COMPARISON DEGREE
Universitas Esa Unggul
Intermediate Grammar
Nyoman Putra Antara
Degrees of Comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another.
They refer to adjectives being written in different forms to compare one, two or more nouns
which are words describing persons, places, and things.
There are 3 (three) Degrees of Comparison in English, they are:
The Positive Degree. (This offers no comparison.)
Examples: rich, pretty, handsome, good
The Comparative Degree (This shows the greater or lesser degree.)
Examples: richer, prettier, more handsome, better
The Superlative Degree (This shows the greatest or least degree.)
Examples: richest, prettiest, most handsome, best
The table below offers some more examples of the three degrees of comparison:
Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree
sharp
sharper sharpest
(adjective)
happy
happier happiest
(adjective)
precise
more precise most precise
(adjective)
fast
faster fastest
(adverb)
merrily
more merrily most merrily
(adverb)
badly
worse worst
(adverb)
Remember, however, that the comparative and superlative degrees show less and least
degrees too. Therefore, the table above ought to look more like this:
Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree
sharp sharper sharpest
(adjective) less sharp (or blunter) least sharp (or bluntest)
happy happier happiest
(adjective) less happy (or sadder) least happy (or saddest)
precise more precise most precise
(adjective) less precise least precise
fast faster fastest
(adverb) slower (or, possibly, less fast) slowest (or, possibly, least fast)
merrily more merrily most merrily
(adverb) less merrily least merrily
badly
worse worst
(adverb)
I. Positive Degree
Positive Degree is the simplest form of the adjective and has no special ending. An
adjective is said to be in the positive degree when there is no comparison. When we
speak about only one person or thing, We use the Positive degree. The term positive
degree relates to adjectives and adverbs. An adjective or adverb that does not make a
comparison is said to be in the positive degree. (In other words, the positive degree is
the normal form of an adjective or adverb).
Examples of Positive Degree:
This house is big. (In this sentence only one noun “The house" is talked about)
He is a tall student.
This flower is beautiful.
He is an intelligent boy.
Each sentence mentioned above talks about only one noun. The positive degrees in
those sentences merely describe the quality, without expressing or suggesting any
comparison.
A. Positive Degree with “As”
No comparison doesn’t mean that the noun has no similar quality with the other
noun. We can compare 2 nouns that have the same degree by using “as”. Look at
these examples:
Adjective Sentence
Brave : The mouse is as brave as the lion.
Calm : My mother’s voice is as calmas my grandmother’s.
Loyal : Hachi is as loyal as any other dogs I have.
Gentle : Do not be afraid, the cat is as gentle as a baby.
Sweet : My friend’s words are always as sweet as sugar.
Adverb Sentence
Abruptly : You stood up as abruptly as I did.
Easily : I finished the task as easilyas how my teacher did it.
Sorrowfully : The singer sings the song as sorrowfully as possible.
Delicately : The fabric is sewn as delicately as a fragile thing.
Lazily : You walked as lazily as the old man.
B. Positive Degree with “Like”
Using “like” in a sentence means that those two thing have the same degree. Look at
these example:
Positive Degree Sentence
Tall : I am tall like my father.
Beautiful : The little girl is beautiful like a fairy.
Ugly : The duck is not ugly like the one in the story.
Mean : He is not mean like his brother.
Thin : The bread is thin like a paper.
C. Positive Degree with “Alike”
The using of “alike” in a sentence also means that both object are in the same
degree. Look at these examples:
Positive Degree Sentence
Delicious : Our delicious meals are alike.
Bright : Their bright water bottles are alike.
Dull : The dull paint of the buildings are alike.
Spicy : The two spicy spaghetti taste alike, I do not like them.
Bitter : The bitter medicine look alike so I cannot differentiate them.
D. Positive Degree with “As+Subject”
Still at the same degree. Just look at these examples:
Positive Degree Sentence
Kind My daughter kindness is as her father’s kindness.
Shallow The shallow adult’s swimming pool is as the children’s pool.
Loud She talks as loud as I do.
Small She is as small as I am.
II. Comparative Degree
A comparative is the form of adjective or adverb used to compare two things. The
comparative degree of an adjective is formed by adding the termination -er to the
positive degree. It denotes that the quality exists in the object described in a higher
degree than in some other object.
Here are some examples of comparatives (comparatives shaded):
Mark is taller.
(taller = comparative of the adjective tall)
Mark listens more attentively these days.
(more attentively = comparative of the adverb attentively)
When you hire people who are smarter than you are, you prove you are smarter
than they are. (R H Grant)
(smarter = comparative of the adjective smart)
Nothing is impossible. Some things are just less likely than others. (Jonathan
Winters)
(less likely = comparative of the adverb likely)
Often, the comparative form of an adjective or adverb can be formed by adding
the suffix -er or by placing more (or less) before. Here are some examples:
Example Word Type Formed Comparative
small adjective add -er smaller
quickly adverb precede with more more quickly
quickly adverb precede with less less quickly
However, it is a little more complicated than just adding -er or using more. The section
on the right offers more detail on how to form comparatives.
III. Superlative Degree
A superlative is a form of an adjective or an adverb used for comparison. The superlative
form of an adjective is used to show something has a quality to the greatest or least
degree. The superlative form of an adverb is used to show something has performed an
action to the greatest or least degree. The superlative degree is formed by adding est to
the positive degree. It denotes that the quality exists in the highest degree in the object
described.
Here are some examples of superlatives (shaded):
Neville is tallest.
(tallest = superlative form of the adjective tall)
Mark listens most attentively of all the students.
(most attentively = superlative form of the adverb attentively)
The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new
discoveries, is not "Eureka!" but "That's funny." (Isaac Asimov, 1920-1992)
(most exciting = superlative form of the adjective exciting)
What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we least expected generally happens.
(Benjamin Disraeli, 1804-1881)
(least expected = superlative form of the adverb little; The word little can be an
adverb or an adjective.)
In general, the superlative form of an adjective or adverb can be formed by:
Adding the suffix -est if the word has one syllable, e.g., tallest.
Preceding with most (or least) if the word has more than one syllable.
There are several spelling rules to consider though. There are also a few irregular ones,
and some of these are commonly used adjectives and adverbs. For example:
The best defense against the atom bomb is not to be there when it goes off.
(Anon from the US)
(best = superlative form of the adjective good)
Pearl is the worst behaved dolphin in the project's history.
(worst = superlative form of the adverb badly)
Superlatives are used to compare more than two things. When comparing just two
things, you must use a comparative. For example:
The Mercedes is the fastest car in the race.
(fastest = superlative of fast; The Mercedes is being compared against more than
one other car)
The Mercedes is faster than the McLaren this year.
(faster = comparative of fast; The Mercedes is being compared against one other
car)
