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Cs Project 2

This document discusses different types of abstracts, including descriptive, critical, and informative abstracts. Descriptive abstracts objectively summarize the key points of a document without any analysis or critique, while critical abstracts also include an evaluation of the document's validity, reliability, or completeness. Informative abstracts summarize the purpose, methods, results, conclusions, and recommendations. The majority of abstracts are informative and around 300 words. The abstract allows readers to efficiently understand the main arguments and conclusions of a document to determine if they want to read the full paper.

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neil elegio
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50 views

Cs Project 2

This document discusses different types of abstracts, including descriptive, critical, and informative abstracts. Descriptive abstracts objectively summarize the key points of a document without any analysis or critique, while critical abstracts also include an evaluation of the document's validity, reliability, or completeness. Informative abstracts summarize the purpose, methods, results, conclusions, and recommendations. The majority of abstracts are informative and around 300 words. The abstract allows readers to efficiently understand the main arguments and conclusions of a document to determine if they want to read the full paper.

Uploaded by

neil elegio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cs project 2

A critical abstract provides, in addition to describing main findings and information, a


judgment or comment about the study’s validity, reliability, or completeness.
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Descriptive abstract does incorporate key words found in the text and may include the
purpose, methods, and scope of the research.
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A highlight abstract is specifically written to attract the reader’s attention to the study.
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Use the active voice when possible, but note that much of your abstract may require passive
sentence constructions.
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Essentially, the descriptive abstract only describes the work being summarized. Some
researchers consider it an outline of the work, rather than a summary.
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A good informative abstract acts as a surrogate for the work itself.


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Descriptive abstract It makes no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or
conclusions of the research.
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Critical abstracts are generally 400-500 words in length due to the additional interpretive
commentary. These types of abstracts are used infrequently.
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The majority of abstracts are informative.


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Descriptive abstracts are usually very short, 100 words or less.


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Enough key information must be included to make the abstract useful to someone who may
want to examine your work.
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The researcher presents and explains all the main arguments and the important results and
evidence in the paper.
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An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less.


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An informative abstract includes the information that can be found in a descriptive abstract
but it also includes the results and conclusions of the research and the recommendations of
the author.
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No pretense is made of there being either a balanced or complete picture of the paper and,
in fact, incomplete and leading remarks may be used to spark the reader’s interest.
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Abstract is the general summary of your work, with your research paper.
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A descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work.


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The length varies according to discipline, but an informative abstract is usually no more than
300 words in length.
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The researcher evaluates the paper and often compares it with other works on the same
subject.
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The abstract allows you to elaborate upon each major aspect of the paper and helps readers
decide whether they want to read the rest of the paper.
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PRELIM QUIZ 2

Be clear and succinct in defining the research problem and what it is you are proposing to
research.
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Research proposals contain extensive literature reviews. They must provide persuasive
evidence that a need exists for the proposed study.
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A research proposal must be focused and not be "all over the map" or diverge into  on
unrelated tangents without a clear sense of purpose.
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Proposals should be grounded in foundational research that lays a foundation for


understanding the development and scope of the issue.
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Research proposal must explain how it adds to, develops, or challenges existing literature in
the field.
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Your proposed study must inform the reader how and in what ways the study will examine
the problem.
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Research proposals are also used to correctly match you with an appropriate
supervisor/supervision team.
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Proposal describes detailed methodology for conducting the research consistent with
requirements of the professional or academic field and a statement on anticipated
outcomes and/or benefits derived from the study's completion.
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Although a research proposal does not represent a completed research study, there is still
an expectation that it is well-written and follows the style and rules of good academic
writing.
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Be sure that what you propose is doable.


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Your research proposal is an integral part of the Research Degree application process, and
as such, it is worth investing time and energy to ensure that your proposal is strong, clear
and effective.
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An effective proposal is judged on the quality of your writing and, therefore, it is important
that your proposal is coherent, clear, and compelling.
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A proposal should contain all the key elements involved in designing a completed research
study, with sufficient information that allows readers to assess the validity and usefulness of
your proposed study.
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You should identify the importance of your proposed research.


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The goal of a research proposal is two fold  to present and justify the need to study a
research problem and to present the practical ways in which the proposed study should be
conducted.
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Minor issues, even if valid, can be mentioned but they should not dominate the overall
narrative of your proposal.
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Your proposal should focus on only a few key research questions in order to support the
argument that the research needs to be conducted.
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When writing your proposal, it is important to highlight its originality and/or significance.
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The design elements and procedures for conducting research are governed by standards of
the predominant discipline in which the problem resides, therefore, the guidelines for
research proposals are more exacting and less formal than a general project proposal.
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Your proposal needs to outline the nature of your proposed research project, identify your
knowledge of existing literature and provide an indication of how you will conduct your
research project.
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