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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
635 views81 pagesHI 6.1 A 6.5 (2000)
Norma HI 6.1 a 6.5 (2000)
Uploaded by
DivoneiPauloCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 81
ANSI/HT 6.1-6.5-2000
ANSUHT 6.1-6.5-2000
American National Standard for
Reciprocating
Power Pumps
for Nomenclature,
Definitions, Application,
and Operation
Hydraulic
9 Sylvan Way
Parsippany, New Jersey
(07054-3802
wompumps.org
NORMAS TECNICAS
OMEL
ARQUIVO Tecnico —_DaTA: (9/075 ANSUHI 6.1-6.5-2000
American National Standard for
Reciprocating Power Pumps
for Nomenclature, Definitions,
Application, and Operation
Secretariat
Hydraulic Institute
www pumps.org
Approved March 15, 2000
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
Recycled
paper
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. American
National
Standard
Publishes By
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the
requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met
by the standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANS! Board of Standards
Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected
interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not nec-
essarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered,
and that a concerted effort be made toward thelr resolution.
‘The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does
‘not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not,
from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce:
dures not conforming to the standards,
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no
circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American
National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests
for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name
‘appears on the tile page ofthis standard.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at
any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that
action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of
‘American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by call-
ing or writing the American National Standards Institue,
Hydraulic Institute
9 Sylvan Way, Parsippany, NJ 07054-3802
www.pumps.org
Copyright © 2000 Hydraulic Institute
Allrights reserved.
‘No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form,
in an electronic revieval system or otherwise, without prior
‘writen permission ofthe publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 1-880952-39-4
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic institute, All Rights Reserved. Contents.
Rowers ee ete
6 Reciprocating power pumps
60 Scope . poo
64 Types and nomenciature .
6.1.1 Horizontal pump
61.2 Vertical pump ....
6.1.3 Piston pump ...
61.4 Plunger pump.
6.1.5 Single-acting pump.
61.8 Double-acting pump
6.1.7 Simplex pump...
61.8 Duplex pump.....
6.1.9 Multiplex pump .
6.1.10 Description of components
BAA Liquidend......-. ese
6.1.12 Power end.
62 Definitions.
62.1 Flow rate.
622 Pressures ...
623 Power (P)
624 Efficiencies (n)
62.5 Pistons, plungers and valves
626 Suction conditions. ......
627 SUEY. eee seers
63 Design and application .
63.1 Typical services
63.2 Basic speeds...
63.3 Discussion of speeds
63.4 Starting power pumps.
63.5 Electric motor locked-rotor torques.
6.3.6 Inlet system for power pumps.
63.7 Discharge piping... .. :
63.8 Calculating volumetric efficiency for water (ny).
63.9 Calculating volumetric efficiency for hydrocarbons (my)
63.10 Piston and plunger pumps for slurry service.
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic institute, All Rights Reserved.
27
= 29
Bsss
23
23
24
20
20
33,
34
- 38
38
45
47 64 Installation, operation and maintenance. - 55
64.1 Safety... 5
642 Storage... 55
64.3 Location of pump 55
644 Protection against seepage or Hood 55
64.5 Provision for servicing space . coe 8B
64.6 Foundation senor)
647 Installation... 86
648 Plunger orpiston rod packing Installation... 60
649 Cuptype pistons. - 84
64.10 Installation. - 84
64.11 Inspection . - 65
Ce ee 6
65 Reference and source material... ... ene)
65.1 NEMA-MG1-1993, Motors and Generators «.......+.+. 69
Appendic A INDEX oes ev eee eens ++ 70
Figures
6.1 — Types of reciprocating power 5
6.2 — Horizontal single-acting plunger power pump... .
6.3 — Vertical single-acting plunger power pump
6.4 —Horizontal double-acting piston power pump
6.5 — Horizontal double-acting plunger power pump . .
6.6 — Horizontal triplex plunger pump, on base, belt drive
6.7 — Vertical triplex plunger pump, on base, gear reduction.
6.8 — Liquid oylinder..... ee eevee
6.9 — Manifold
6.10— Piston assembly .
6.11 —Bulland snap piston .
6.12 —Cup type piston .
6.13—Slush piston. -
6.14 — Individual ring piston . . .
6.15—Plunger
6.16 — Stuffing box...
6.17 —Packing
6.18 — Gland.
6.19— Lantern ring ..
6.20— Plate valve assembly.
621 —Disc valve assembly ....
6.22 — Wing guided valve assembly. ....
a eoNNNVN Naa aaov rv ad
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. 6.23 — Ball vaive assembly. Gl
6.24 — Upper crosshead.
6.25 — Liquid end, horizontal plunger power pump. .
6.26 — Liquid end, vertical plunger power pump. ......
6.27 — Liquid end, horizontal side pot piston pump oaceGo00
6.28 — Liquid end, horizontal vaive plate piston pump ...........2.0000. TT
6.29 — Power frame (one piece)
6.30— Crankshatt....
631 — Sieove bearing. ......
6:32— Tapered roller bearing.
633— Connecting rod ...
6.34 — Crankpin bearing
6.35 — Power crosshead.
6.36 — Wrist pin bearing
6.37 — Crosshead extension. . .
6.38 — Frame extension
6.39— Power end, horizontal plunger power pump
6.40— Power end, vertical plunger power pump : fen
{8.41 — Power end, hoizoniel duplex power pump wih inlegfl gears... 18
6.42— Disc valve ... 24
6.43— Plate valve... 24
6.44 — Wing guided valve ceceeeeeee ees 2b
6.45 — Ball valve... a6 : 25
6.484 —Percont of basic pun speed a6 a function of average lui velocity
through suction vaive (liquid velocity before derating) (Metric units) 31
6.468 — Percent of basic pump speed as a function of average liquid velocity
through suction valve (liquid velocity before derating) (US units)
6.47 — Schematics of liquid bypass systems «6.22... esses eves eee es 96
6.48— Suction tanks... 38
6.49 — Recommended isalaton of muliple purps to common manifolds .. 38
6.50 — Recommended connection of piping sections... . . 22 99
6.51 — Installation of eccentric reducers... . 40
6.52 — Startup strainers - 40
{653 — Suction syst relationships - open supply
: wee AD
6.54 — Suction system relationships — closed supply 43
6.55 — Suggested piping system for power pumps... ... 46
6.56 — Plunger movement when calculating volumetric efficiency .......... 49
6.57 — Thermal expansion and compressibilly of liquids. 61
6.58 — Foundation bolt data . cee Oe)
6.59 — Correct tension for V-belt drives... esse eeeeeeee 60
6.60 — Piston packing joints e
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. 6.61 —Hydraulic packing ........ 260. 63
6.62 — Bull ing packing 63
6.63 —Cup type packing 65
6.64 — Assembling cup piston 5 85
6.68—Conect and incorrect pleton rod nut tightening... 85
Tables
6.1 —List of parts by key name — liquid end parts 12
6.2 —List of parts by key name— power end parts.........cs.e0eeeeceee 19
6.3 — Symbols.
6.4 —Subscripts ..... egos - 22
6.5 — Barometric pressure versus elevation... 2.0.2 226.cceeeeeeeeeees 28
6.6 — Minimum locked-rotor torque ratings. ....-....seeeeeeeeeeee
6.7 — Water compressibility factor By x 10° (US units) .... cece eee 4B.
6.8 — Water compressibility fy x 10° (US units) 49
6.9A— Physical properties of hydrocarbons (Metric) 50
6.98 — Physical properties of hydrocarbons (US Units) ....... 6.2.5 - 82
6.10 — Suggested trial set pressures of pump relief valves .......
6.11A— Proper spring pull tension for new and used belts (Metric)...
6.1 1B — Proper spring pull tension for new and used belts (US units)
6.12 — Maximum temperature for ring materials. . os
6.13 —Maxinum concenvation of chemicals for phenolic type rings.
6.14 — Malfunctions — cause and remedy. .
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. Foreword (Not part of Standard)
Purpose and aims of the Hydraulic Institute
The purpose and aims of the Institute are to promote the continued growth and
well-being of pump manufacturers and further the interests of the public in such
matters as are involved in manufacturing, engineering, distribution, safely, trans-
portation and other problems of the industry, and to this end, among other things:
a) To develop and publish standards for pumps;
b)_ To collect and disseminate information of value to its members and to the
public;
©) To appear for its members before governmental departments and agencies
and olher bodies in regard to matters affecting the industry,
) To increase the amount and to improve the quality of pump service to the public;
) To support educational and research activities;
4) To promote the business interests of its members but not to engage in busi-
‘ness of the kind ordinarily carried on for profi or to perform particular services
for its members or individual persons as distinguished from activities to
Improve the business conditions and lawful interests of all of its members.
Purpose of Standards
1) Hydraulic Institute Standards are adopted in the public interest and are
designed to help eliminate misunderstandings between the manufacturer,
the purchaser and/or the user and to assist the purchaser in selecting and
‘obtaining the proper product for a particular need.
2). Use of Hydraulic Institute Standards is completely voluntary. Existence of
Hydraulic Institute Standards does not in any respect preclude a member
{rom manufacturing or selling products not conforming to the Standards.
Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic Institute
‘Quoting from Article XV, Standards, of the By-Laws of the Institute, Section B:
“An Institute Standard defines the product, material, process or procedure with
reference to one or more of the following: nomenclature, composition, construc>
tion, dimensions, tolerances, safety, operating characteristics, performance, qual-
iy, rating, testing and service for which designed.”
Comments from users
‘Comments from users of this Standard will be appreciated, to help the Hydraulic
Inetitute prepare even more useful future editions. Questions arising from the con-
tent of this Standard may be directed to the Hydraulic Institute. It will direct all
‘such questions to the appropriate technical committee for provision of a suitable
answer.
Ia dispute arises regarding contents of an Institute publication or an answer pro-
vvided by the Institute to a question such as indicated above, the point in question
shall be referred to the Executive Committee of the Hydraulic institute, which then
shall act as a Board of Appeals.
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. Revisions
‘Tho Standards of the Hydraulic Institute are subject to constant review, and revi-
sions are undertaken whenever it is found necessary because of new develop-
ments and progress in the art. If no revisions are made for five years, the
standards are reaffirmed using the ANSI canvass procedure.
Units of Measurement
Metric units of measurement are used; corresponding US units appear in brack-
ets. Charts, graphs and sample calculations are also shown in both metric and US
units.
Since values given in metric units are not exact equivalents to values given in US
Units, its important that the selected units of measure to be applied be stated in
reference to this standard. Ifno such statement is provided, metric units shall govern,
Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the Canvass
Method
“The following organizations, recognized as having an interest in the standardiza-
tion of centritugal pumps were contacted prior to the approval of this revision of
the standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessary imply that the organization
Concurred with the submittal of the proposed standard to ANSI.
Bal Seal Engineering
Black & Veatch LLP.
Bran & Luebbe ‘McFarland Pump Company
Brown & Caldwell Pacer Pumps
Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. Pinellas County, Gen. Serv. Dept.
Cheng Fluid Systems, Inc. ‘The Process Group, LLC
David Brown Union Pumps Raytheon Engineers & Constructors
DeWante & Stowell ‘Skidmore
Equistar LP ‘South Florida Water Mgmt. Dist
Exeter Energy Limited Partnership Stone & Webster Eng. Corp.
Fluid Sealing Association ‘Summers Engineering, Inc.
Minois Department of Transportation _Systecon, Inc.
Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Company Tuthill Pump Group
Krebs Consulting Service
vil
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Types and Nomenclature — 2000
6 Reciprocating power pumps
6.0 Scope
‘This Standard applies to reciprocating power pumps. It
includes types and nomenclature; defintons; design and
application; and installation, operation and maintenance.
6.1 Types and nomenclature
‘A reciprocating power pump is one driven by power
from an outside source applied to the crankshaft of the
Pump. It consists ofa liquid end and a power end,
6.1.1 Horizontal pump
The axial centerline of the cylinder is horizontal (see
Figure 6.2).
6.1.2. Vertical pump
The axial centertine of the cylinder is vertical (see Fig
ure 6.3)
[— Horizontal
Reciprocating power ——|
Vertical
6.1.3. Piston pump
‘The liquid end contains pistons (see Figure 6.4).
6.1.4 Plunger pump
‘The liquid end contains plungers (see Figures 6.2, 6.3
and 6.5).
6.1.5 Single-acting pump
Liquid is discharged only during the forward stroke of
the plunger or piston, thats, during one halt ofthe rev-
‘lution ofthe crankshatt (see Figures 6.2 and 6.9)
6.1.6 Double-acting pump
Liquid is discharged during both the forward and return
strokes of the piston or pair of opposed plungers. That
\s, discharge takes place during the entire revolution of
the crankshalt (see Figures 6.4 and 6.5).
‘Single-acting Piston ‘Simplex
Duplex
Double-acting | piunger— ‘ Muttipiex
Figure 6.1 — Types of reciprocating power
Figure 6.2 — Horizontal single-acting plunger power pump
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Types and Nomenciature —
6.1.7. Simplex pump
Contains one piston or one plunger or a pair of
‘opposed plungers driven by one connecting rod (see
Figures 6.4 and 6.5).
6.1.8 Duplex pump
Contains two pistons or two plungers or two pair of
‘opposed plungers driven by two connecting rods.
Figure 6.
— Vertical single-acting plunger
power pump
2000
6.1.9 Multiplex pump
Contains more than two pistons or two single-acting or
‘opposed plungers.
Number of Power
Crossheads ‘Type pump
1 ‘Simplex
2 Duplex
3 Triplex
5 Quintuplex.
7 Septuplex
8 Nonuplex
6.1.10 Deseription of components
The nomenclature and definitions in these standards
were prepared to provide a means for identifying the
various pump components included in these Stan-
dards and also to serve as a common language for all
who deal with this type of equipment.
‘The following definitions and drawings illustrate typical
construction of reciprocating power pump components
but do not necessarily represent recommended
designs. Variations in design may exist without violat-
Ing the intent of these Standards.
6.1.10.1 Right and left hand shaft extension of
Power pumps
“Right” or “eft hand” designates the side of the power
end (see Section 6.1.11) from which the crankshaft or
Figure 6,4 — Horizontal double-acting piston power pump
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Types and Nomenclature — 2000
‘aqup 1199 ‘e8eq uo ‘duund soBunyd xejdin yewozuoH — 9°9 anBis
.59m:
"ace, = 14x081
Total acceleration head:
= 0.98 +2.62 = 360m
{60x 1000 x9.81 _
8.80% 1909x081 ~ 95.3 kPa
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved, EXAMPLE (US units): Given a 2 inch x 5 inch tri-
pilex pump running at 360 rpm with a capacity of 73
‘9pm of water with a suction pipe made up of 4 feet
Of 4:inch pipe and 20 feet of 6-inch pipe, determine
the acceleration head and pressure.
‘Average velocity in 4-Inch pipe:
‘Average velocity in 6-inch pipe:
ee eel x73 .
ip = BUTS « ost ips;
‘Acceleration head in 4-inch pipe:
fp, = 4X1.84 x360x.066
‘ace, 14x322
‘Acceleration head in 6-inch pipe:
= 20.811 x360 x.066 _
acc = 4.4 x92.2 Co
‘Total acceleration head:
3.88 ft;
h,
Nago = 888-+8.55 = 12.49 ft.
Mace _ 12.43% 1.0 _
se 4821.0 - 5.38 psi
Pact
627 Slurry
A mixture consisting of solid particles dispersed in a
liquid.
6.2.7.1 Apparent viscosity
‘The viscosity of a non-Newtonian slurry at a particu-
lar rate of shear, expressed in terms applicable to
Newtonian fluids.
62.7.2 Critical carrying velocity
‘The mean velocily of the specific slurry in a particular
conduit, above which the solids phase remains in sus-
pension and below which solid-iquid separation
‘occurs,
6.2.7.3. Effective particle diameter
‘The single size used to represent the behavior of @
rmixture of various sizes of particles in a slurry. This
designation is used by some engineers to calculate
‘system requirements and pump performance.
Hi Reciprocating Power Pump Definitions — 2000
6.2.7.4 Friction characteristic
‘Atterm used to describe the resistance to flow which is
‘exhibited by solid-iquid mixtures at various rates of
flow.
62.7.5 Heterogeneous mixture
‘A mixture of solids and a liquid in which the solids are
‘not uniformly distributed,
6.2.7.6 Homogeneous flow (fully suspended
solids)
‘A type of slurry flow in which the solids are thoroughly
‘mixed in the flowing stream and a negligible amount of
the solids are sliding along the conduit wall
62.7.7 Homogeneous mixture
‘A mixture of solids and a liquid in which the solids are
uniformly distributed.
6.2.7.8 Non-homogeneous tlow (partially
‘suspended solids)
‘Attype of slurry flow in which the solids are stratified,
with @ portion of the solids sliding along the conduit
wall. Sometimes called “heterogeneous flow" or “low
with partially suspended solids.”
62.7.9 Non-settling slurry
A slurry in which the solids do not settle to the bottom
of the containing vessel or conduit but remain in sus
ppension, without agitation, for long periods of time,
62.7.10 Percent solids by volume
‘The actual volume of the solid material in a given vol
ume of slurry, divided by the given volume of slurry,
‘multipied by 100.
6.2.7.11 Percent solids by weight
The weight of dry solids in a given volume of slurry,
divided by the total weight of that volume of slurry,
‘multiplied by 100.
6.27.12 Saltation
A condition which exists in a moving stream of slurry
‘when solids settle in the bottom of the stream in ran-
dom agglomerations which build up and wash away
with irregular frequency.
ar
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Insitute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Definitions — 2000
62.7.13 Settling slurry
Asslurry in which the solids move to the bottom of the
containing vessel or conduit at a discernible rate but
which remain in suspension if the slurry is agitated
‘constantly.
62.7.14 Settling velocity
The rate at which the solids in a slurry move to the bol-
tom of a container of liquid that is not in motion. (Not to
be confused with the velocity of a slurry that is less
than the critical carrying velocity as defined above.)
28
‘Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Insitute, All Rights Reserved. HHI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
6.3 Design and application
‘The purpose of this section is to provide general
‘guidelines for the application of reciprocating power
pumps.
63.41
‘Typical services
‘Absorption oil charge;
‘Amine charge;
‘Ammonia injection;
Boiler feed;
Carbamate;
Caustic injection;
Giyco! injection;
High-pressure water cleaning and cutting;
Homogenizing (foods, chemicals, fuels);
Hydraulic systems in steel and aluminum mills;
Hydrostatic test;
Pipeline (hydrocarbons, ammonia);
Reactor charge (nuclear power plant);
Rerun;
Reverse osmosis;
Salt water disposal;
‘Secondary recovery (oll field production);
Slurry (ores, coal, soap, drilling mud) — See
discussion in Section 6.3.10;
Spray drying;
‘Standby liquid control (nuclear power plant);
Tranter;
‘Wash-water injection;
Waste disposal.
63.2 Basic spoods
Conditions of installation and variations in design have
significant influence in the selection of speed. The val
Les which follow are intended to serve as guidelines
forbasic speed ralings based on pumping cold water.
Single-acting plunger-type power pumps
‘Stroke length
Basic speed (rpm)
mm inch®
50 2 | 0
7s 3 530
100 4 420
125 5 360
150 ‘ 316
175 7 20
200 8 262
® Values rounded for convenience.
‘Double-acting piston-type power pumps
‘Stroke length
Basic speed (*pm)
mt che
50 2 | “|
100 4 116
160 6 100
200 8 80
250 10 83
300 12 78
350 4 4
400 16 70
3 Values rounded for convenience.
For an intermediate stroke length, speed may be inter-
polated.
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
It should be noted that these speeds are intended only
as reference points. Some manulacturers offer their
‘pumps for operation at or above these basic speeds.
Others recommend lower speeds.
‘When a pump originally designed for low viscosity liq
Uids is used for liquids of higher viscosity, basic pump.
speed reduction is necessary to obtain proper valve
‘dynamics and prevent liquid separation. The following
procedure should be followed to reduce basic pump
‘speeds when viscosity ranges from 65 to 6500 mm/s
(800 to 30,000 SSU). Only pumps specifically
designed for high viscosity service should be used for
liquids with viscosities above 6500 mm*/s (30,000
SSU).
1) Using standard selection criteria, select a
pump for the required flow rate and pressure,
disregarding viscosity. This determines suc-
tion valve size (area) and required operating
‘speed;
2) Determine liquid viscosity at pump
temperature;
8) Calculate the average suction valve liquid
velocity for required flow rate:
= 5560
(Metric units) v = 5566
6420
(Us units) v = 26
Where:
v = Average valve liquid velocity, misec (fv
sec.);
@ = Flow rate, m¥ihr (gpm);
‘M = Number of suction valves;
A. = Suction valve flow area, (each) mn? (in)
4) Using Figure 6.46, determine the percent of
basic speed reduction required for given liquid
viscosity and suction valve liquid velocity.
Always select the higher liquid velocity curve
when actual velocity falls between the two
curves;
5) Multiply basic speed for pump type selected in
Step 1 by the percent reduction determined in
Step 4;
30
6) If the reduced basic speed is above the oper-
ating speed for unit selected in Step 1, selec-
tion is satisfactory;
7) reduced basic speed is below the operating
‘speed for unit selected in Step 1, the selection
is Invalid for high viscosity liquid, and a larger
pump siz should be selected. Repeat Steps
2 through 5 for new selection;
(Once proper selection is found, the following
Items should be reviewed to assure reason-
able pump performance for high visoosily
applications:
8) Check power end lubrication with manutac-
turer when running at reduced speeds;
9) Ensure NPSHA Is greater than NPSHR.
EXAMPLE (Metric): High viscosity pump selection
= 500 KPa,
Given: Q = 23 mh, py = 14,000 KPa,
Viscosity = 2000 més
1) Select pump based on Q and py, disregarding
viscosity,
Selection 50 x 125 x Triplex n = 327 rpm @
96% VE;
2) Suction valve area A =
from manufacturer)
vm 856023)
e400}
3) From Figure 8.45A, percent of basic speed lor
2000 mmés is 85%;
400 mm? (obtained
78 vs
4) Viscosity corrected basic speed is .85 (960) =
306 rpm
Basic speed for 125-mm stroke pump is 360
‘pm from table above;
55) Since viscosity corrected basic speed is less
than required operating speed, a new selec-
tion is required. Return to Step 1;
1) New selection 65 x 125 quintuplex n =
178 rpm @ 96% VE;
ii) Suction valve area A ~ 2400 mm? (trom
manufacturer}
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. Kinematic viscosity - mm?/s (centistokes)
HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
Liquid velocity through suction vaive
12m
tome
arms
some
2 eo cere
s 58 535
Percent of basic pump speed
Figure 6.46A — Percent of basic pump speed as a function of
‘average liquid velocity through suction valve (liquid velocity
before derating) (Metric units)
at
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
Liquid velocity through suction valve
: 4
i i
oo 5 0 0 ww ww Sw
Percent of basic pump speed
Figure 6.468 — Percent of basic pump speed as a function of
average liquid velocity through suction valve (liquid velocity
‘before derating) (US units)
32
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
v= 85623). = 1.07 mis iy) Viscosity corrected basic speed is
* (6)(2400) 1.00(360) = 360 rpm;
i) From Figure 6.48, percent of basic speed W) Since viscosity corected basic speed is
fom Fg greater than operating speed, selection is
ecopuable for igh cost seve.
iv) Viscosity corrected basic speed is
1.00(860) = 360 rpm; 6.3.3 Discussion of speeds
6.3.3.1 Factors affecting pump maximum
it ted basi
V) Since viscosity corected basic speed is $33.1, F
‘greater than operating speed, selection is
‘acceptable for high viscosity service,
EXAMPLE (US units): High viscosity pump selection
Given: Q = 100 gpm,
Viscosity = 10,000 SSU
= 2000 psi, ps = 50 psi,
1) Select pump based on Q and py, disregarding
Viscosity;
Selection 2 x § x Triplex n = 327 rpm @ 96%
VE;
2) Suction valve area A = 3.70 in® (obtained
from manufacturer)
= 842(100)
v = S2UC) = 8:78 IVs0¢ (use 6.0 sec)
3) From Figure 6.45B, percent of basic speed for
10,000 SSU is 85%;
4) Viscosity corrected basic speed is .85 (360) =
306 rpm
Basic speed for 5-in. stroke pump is 360 rpm
from table above;
'5) Since viscosity corrected basic speed is less
than required operating speed, a new selec-
tion is required. Return to Step 1;
1) New selection 2.65 x 5 quintuplex n =
178 rpm @ 96% VE;
il) Suction valve area A - 3.70 in? (from
= Liquid characteristics: Temperature, viscos-
ity, corrosiveness, compressibilty, the presence
of solids and the presence of dissolved or
entrained gas;
— Application details: NPSH available, piping
esign and layout, pulsation dampeners (it
any), the ambient temperature, shelter, founda-
tion, driving machinery, protective shut-down
devices used, the accessiilly of factory ser-
vice personnel, spare paris and overhaul fact
ties, as desired;
— Pump design: Including valve material, size
‘and type, piston, diaphragm or plunger con-
struction, the choice of packing and packing
lubrication, if any, materials used in liquid end
and trim, the method of driving pump, and
NPSHR.
63.3.2 Type of duty
= Continuous duty: 8 to 24 hours per day, fully
loaded;
= Light duty: 310 8 hours per day, fully loaded;
= Intermittent duty: Up to 8 hours per day, fully
loaded;
= Cyclical operation: Ye minute loaded out of
every 3 minutes;
= Maintenance level: Attended or unattended
mmanactre; peraon, Sl, taining ard oo of operating
fd maintenance personne
v = 2420000) «9.47 Was 8 4.000) 6333, Medium speeds
Power pump speeds at or near the manufacturer's
published ‘rated’ or “normal” curve includes those
applications when clean, cold liquids are involved and
provides long life and economical operation, it all
ii) From Figure 6.45, percent of basic speed
is 100%;
33
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Insitute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
important application details are carefully handled and
regular, skilled maintenance is provided.
Medium speed selection requires excellent piping lay-
‘out, good environment, adequate NPSHA, periodic
preventive maintenance and lubrication, rigidly fixed
piping, and solid pump and prime mover foundations
‘or bases. it may require automatic safely shut-down
evices, suction and discharge dampeners and
plunger or piston rod packing lubrication.
Medium speeds may be too fast for slurries, marginal
NPSH situations, or unattended operation.
6334 Slow speeds
Selection of an operating speed below the manufac:
turers “rated” or “normal” speed curve is often desir
able when any strongly adverse factor is present, such
as the following:
= Abrasive liquid (slurry);
— Hazardous liquid;
— Extreme pressure;
= Corrosive chemical;
= High viscosity;
— Unattended operation;
— Poor maintenance;
— No spare parts, or no standby pump;
= High liquid temperature;
— High ambient temperature;
— Extremely long life desired;
— High-cost downtime of related facilities;
— Extreme isolation of site;
= Radioactive liquid;
Dissolved gas in liquid;
— Borderline suction (NPSHA) situation.
Operation at extremely slow speeds may require sup-
plementary power end lubrication. Cooling of the
34
power end oll may be necessary when hot liquids or
ambients occur. Always consult the manulacturer
when very hot or very cold liquids are involved, Revi-
sions may be required in construction for these types
of applications.
6.3.3.5 High speeds
Selection of speed above manufacturer's “rated” or
“normal” curve andior near his “maximum or “intermit-
tent’ curve (i any) is sometimes merited when inter
mittent, attended service is invoNved. High speed
‘selection requires very close attention to all application
delails, skilled operators and proper pump design. A
suction booster pump may be required to obtain sulf-
cient NPSHA.
High speeds imply that only optimum application fac-
tors are present and reduced life may occur. Some
pumps are inherently designed for high-speed, short-
duration and infrequent usage. All conditions of such
service should be well understood by all parties prior
to the sale, Oil well fracturing, acidizing and cemented
plunger pumps are examples of this type of high-
speed, intermittent application,
6.3.4 Starting power pumps
6.3.4.1 Pump torque characteristics
Selection of pump driver type can be influenced by the
cycical torque characteristic of a reciprocating power
Pump. This is especially true when siow speed pumps
‘are employed. Such equipment offen lacks enough
mechanical mags to smooth out any torque variations,
‘imposed by the pump.
Torque fluctuations imposed by reciprocating power
‘pumps on driving equipment vary according othe kind
or type of power pump, its number of cylinders and the
inertia of the pump and driver rotating masses. Thus,
some pumps are inherenty "smoother then others
because less cyclical variations in dtving torque
occur.
Peak torque requirements of power pumps can often
be dampened by the use of large-diameter drive pul-
leys or sprockets with high torsional inertia. These act
as “lywheels.”
Reduction of peaks in power torque may be possible
by reducing discharge pressure surge peaks, since
torque and discharge pressure are closely related.
Hence, pulsation dampeners which efectively dampen
liquid surging also help smooth out torque variations.
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
Single-acting simplex power pumps have the most
luneven torque requirement of all the types of recipro~
cling power pumps. As the number of cylinders and
pumping strokes-per-revolution increase, the torque
gets smoother. Thus, 2 quintuplex pump is said to be
very “smooth.”
Objectionable amperage fluctuations and heating in
polyphase induction motors driving simplex or duplex
Power pumps can often be minimized by choosing
NEMA Design “C’ or Design "D” motors. These types
of A.C. induction motors provide a “sot” driving torque
that reduces line voltage disturbances caused by
Design *B" motors.
Large double-acting duplex power pumps in particular
tend to cause driver speed surging. This type can also
cause heavy amperage surging in an induction type
electric motor, unless a special motor type is used or
‘other preventive steps are taken,
6.3.4.2 Pump torque requirements
Application of power pumps requires careful consider-
ation of their starting and running torque demands.
These affect the selection of driver motors, motor
starters, engines, gear reducers, belts or chain drives,
couplings and universal oints. The effect of such loads
con an electrical distribution system requires thought,
especially if the pump is large.
‘The starting torque required by a power pump usually
falls into one of two general applications, as follows.
6.3.4.2.1 Starting with liquid bypass
‘Operating person manually opens a bypass valve, or a
Power-actuated dump valve programmed to open
automatically, which bypasses the liquid during the
start and the stop function.
‘A check valve is employed in the pump discharge line.
It remains shut as long as the bypass (dump) valve
remains fully or partly open (see Figure 6.47).
‘The liquid pressure exerted on the plungers (or pis-
tons) is largely that caused by liquid mass and friction
‘as it passes through the bypass valve and piping.
‘When correctly sized, the bypass valve and piping
cause low backpressure. Only a relatively small
torque is required while bypassing the liquid to a tank.
With tiquid bypass, the total starting torque requirement
is mainly related to the mechanical inertia of the pump,
‘couplings, gears and motor rotor. These components,
‘are heavy, and substantial starting torque may be
required. All the liquid in the pump suction line and in
the bypass line must be accelerated from standstil to
full iquid velocities.
The torque needed to accelerate the entire mechani-
cal hydraulic inertia system depends on the inertia of
all the moving parts, including the liquid, the rate of
acceleration and the total system friction.
The rate of acceleration is very important, and the
starting torque is directly proportional to it. Stated
another way: peak torque is inversely proportional to
the time duration of acceleration.
‘A few pumps are provided with mechanical suction
valve unloader devices. These devices reduce the
total starting torque requirement to that needed to
accelerate the mechanical items, such as pump crank-
shatt, gears, couplings, etc. They stop liquid pumping
action by mechanically holding open the pump’s suc-
tion valves, allowing the liquid inducted into each liquid
cylinder to be delivered back into the pump suction.
Because no liquid pumping occurs, the driving
machinery need provide no torque to accelerate the
liquid. Only the torque to overcome mechanical inertia
‘and friction is needed during the start
‘After the pump and driver have reached full speed, the
suction valve unloading devices are retracted, and
‘normal pumping action then commences. At this point,
the driver must supply additional torque to accelerate
the liquid system and also to meet the total running
torque requirement caused by discharge pressure.
6.3.4.2.2 Starting without liquid bypass
Starting @ power pump against discharge pressure
may reduce the life of power end bearings and other
pump and drive components and may prevent com-
plete priming of the liquid end, resulting in rough oper-
ation and reduced rate of flow. This practice should
therefore be avoided except in emergency situations.
Starting without liquid bypass may be divided into two
categories:
First, there are multiple-pump applications where the
pump must start against ful line pressure.
The discharge pressure already exists, having been
developed by the other pumps, and the starting pump
must accelerate against it. No liquid bypassing or suc
tion valve unloading is provided, and it may be termed
“tull-load" starting.
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
Notes: MANUAL, AIR DIAPHRAGM
ump suction system nt shown ‘OR SOLENOID-OPERATED
valve to close after pump reaches full speed.
yas > pe cauce BY-PASS VALVE
PRESSURE RELIEF 0 —
VALVE ip
PULSATION. co
oanrene
ro
0
R= stem
DISCHARGE VALVE
courune | PUMP
exgorme
1
SCHEMATIC: FOR PUMPS WITH SINGLE DISCHARGE CONNECTION
‘Pump suction system not shown.
By-pass valve to close after pump reaches full speed.
PRESSURE RELIEF,
VALVE.
on 2
‘TO TANK
PULSATION
DAMPENER,
MANUAL, AIR. DIAPHRAGM
‘OR SOLENOID-OPERATED
BY-PASS. VALVE: oo
70
OOO |T--—, : ‘SYSTEM
KY CHECK
PUMP PUMP
TO TANK DISCHARGE piscHarce VALVE
PUMP.
ELECTRIC
MOTOR
SCHEMATIC: FOR PUMPS WITH DUAL DISCHARGE CONNECTIONS:
Figure 6.47 — Schematics of liquid bypass systems
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
With fulload starting, the torque requirement is high,
since the driver must accelerate itself, couplings,
‘gears, pump crankshatt, rods, crossheads and plung-
ers. Additionally, it must accelerate all the quid in the
pump’s suction and discharge lines. It must also
develop the torque required to move the plungers or
pistons against the line pressure already present. If
{the pump is engine-driven, a clutch or drive coupling of
‘adequate torque and thermal capacity to meet these
‘demands is chosen,
Full-load, across-the-line motor starting can cause a
prolonged in-rush of high current. Serious motor over-
heating or damage may result unless the motor and its
starting equipment have been generously selected
land sized. An A.C. induction motor provides a fixed
starting torque, related to the applied voltage.
Since the starting torque developed by an induction
‘motor is related to the applied voltage and to the size
and design of the motor, an across-the-tine starter pro-
vides the maximum starting torque. A given induction
motor develops the same locked-rotor (starting) torque
and amperage at this voltage, regardless of the nature
of the driven load. Hi tia loads (within motor
‘capabiliy) simply require longer accelerating time than
do low-inertia loads.
No advantage is really provided by specitying an
induction motor with an extremely high locked-rotor
torque rating. Such motors do accelerate faster, but
they draw more amperage, and cause more power
system disturbance during the start. An A.C. induction
motor with a locked-rotor torque rating of 150% of full
load torque is usually sufficient for fultioad, across-
theline pump starting. Secondly, another fullioad
starting situation may occur when a single pump starts
with no liquid bypassing provided. Pump discharge
pressure is then related very largely to pump speed,
rate of flow and acceleration rate.
Consider a single pump which forces liquid through a
nearly level long piping system. Pump discharge pres-
sure is zero al the instant of starting. Because resis-
tance to flow is caused by liquid inertia and by pipe
friction and fitting restrictions, pump pressure
increases in relation to liquid velocity, often such that
Pump pressure is proportional to the square of flow
rate. Thus, it is proportional to the square of pump
speed and to the rate of acceleration.
Analysis of the starting torque requirement is complex.
‘and depends on the inertia of the accelerating liquid,
the size and length of piping, liquid viscosity and den-
sily, and the elastciy of the piping. If the mass of liquid
is very large, a discharge dampener and a check valve
may be advantageous, since these permit the pump
and its driver to accelerate faster by first delivering lig-
uid into the dampener, rather than into the line.
'No general rules may be given as to the motor locked-
rolor torque needed, because each liquid system is
different. However, il a large liquid dampener is pro-
vided, pipeline pump induction motors with locked:
rolor torques of 125% of rated full-load torque are usu-
ally adequate. An alternate is the automatic bypass
valve and check valve arrangement, with dampener as
shown in Figure 6.47.
‘The arrangement shown in Figure 6.47 is suitable for
‘both single- and multiple-pump applications. It largely
relieves the motor of load from liquid inertia (except
suction) and isolates the pump from the discharge sys-
tem pressure and inertia.
‘The arrangement affords a convenient means of
expeling any air trapped in the pump cylinders before
placing pressure load on the pump. This is desirable,
‘especially for multicylinder pumps which sometimes
become rough and “air bound” alter servicing or pro-
longed idieness. Simply open the liquid bypass valve
to allow the liquid to discharge back to the tank,
thereby expelling the air. When running smoothly,
close bypass valve and thus load the pump.
6.3.4.3 Use of soft start drivers
Another design used to facilitate starting is the use of a
hydraulic drive coupling or eddy-current drive cour
pling. These cause the pump to accelerate more
slowly, while the driver quickly reaches full speed,
Such a drive coupling permits @ reduced rate of pump
{and liquid acceleration, reducing the torque required.
Reduced voltage starting, with less shock to the pump,
the gearing, and the electrical system may be used.
Reduced voltage starters include the primary resistor,
primary reactor, auto-transformer, part-winding, and
‘wye-delta types. All reduce the motor torque and
amperage developed, since all reduce the starting
voltage effectively applied to the motor. Hence, the
pump always must be unloaded, or the motor may not
accelerate to ful-load speed.
Reduced voltage starting causes the least disturbance
to line voltage and avoids the high torsional stresses
and gear tooth loadings which accompany full-voltage,
fulkload starting.
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
Experience indicates that a_normal-starting-torque
electric induction motor (see Table 6.6) provides ade-
‘quate starting torque when a by-pass valve or suction
unloader device is used. (Locked-rotor torque is that
developed at standstill by an induction motor, when full
line voltage is applied.)
Special conditions, such as starting against discharge
pressure, may require a special driver with high stert-
ing torque capability.
6.3.5 Electric motor locked-rotor torques
Table 6.6 summarizes minimum locked-rotor torque
ralings for NEMA Design “B” 60 Hertz squirrel-cage
induction motors expressed as a percent of full-load
torque (see NEMA MG).
6.3.6 Inlet system for power pumps
‘An inlet system for a reciprocating power pump must
provide a flow of liquid at a relatively constant pres-
‘sure fo the pump, at a pressure sufficient to prevent
cavitation. Cavitation occurs whenever the system
‘dynamic pressure drops below the liquic's vapor pres-
‘sure, resulting in the creation and eventual collapse of
vapor bubbles. If the vapor bubbles are entrained in
the liquid or if cavitation occurs in the pump, abnormal
pressure pulses or spikes occur due to the collapsin
‘vapor bubbles. it should be noted that entrained undis
solved gas in the liquid produces substantially the
‘same pressure spikes as cavitation. When severe,
cavitetion-produced pulsations and/or gas ingestion
‘can result in one or more of the following conditions:
1) Vibration in the inlet and outlet piping system
and related components;
2) Piping fatigue failure;
38) Decrease in volumetric efficiency;
4) Reduced life or failure of liquid end compo-
nents (packing, valve components, gaskets,
etc.);
'5) Reduced life or failure of power end compo-
‘nents (bearings, crankshalt,crossheads, etc.);
6) Reduced life or failure of drive train components;
7) Failure of pressure boundary parts subjected
to pressure pulsations.
Itis recommended that the design of the inlet system
for a power pump follow these guidelines:
1) The liquid source shown
6.48 should be designed
features:
tank in Figure
ith the following
1) Sufficient size to allow entrained gas bub-
bles to rise to the surface;
Lines feeding liquid into the tank should
extend below minimum liquid level;
il) Completely submerged baffie plate sepa-
rating incoming from outgoing liquid;
Return from
Return trom ryareulesystem ——ekeup
nyereuteeyetem WA Z
i
Baffle
pia
f.
THA Bese
Drain“ suction
BAD DESIGN GOOD DESIGN
Figure 6.48 — Suction tanks
38
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
iv) Vortex breaker at outlet connection (to
pump);
¥) Inlet piping following the guidelines shown
in Figure 6.55.
‘Table 6.6 — Minimum locked-rotor torque ratings
2) In muttiple-pump installations, each pump
should be provided with a separate inlet line
from the liquid source rather than connecting
two or more pumps to a common manifold
The possibilty of mutually reinforced pulsa-
tions is thus avoided. However, if manifolding
is necessary, the manifold and/or inlet piping
should have a cross-sectional area equal to or
Qfeater than the sum of the cross-sectional
areas of the inlet connections of the individual
pumps. The connection of the individual
1800 1200 ‘pump’s piping to the common manifold should
Rating | Rating | RPM | RPM be as shown in Figures 6.49 and 6.50.
kw) (HP) | Motors | Motors -
3) Inlet piping diameters should be equal to or
5 7 276% 170% greater than the diameter of the pump’s inlet
4.42 1% | 250% | 165% connection. When the inlet piping is larger
as o Be nas than the pump’ inlet connection, only eccen-
tric reducers should be used for piping size
225 3 218% 185% transitions. The eccentric reducer should be
3.75 5 185% 150% placed as close to the pump as possible, with
By fo aes | os its straight section on top to prevent formation
of gas pockets that could cause pressure
7.50 10 165% 150% spikes. See Figure 6.51;
12 18 160% | 140%
fe 5 fae ae 4) High points in the piping system should be
minimized to avoid the accumulation of ges.
19.0 25 180% 138% All “horizontal” runs should slope up toward
228 30 150% | 195% the pump. Any high points in the system
30.0 40 140% | 135%
378 50 140% | 135%
450 60 140% | 135% Decne rer
580 75 140% | 135%
750 100 | 125% | 125% pepsi aries a
95.0 125 110% 125% Lond Ags hema rea of
112 160 110% | 120% aus
150 200 | 100% | 120% canta
190 250 20% | 100% ——
igure 6.49 — Recommended installation of
a co a pe ‘multiple pumps to common manifolds
260 350 0% | 100%
300 400 20%
at tun conection
340 480 80% Miopotmeriod
375, 500 80% oe
NOTE: In the range from .76 through 88 KW ({ through 75
horsepower), the 1800 RPM motors show higher locked-
rotor torque ‘ating than do the 1200 RPM motors. How-
‘ver, from 95 through 260 KW (125 through 350 horse-
power) the 1200 RPM motors have larger ratings.
Locked: rotor torques of erge motors must be carefully eval-
ated betore final selection.
v Manto 90
Figure 6.50 — Recommended connection of
piping sections
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
40
should be provided with vent or bleed-off
connections;
'5) Inlet piping should be as short and direct as
possible with a minimum of turns, bends and
restrictions. Pulsations resulting from long
inlet lines may not be completely eliminated
by pulsation dampeners or by raising the
NPSHA of the system. All bends or turns
should be made with long-radius elbows, 45-
degree elbows, or laterals. If long-radius
elbows are used, they should be installed no
‘loser than five pipe diameters from the pump
Inlet. No two elbows should be closer than
eight pipe diameters. The 45-degree elbows
are greatly preferred to 90-degree elbows. At
ro time should 80-degree short-radius elbows
be used;
6) The inlet system must provide an absolute
pressure that exceeds the sum of the NPSHR
‘of the pump, all fiction losses and accelera-
tion head loss, or any losses due to acoustic
resonances. Additional suction pressure must
be provided if the liquid contains dissolved
gas. The NPSHA must exceed the NPSHR of
the pump by a sufficient margin to prevent
any reduction in volumetric efficiency. AS a
minimum, a margin of at least 28 KPa (4 psi)
should be provided (see Figures 6.53 and
6.54);
NOTE: As the liquid viscosity, specific gravity, or the
pump speed increases, the NPSHR for the pump
Increases and may require additional inlet pressure.
7) For new installations or inlet systems with
recently welded tanks, pipe fittings, etc.,
extreme care must be used to prevent dirt,
scale, and weld slag from entering the pump.
A slartup screen or strainer should be
installed as close to the pump as possible.
This strainer should be conical and have a
flow area three times greater than the flow
area of the inlet pipe (see Figure 6.52). If there
Ls Eceantic
amelsrpioe —_Teducor Small daretor pipe
is any doubt about its regular maintenance or
cleaning, a strainer should not be used
(clogged strainer may cause more damage to
‘a pump than solids);
8) The inlet line valve should have a flow area
‘equal to that of the inlet ine;
9) If a foot valve is used (for a source liquid level
below the pump inlet opening), the net flow
area should at east equal the ow area ofthe
inet tne,
10) An inlet pressure gauge should be located
adjacent to the pump. If possible, the gauge
‘connection should be on the horizontal center-
line of the pumps suction pipe.
It a system does not provide sufficient NPSH and can-
‘ot be redesigned, itis necessary to do one or more of
the following:
1) Install a property sized pulsation dampener
adjacent to the power pump liquid cylinder.
Consult dampener and pump manufacturers
for correct location of device. A properly
charged pulsation dampener may signi
cantly reduce the length of pipe used in the
acceleration head equation (see 6.3.6.4, Pul-
‘sation dampener);
2) Reduce the power pump NPSHR by selecting
a larger, lower-speed unit. The lower speed
will also reduce acceleration head;
'3) Install a booster (charge) pump.
6.3.6.1 Booster pump
‘A.booster for a reciprocating power pump is normally a
centrifugal pump but may be a positive displacement
Cone type strainer
Figure 6.52 — Startup strainers
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Institute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
pump under special conditions (see item 4 below).
Care must be exercised in the selection and installa-
tion of a booster pump, because improper selection
andior installation can result in increased pulsations
and attendant problems. In addition to the recommen-
dations contained in the appropriate section of these
Standards, the following are recommended:
1) Install booster pump as close to inlet source
{as practical (adjacent to inlet line valve in Fig-
ure 6.55);
2) The booster pump must add enough pressure
to the system to provide sufficient NPSHA to
the power pump, allowing for acceleration
head, friction losses and pressure pulsations
due to acoustical resonances;
3) Install pulsation dampener in inlet line adja-
‘cent to the power pump liquid cylinder. Con-
sult dampener and pump manufacturers for
proper location of device. The dampener can
offen be omitted between @ centritugal booster
pump and a low-speed power pump under
any of the following conditions:
’) Diameters of inlet and outlet connections
of a booster pump are equal to, or larger
than, inlet connection on power pump;
|i) Diameters of all piping between liquid
source and power pump are equal to, or
larger than, inlet connection of power
pump;
ii) The booster pump is sized for maximum
instantaneous rate of flow of the power
pump. The following tabulation gives the
percentage that the maximum instanta-
neous rate of flow exceeds the mean rate
of flow for each type of power pump;
con
‘Simplex (1) Single- 220%
acting
sg
‘Duplex (2)| — Double- 27%
% over
‘Type of reciprocating
mean rate
ower pump Cite
ee
Triplex (3)] Single-or | 7%
double-
acting
Quintuplex (6) | Single-or | 2%
double-
acting
‘Septuplex(7)| Single-or | 1%
‘double-
‘acting
Nonuplex (9)| Single-or | 1%
double-
acting
jv) Acceleration head is calculated not only
between booster and power pump but
also between liquid source and booster;
4)_Ilthe booster pump is constan-speed positive:
displacement pump (such as a motor-driven
rotary), a self-regulating bypass valve is
required between pumps. The booster pump
must be sufficiently oversized to provide the
minimum flow required through the bypass
valve,
63.62. Suetion tank
It is recommended that a suction tank, if used, be
arranged as shown in Figure 6.48 for return and make-
up ines.
6.3.6.3. Suction system relationships
‘The parameters that combine to affect the inlet to the
pump are shown diagrammatically in Figures 6.53 and
6.54, which may help in understanding suction system
relationships.
6.3.64 Pulsation dampener
pulsation dampener is a device which reduces liquid
pulsations in the suction or dlecharge piping. Is also
Sometimes called one of the following:
= Suction chamber;
~ Alleviator
= Discharge chamber;
a
Copyright © 2000 By Hydraulic Insitute, All Rights Reserved. HI Reciprocating Power Pump Design and Application — 2000
Acceleration pressure
‘Abcoute vapor pressure
(at pumping temperature)
Margin (28 KPa [4 pi)
‘Suetion ft situation Elevated suction situation
‘Suction tetlonal
Toseee:
{bipe and ftngs) ‘Suton tonal
tosses.
(Give and tinge)
‘Acoalection pressure
1 lfpq> (NPSHA+ margin + Pup + Pace +B)
“Then, a eucton Ht () e possible, and -
Max. l= Pa -(NPSHA + margin + yp +Pace+P)
2 actual suction fl
