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Water and Sediment Test

This document provides a standard laboratory test method for determining the water and sediment content in crude oil using centrifugation. It notes that centrifugation is not entirely accurate and preferred methods use distillation to measure water and extraction to measure sediment. The method involves mixing equal volumes of crude oil and toluene in a centrifuge tube, then centrifuging to separate the denser water and sediment layer on the bottom to measure its volume. Precision values are provided stating the maximum expected differences between repeatability and reproducibility test results.

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DECIPOLO, KENNETH JOHN E.
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355 views5 pages

Water and Sediment Test

This document provides a standard laboratory test method for determining the water and sediment content in crude oil using centrifugation. It notes that centrifugation is not entirely accurate and preferred methods use distillation to measure water and extraction to measure sediment. The method involves mixing equal volumes of crude oil and toluene in a centrifuge tube, then centrifuging to separate the denser water and sediment layer on the bottom to measure its volume. Precision values are provided stating the maximum expected differences between repeatability and reproducibility test results.

Uploaded by

DECIPOLO, KENNETH JOHN E.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Water and Sediment Test

Standard Test Method for Water and


Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge
Method (Laboratory Procedure)

Significance and Use


The water and sediment content of crude oil is significant because it can
cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A
determination of water and sediment content is required to measure
accurately net volumes of actual oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and
custody transfers. It is not anticipated that this test method, which is
written with a dedicated laboratory facility in mind, is likely to be used
in field test rooms or sample rooms due to safety concerns for proper
ventilation and handling.
Scope
1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and
sediment in crude oils by means of the centrifuge procedure. This
centrifuge method for determining water and sediment in crude oils is
not entirely satisfactory. The amount of water detected is almost always
lower than the actual water content. When a highly accurate value is
required, the revised procedures for water by distillation, Test Method
D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) (Note 1), and sediment by extraction,
Test Method D473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1), shall be used.

NOTE 1: Test Method D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) has been
determined to be the preferred and most accurate method for the
determination of water.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information


only.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Specific warning statements appear in 6.1, 8.3, and A1.5.4.
Summary of Test Method
Equal volumes of crude oil and water-saturated toluene are placed into a
cone-shaped centrifuge tube. After centrifugation,the volume of the
higher density water and sediment layer at the bottom of the tube is read.

Solvent
Toluene—conforming to the IP Specification for Methylbenzenes
(Toluenes) or to ISO 5272. (Warning- Flammable. Keep away from
heat, sparks, and open flame. Vapor harmful. Toluene is toxic. Particular
care must be takento avoid breathing the vapor and to protect the eyes.
Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged
or repeated contact with the skin.)

Sampling
Sampling is defined as all steps required to obtain an aliquot of the
contents of any pipe, tank, or other system and toplace the sample into
the laboratory test container.

Sample Mixing—is typically required to obtain a test portion


representative of the bulk sample to be tested, but precautions shall be
taken to maintain the integrity of the sample during this operation.
Mixing of volatile crude petroleum containing water or sediments, or
both, may result in the loss of light components.
Precision and Bias
Precision- The precision of this test method, as determined by statistical
examination of inter laboratory test results in the range from 0.01 to 1.0
%.

Repeatability—The difference between two test results, obtained by the


same operator with the same apparatus under constant operating
conditions on identical test material, would, in the long run, in the
normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the following
value in only one case in twenty:
From 0.0 % to 0.3 % water.
From 0.3 % to 1.0 % water, repeatability is constant at 0.12.
Reproducibility—The difference between two single and independent
test results obtained by different operators working in different
laboratories on identical test material, would, in the long run, in the
normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the following
value in only one case in twenty:
From 0.0 % to 0.3 % water.
From 0.3 % to 1.0 % water, reproducibility is constant at 0.28.

Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias because the value
of water and sediment can be defined only in terms of a test method.
Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias because the value
of water and sediment can be defined only in terms of a test method.

References:
https://www.astm.org/d4007-11r16e01.html
https://pentasflora.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/D4007.pdf

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