identifying clause?
A. My favorite book is also my friend’s.
B. The woman in the red dress is my sister.
C. I found a beautiful seashell on the beach.
D. The movie was too long and boring.
5. Point out the THEME and RHEME of the sentence: “A wise old owl lived in an oak”.
A.“A wise old owl” is THEME, “lived in an oak” is RHEME
B.“An owl” is THEME, “lived in an oak” is RHEME
C.“A wise old owl” is THEME, “an oak” is RHEME
D.“wise old owl” is THEME, “lived in an oak” is RHEME
6.What are other names of existential processes?
A. Being or Having.
B Doing or Existing
C. Existing or Happening
D. Happening or Doing
7. What type of clause in the following: The dog bit him.
A. Transitive material clauses
B. Identifying clause
C. Intransitive material clauses
D. Mental clause
8. What is the affected participant in: “The boy kicked a ball”.
A. kicked
B. boy
C. a ball
D. The boy kicked
9. Identify the function of ‘the court’ in “The doormouse crossed the court”.
A. Scope: process
B. Process: material

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C. Scope: entity
D. Actor
10. Identify the function of ‘his wife’ in “Fred bought a present for his wife”.
A. Attribute
B. Client
C. Scope
D. Recipient
11.What does the process of doing usually have?
A. Actor & circumstance
B. Process & goal
C. Goal & actor
D. Process & actor
12. Identify the goal in this clause “The lion caught the tourist in the park”
A. the lion
B. caught
C. the tourist
D. in the park
13. Choose the sentence that contains an intransitive verb
A. The girl carries water to the village
B. A light was shining
C. Juan loves rainbow
D. I caught a cold
14. Identify the textual theme in the sentence: Not surprisingly, then, its operations were
viewed with admiration
A. Its operations
B. then
C. Not surprisingly
D. with administration

15. Identify the participant(s) in the sentence ‘The girl has achieved some good results in her
study’
A. In her study
B. the girl/ some good results
C. has achieved
D. the girl
16. Identify circumstance in the sentence: The girl has achieved some good results in her
study
A. The girl
B. some results
C. in
D. in her study
17. Identify the multiple theme in the sentence ‘But, John, I am so sorry about that.’

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A. But, John
B. But, John, I
C. But, I
D. so sorry about that
18. In terms of grammatical metaphor, the sentence “She died because she didn’t know the
rules” can be transferred into:
A. She died because of her ignorance of the rules
B. She died due to her ignorance of the rules
C. Her ignorance of the rules led to her death
D. A, B, and C are correct
19. In terms of grammatical metaphor, the sentence ‘Mary worked so hard that she succeeded
dramatically in her study” can be transferred into:
A. Mary’s hard work was her dramatical success in her study
B. The reason of Mary’s dramatical success in her study was her hard work
C. Both A & B are correct
D. None is correct

20. Identify the interpersonal theme in the sentence ‘Not surprisingly, then, its operations
were viewed with admiration’
A. Not surprisingly
B. then
C. its operations
D. were viewed
21.Analyze “Did you hear him?” I asked her.“ Did you hear him?” is considered as
A. a quotation
B. a report
C. A & B are correct
D. A& B are wrong
22.“Tokyo remained the capital for many years” is a:
A. Mental process
B. Relational process
C. Behavorial process
D. Material process
23.“This type of coffee tastes delicious” is a:
A. Verbal process
B. Existential process
C. Mental process
D. Relational process
24.“She was in a ward on the third floor” a relational process. So, she is called:
A. Identifier
B. Phenomenon
C. Carrier

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D. Existent
25. “Half an hour later he returned” is a message; it can be analyzed:
A. “Half an hour later” as theme
B. ‘He returned’ as rheme
C. “Half an hour later” as marked theme
D. A, B, & C are correct
26. “Our parents are coming!”
A. ‘Mood’ consists of ‘Our parents’ and ‘are’
B. ‘Mood’ consists of ‘Our parents’ and ‘are coming’
C. There is no any mood in the sentence
D. ‘Mood’ consists of ‘are coming’
27.Would you like this teapot is:
A. A command
B. An offer
C. An invitation
D. A question but it functions as an offer
28. “If I were you I wouldn’t do that” functionally is:
A. A common conditional sentence
B. A conditional sentence that serves as an advice
C. A conditonal sentence has the cause-effect meaning
D. A, B and C are wrong
29.“Sister Susie’s sewing shirts for soldiers” can anylyzed as:
A. “Sister Susie’s” is mood and “sewing shirst for soldiers” is residue
B. ‘Sewing shirts’ is predicator and ‘soldiers’ is adjunct
C. ‘Sewing’ is finite and ‘soldiers’ is complement
D. A, B and C are correct
30. Identify types of mood: a. What do you want to be in the future?
b.I am studying to be a doctor. c. Leave me alone
A. a.‘What do you want to be in the future?’ is interrogative mood
B. b.‘I am studying to be a doctor’ is declarative mood
C. c. ‘Leave me alone’ is imperative mood
D. A, B and C are correct
31. “Why don’t we go to the theatre tonight?” is understood as
A. a question but it functions as a suggestion
B. a real question
C. an imperative mood
D. a negative question
32.Identify types of process in: “Below the castle stretches a vast plain”
A. Relational process
B. Existential process
C. Behavioural process
D. Material process
33.Identify the grammatical subject in: “Below the castle stretches a vast plain”
A. The castle

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B. Below
C. A vast plain
D. A&B are correct
34.Identify the circumstance in “Below the castle stretches a vast plain”
A. Below
B. Below the castle
C. A vast plain
D. Stretches a vast plain
35.Downgrade the complex sentence into a simple one: “I will take a holiday when the course
is over”
A. After the course I will take a holiday
B. My holiday will follow the course
C. After the course is my holiday
D. A, B & C are correct
36.Identify theme in the interrogative mood “Whose books are they?”
A. Whose books
B. Whose
C. They
D. Whose books are
37. Identify theme in the interrogative mood “Which side do you belong to?”
A. Which
B. Side
C. Which side
D. Which side do you
38.Transfer the sentence “I strongly believe that he will be successful” in other ways:
A. Our strong belief is that he will succeed
B. That he will be successful is my strong belief
C. His future success is my strong belief
D. A, B & C are right
39.“The theme functions in the structure of the clause as………..”
A. Exchange
B. Message
C. Representation
D. Textual meaning
40. “ ……………. functions in the structure of the clause as exchange.”
A. The subject
B. The theme
C. The actor
D. The psychological subject
Ôn tập 9
1. Downgrade the complex sentence into a simple one: “I will take a holiday when the
course is over”
A. After the course I will take a holiday
B. My holiday will follow the course

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C. After the course is my holiday
D. A, B & C are correct
2. Identify theme in the interrogative mood “Whose books are they?”
A. Whose books
B. Whose
C. They
D. Whose books are
3. Identify theme in the interrogative mood “ Which side do you belong to?”
A. Which
B. Side
C. Which side
D. Which side do you
4. Transfer the sentence “I strongly believe that he will be successful” in other ways:
A. Our strong belief is that he will succeed
B. That he will be successful is my strong belief
C. His future success is my strong belief
D. A, B & C are right
5. “The theme functions in the structure of the clause as………..”
A. Exchange
B. Message
C. Representation
D. Textual meaning
6. “ ……………. functions in the structure of the clause as exchange.”
A. The subject
B. The theme
C. The actor
D. The psychological subject
7. “ …………functions in the structure of the clause as representation.”
A. The grammatical subject
B. The logical subject
C. The actor
D. The psychological subject
8. ‘Theme’ can be TEXTUAL, INTERPERSONAL AND ………’
A. TOPICAL
B. IDEATIONAL
C. EXPERIENTIAL
D. A,B &C are correct
9. Halliday’s functional grammar basically depends on …………
A. Semantics
B. Structuralism
C. Phonetics
D. Sounds
10. In the clause ‘ What I like now is drink a cup of coffee’, ‘ drink a cup of coffee’ is
labelled as ……….in the structure of textual meaning

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A. Residue
B. Rheme
C. Mood
D. Theme
11. Dynamic verbs are typically used in ……….. processes
A. Mental
B. Relational
C. Material
D. Existential
12. In the clause ‘ Mary liked the gift’, ‘Mary’ functions as……….
A. Grammatical subject
B. Goal
C. Affected
D. A & B are correct
13. Which clause shows marked tenses (unusual tenses):
A. They build a house
B. They are building a house now
C. I am knowing the city
D. A & B are correct
14. “…………….has to do with the ways language represents our experience of the world”
A. Experiential meaning
B. Interpersonal meaning
C. Textual meaning
D. A, B & C are correct
15. Which clause contains the circumstance and also the marked theme in the same position:
A. In a city defined by power, the virus has seized control.
B. We are facing a global health crisis unlike any in the 75-year history of the UNs.
C. They’re partners in fighting the coronavirus.
D. Could you tell me what has happened there?
16. Theme is not necessarily a nominal group. It may also be an adverbial group or
a………………..
A. Verbal phrase
B. Prepositional phrase
C. Adjective phrase
D. A,B& C are correct
37. Grammatical metaphor is considered as:
A. variation in the expression of a given meaning
B. variation in the meaning of a given expression
C. the three types of meaning in expressions: ideational GM, Interpersonal GM and textual
GM.
D. A and C are correct.
38. Identify the marked theme in the clause: ‘Five score years ago, a great American, in
whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation’.
A. a great American

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B. the Emancipation Proclamation
C. in whose symbolic shadow
D. Five score years ago
39. Fill in the blank in the clause: “The remainder of the message, the part in which the
Theme is developed, is called ……………….”
A. Mood
B. Rheme
C. Finite
D. Residue
40. The clause ‘ I gave my love a ring ’ can be functionally anayzed:
A. I: Actor, gave: Process, a ring: Participant
B. I: Actor, gave: Process, my love: Recipient, a ring: Goal
C. I: Participant, gave: Verb, my love: Complement
D. A,B & C are correct

Ôn tập 10
1. “Half an hour later he returned” is a message; it can be analyzed:
A. “Half an hour later” as theme
B. ‘He returned’ as rheme
C. “Half an hour later” as marked theme
D. A, B, & C are correct
2. Fill in the blank: “ ……. is the element which serves as the point of departure of the
message:
A. Theme
B. Rheme
C. Subject
D. Circumstance
3. “ But one hundred years later” in “ But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free”
functions as:
A. Subject
B. Multiple theme: ‘But’ as textual theme; ‘one hundred years later’ as topical theme
C. Unmarked theme
D. Simple theme
4. “Mood consists of two parts: ……….. and ………….”
A. Subject and Finite
B. Subject and verb
C. A & B are correct
D. A,B & C are correct
5. Identify mood in “Our parents are coming!”
A. ‘Mood’ consists of subject ‘Our parents’ and finite ‘are’
B. ‘Mood’ consists of ‘Our parents’ and ‘ are coming’
C. There is no any mood in the sentence
D. ‘Mood’ consists of ‘are coming’
6. Identify the type of process in ‘On the wall hangs a nice picture’

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A. Existential process
B. Behavourial process
C. Ralational process
D. Verbal process
7. Identify participants and process in “Never ask what the country do for you; ask what you
can do for your country”
A. The country is participant
B. ‘Ask’ is a verbal process and ‘do’ is a material process
C. A & B are correct
D. A, B & C are wrong
8. Identify the type of process in: “Below the castle stretches a vast plain”
A. Relational process
B. Existential process
C. Behavioural process
D. Material process

Ôn tâp11
28. Which of the following sentences contains an identifying clause?
A. My favorite book is also my friend’s.
B. The woman in the red dress is my sister.
C. I found a beautiful seashell on the beach.
D. The movie was too long and boring.
32. Identify the function of this UNDERLINED one. “The doormouse crossed the court”.
A. Scope: process
B. Process: material
C. Scope: entity
D. Actor
37 Identify theme in the interrogative mood “ Which side do you belong to?”
A. Which
B. Side
C. Which side
D. Which side do you
38.Transfer the sentence “I strongly believe that he will be successful” in other ways:
A. Our strong belief is that he will succeed
B. That he will be successful is my strong belief
C. His future success is my strong belief
D. A, B & C are right
39.“The theme functions in the structure of the clause as………..”
A. Exchange
B. Message
C. Representation

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D. Textual meaning
40. Identify theme in the interrogative mood “Whose books are they?”
A. Whose books
B. Whose
C. They
D. Whose books are

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