April 12, 2022 (group 9A)

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (40 points)

I. 1-10 WORD CHOICE
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. Although she would have preferred to carry on working, my mum………her career in order to have
children.
A. devoted B. repealed C. sacrificed D.abolished
2. I find the offer quite ………., but I think I’d rather study at Oxford
A. tempting B. desirous C. inclined D. envious
3. I don’t normally like noisy clubs, but I had a sudden ……….to see what the Blue Parrot was like.
A. force B. motive C. pressure D. impulse
4. Jerry loves snowboarding so much that it’s almost like a drug……….
A. passion B. obsession C. addiction D. requirement
5. I don’t want to do the course in applied statistics, but it’s ……….
A. compulsory B. inevitable C. bound D.indecisive
6. Don’t worry about me - I’m quite……… to sit here and wait for you to come back.
A. ecstatic B. delighted C. joyful D. content
7. When I was pregnant, I often got a sudden ……….for tinned sardines.
A. preference B. craving C. envy D. greed
8. Thank you for thinking of us, but I’m afraid we’re going to have to ……….your kind invitation.
A. decline B. deny C. condemn D.reject
9. I’ve never seen anyone so ……….to their joy as Philip is.
A. eager B. Keen C. dedicated D. interested
10. I wish you would stop wasting so much on your computer games and do something as a little
more………
A. welcome B. enviable C. feasible D. worthwhile

II. 11-20 GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
11. I recommend that Miriam ……….. a boarding school. She'd be much more challenged academically.
(A)attends (C) is attending
(B) attend (D) were attending
12. Ambrose had to take a job at a fast-food restaurant; __...... he wouldn't
have been able to make his car payment.
(A) otherwise (C) had he done so
(B) if so (D) were that the case
13. Many educators seem convinced students would respond favorably to a change in the system.
(A) what (C) that
(B) the fact that (D) whatever
14. …………students wanted to go right into the workplace after graduation
would choose the vocational track.
(A) Whatever (C) Whenever
(B) However (D) Whomever
15. He ………..us on the last day of the congress so his presence at the opening ceremony was something
of a surprise.
(A) must have joined (C) had to join
(B) was to join (D) should join
16. In fact the criminals ……..in because the front door was wide open and so they just walked in.
(A) needn’t have broken (C) didn’t need to break
(B) didn’t need break (D) needn’t to have broken
17. People whose main concern is ………may eventually develop some serious health problems.
(A) not to be overfed (C) not to overfed
(B) not to be overfeeding (D) not overfeeding
18. ………..of Albania was once forested, but ……..of the original vegetation remains, due to centuries of
clearing and livestock grazing.
(A) Much – little (C) Some - few
(B) Many – none (D) Most – any
19. Most critics agree that rather little ………..done by the artist after his illness has any great value.
(A) of what was (C) of that what was
(B) of that was (D) which has been
20. ……….between the two attacks, the commander tried to prevent the enemy troops………their
strength.
(A) Without delaying – to gather (C) In delaying - for gathering
(B) By not delaying – from gathering (D) Having delayed – without gathering

III. 21-30 PREPOSITIONS – PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

21. ………being a little messy, she will be a good flatmate for you.
(A) Far away (C) Beside
(B) At length (D) Apart from
22 ………..working very long hours, John strives to exercise at least trice a week.
(A) Regardless of (C) Because of
(B) On behalf of (D) However
23. There is a rumour………..circulation that the director had a big argument ………the manager at the
last meeting.
(A) on – about (C) for – out
(B) upon – in (D) after – off
24. Factories which produce a lot of toxic fumes are contributing …………the destruction ………the
environment.
(A) for – around (C) into - upon
(B) by – against (D) to – of
25. It’s so hot, I could do ……..a nice cool drink.
(A) up (C) out
(B) with (D) without
26. Once we’d spent all our money, we fell ………our credit card.
(A) out (C) back on
(B) for (D) off
27. I fell ………..one of my friends and haven’t spoken to her for weeks.
(A) in with (C) through
(B) out with (D) behind
28. I can’t get ……….to Joan. I think there’s a fault on the line.
(A) away (C) through
(B) at (D) along
29. The record shop has a promotion and is giving ……….free CDs.
(A) away (C) in
(B) off (D) out
30. He’s a good speaker and gets his views……..very well.
(A) over (C) on
(B) across (D) through

IV. 31-40 COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
31 I haven’t had an accident yet but I’ve had a number of ……….shaves.
A.narror B.near C.close D.tiny
32 My father refused to eat meat that had been fried. He had………..in his bonnet about it causing cancer.

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 A. a bug B. a bee C. a bull D. an ant
33 You really dropped…………the other day when you told Brian you’d seen his wife at the cinema. He
thought she was at her mother’s.
A. a brick B. a stone C. a log D. a plank
34 I can’t stand Mr. Bryant. He’s always blowing his own ... – telling everyone how good he is at
everything.
A. balloon B. breath C. mind D. trumpet
35 The escaped prisoner fought ………before he was finally overpowered
A head over heels B tooth and nail C heart and soul D foot and mouth
36 I didn’t suspect anything at first, but when I noticed her going through the office drawers I began to
smell ……….
A. a rat B. a pig C. a thief D. culprit
37 Jane looked ................at the shop assistant who had been rude to her.
A. arrows B. needles C. poison D. daggers
38 Peter was born and brought up in Hastings and knows it like the……
A nose on his face B tip of his tongue C back of his hand D hair on his head
39 I’ve heard that argument before and quite frankly it just doesn’t………..
A. face the music C. carry weight
B. hit the nail on the head D. hold water
40 John will never buy you a drink - he’s far too ……….. .
A. tight-fisted B. pigheaded C. highly-strung D. easy-going

V. 41-60 READING COMPREHENSION

41-50 READING 1
Read the passage and choose the best option for each questions below
Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea
animals. Humanity's unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading
to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark
species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we
strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And,
in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other
important parts.
A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another
large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United
States protested the use of driftnets for tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these
nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and
economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been
caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same
environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose
population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the
oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million
years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals,
thus performing an important role in nature of weeding out the weaker animals in a
species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to
live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their
efficiency and adaptability to changing environments. It is time for us humans, who
may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast
away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part
of a program for protection of all our natural environment.

41. With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?

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 A. Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations.
B. Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth.
C. Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection
D. The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks.
42. Which of the following is most similar to the meaning of the word "warped" in line 4?
A. distorted B. wasteful C. extravagant D. wanton
43. In line 10, the word "protested" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. prescribed B. objected to C. protected D. reflected on
44. In line 11, the word "generated" could be best replaced by
A. consumed B. absorbed C. designated D. produced
45. How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?
A. They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.
B. They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.
C. They brought political pressure against tuna companies.
D. They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.
46. About how long have sharks lived on the planet?
A. 25 million years B. 150 million years
C. 350 million years D. 500 million years
47. In lines 19-20, the phrase "managed to live" is used to infer that
A. surviving was difficult B. migration was common
C. procreation was expanding D. roaming was necessary
48. The word "proof" in line 20 could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. characteristic B. evidence C. praise D. customary
49. What is the author's tone in this passage?
A. explanatory B. accusatory C. gentle D. proud
50. Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
A. order of importance B. cause and effect
C. statement and example D. chronological order

51-60 READING 2

Read the passage below and choose the correct answers

WATER IN DESERT
Desert areas of the world are not completely void of precipitation, but rainfall
in these regions is known to vary greatly. Typically, scientists use an annual rainfall
amount of four inches as the dividing line between desert and non-desert areas.
While these arid regions may receive a similar amount of rainfall each year, how
that rainfall affects surface water and groundwater resources is largely dependent upon the area’s
topographical characteristics. For example, landforms such as flats
and depressions common to deserts are known to collect water, but these features
constitute only a small percentage of the desert landscape.
It is interesting to note that these arid lands in fact contain some of the earth’s
largest systems of rivers. In the cases of these river systems, the sources of the
rivers lie outside the arid region itself, and hence they are known as “exogenous”
rivers and systems. These exogenous systems play a critical role in nourishing life
in the world’s most parched regions. For example, annual flooding of the Nile,
Tigris, and Euphrates rivers has long supplied residents with water and brought in
fertile silt to help agriculture. With the advent of modern technology, however,
this flooding is largely managed by human hands, which has required more

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governmental cooperation among nations in crafting treaties and agreements
regulating the use of these river basins.
In addition to human intervention, the flow of exogenous rivers is impacted
by the season. Ironically, it sometimes takes a number of months for the effect of a
rainy season outside a desert area to be felt within it, so by the time the peak flow
finally arrives, it may in fact be the driest time of the year. While this additional
water does aid the irrigation for agriculture, weather changes during the dry season
like higher temperatures and lower humidity may make the cultivation of some
crops even more challenging than it is during the normal growing season.
In contrast to exogenous rivers, those identified as “endogenous” systems
begin and end within the arid region. Water in these systems generally comes from
groundwater springs, but many of these rivers are fed by water coming from
limestone massifs, such as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Rivers of this variety
tend not to reach the sea, but instead end up draining into inland basins, where most
of it is simply lost to evaporation or disappears into the ground.
Though rivers and lakes are present in desert areas, groundwater makes up a
much larger percentage of the total water in these regions. However, only a small portion of these
underground deposits ever reach the hydrologic cycle; i.e., it never
enters the constant movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth
that characterizes most of the planet’s other water resources. ■ A) The groundwater
that does enter into this cycle usually does so by feeding the flow of streams or by
maintaining water levels in lakes. Water taken in this way from
groundwater stores is then refilled by surface flows and rainwater. ■ B)
International organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank have
both funded efforts to survey existing groundwater in arid lands and to create
effective methods to draw usable water from these sources. ■ C) These efforts are
particularly necessary due to the lack of clear understanding in these regions about
just how much groundwater exists. ■ D) What is known, however, is that these
groundwater deposits are very unevenly distributed, and that much of this water can
be found deep beneath the earth’s surface.
These groundwater deposits are found underground in open spaces between,
inside, and among rocks and sediment. These water-laden layers of earth are known
as “aquifers.” In general, limestone and sandstone aquifers tend to be deep and
large, which contributes to their relatively high concentration of minerals. They are
usually not replenished because they became saturated more than 10,000 years ago
and do not need to be. These deep aquifers are sometimes called “fossil waters” to
denote the fact that this water has been present for so long. On the other hand,
shallow aquifers found in sand or gravel are much less extensive, but they can
quickly be replenished.
51. According to paragraph 1, what do scientists use to determine whether or not an area is labeled
a desert?
A. The amount of annual rainfall
B. The lack of groundwater resources
C. Topographical characteristics
D. The absence of flats and depressions in the landscape
52. The word “depressions” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A. rifts B. dunes C. ranges D. basins
53. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
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A. Government involvement in the creation of treaties and agreements enhances flood-controlling
modern technology of river basins.
B. Technology has allowed for better human management of floods, making
river basin regulation agreements largely unnecessary.
C. Humans have been able to use technology to control flooding, which has
made international cooperation on the use of river basins more necessary.
D. More modern technology will lead to better flood management because
intergovernmental treaties regarding river basins allow for cooperation.
54. In paragraph 3, the author mentions all of the following about the flow of exogenous
rivers EXCEPT:
A. The impact of the flow is often felt in the driest seasons.
B. The flow can be an aid in the cultivation of crops.
C. The effects of the flow are not felt immediately.
D. The flow is unaffected by the season of the year.
55. According to paragraph 4, what distinguishes an endogenous river from an
exogenous river?
A. An endogenous river flows into a limestone massif.
B. The source of an endogenous river is within the desert region.
C. The endogenous river does not reach the sea.
D. Endogenous rivers have a higher saline content than exogenous rivers.
56. The word “stores” in line 39 is closest in meaning to
A. locations
B. accumulations
C. caves
D. discoveries
57.Why does the passage mention in paragraph 5 the fact that the exact extent of
groundwater resources is still unknown?
A. To highlight the lack of scientific research being done in desert areas.
B. To illustrate the importance of freshwater to the inhabitants of deserts.
C. To explain why the recent actions of the United Nations and others are needed.
D. To show how groundwater can affect the flow of exogenous rivers.
58. The word “replenished” in line 51 is closest in meaning to
A. refilled
B. rejuvenated
C. reinvigorated
D. rescinded
59. What can be inferred in paragraph 7 about shallow aquifers?
A. They tend to have less mineral content than deeper ones.
B. They can quickly be replenished because they were saturated as limestone
aquifers once were.
C. The water from shallow aquifers is unusable because of its proximity to gravel.
D. They are more extensive than limestone aquifers.
60. Look at the four squares [ ■] that indicate where the following sentence could be
added to the passage.
In fact, these water deposits have recently become the focus of increased attention as a
source of freshwater for the inhabitants of desert areas.
Where would the sentence best fit?
A B C D

VI. 61-70 GUIDED CLOZE TESTS

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Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space.

Greenhouse gases are being released into the atmosphere 30 times faster than the time when the Earth
experienced a (61)............. episode of global warming. A study comparing the rate at which carbon dioxide
and methane are being (62)………now, compared to 55 million years ago when global warming also
occurred, has found dramatic differences in the speed of release.
James Zachos, professor of earth sciences at the University of California, Santa Cruz, said the speed of the
present buildup of greenhouse gases is far greater than during the global warming after the (63)................
of the dinosaurs. "The emissions that caused this past episode of global warming probably lasted 10,000
years," Professor Zachos told the American Association for
the Advancement of Science at a meeting ln St. Louis. "By burning fossil fuels, we are likely to emit the
same amount over the next three centuries." He warned that studies of global warming events in the
geological past (64).............". the Earth's climate passes a (65)..........,..... beyond which climate change
accelerates with the help of positive feedbacks - vicious circles of warming. professor Zachos is a leading
(66) .............. on the episode of global warming known as the palaeocene-eocene thermal maximum, when
average global temperatures increased by up to 50C due to a massive release of carbon dioxide and
methane.
His research into the deep ocean (67)................. suggests at this time that about 4.5 billion tons of carbon
entered the atmosphere over 10,000 years. "This will be the same amount of carbon released into the
atmosphere from cars and industrial emissions over the next 300 years if present (68)................ continue",
he said. Although carbon can be released suddenly and naturally into the atmosphere from volcanic
activity, it takes many thousands of years for it to be removed permanently by natural processes. The ocean
is capable of removing carbon, and quickly, but this natural (69)................ can be easily (70)........, which is
probably what happened 55 million years ago. “lt will take tens of thousands of years before atmospheric
carbon dioxide comes down to preindustrial levels," the professor said. "Even after humans stop burning
fossil fuels, the effects will be long-lasting
61.A. prearranged B. premier C. previous D. fundamental
62. A. emitted B. exhaled C. incorporated D. digested
63. A. dementia B. demolition C. detachment D. demise
64. A. comment B. mark C. compliment D. indicate
65. A. Barricade B. verge C. threshold D. perimeter
66. A. autocrat B. authority C. administrator D. proprietor
67. A. dusts B. sediments C. dirt D. powder
68. A. trends B. gadgets C. fads D. crazes
69. A. capacity B. competence C. intelligence D. bulk
70. A. overcharged B. overstated C. overshadowed D. overwhelmed

71 -80 OPEN CLOZE TESTS

Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for
each space.

Most people I know (1)……….. never go to a martial arts movie, even if you paid them, but I defy anyone
not to enjoy seventy minutes in the dark with Jackie Chan. For a start, Chan is more interested in
apologetically evading the bullies that want to do him in than in violent confrontation. His screen persona
is never (2)………. to bombast. Chan is a likeable, bumbling. Everyman who tries to extricate himself
from scrapes with his astounding athletic (3) : as he leaps up the side of a building, you (4)……….swear
he was on wires. With the kind of agility (5) .......... limited to monkeys and flies, Chan seems (6)……of
scuttering up any surface. But it is extremely (7) ……….for him to go on the offensive. The films of
lesser action stars like Jean-Claude Van Damme provide a diet of relentless violence, punctuated
(8)..........now and (9) ………..by some semi-moronic ‘witticism’, but Chan's balletic altercations with his
enemies are as a (10) ..........oriented around the art of comic evasion.

81-90. Use a word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space

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Students learning English as a second language are sometimes given a word by their teacher and asked to
give an (21) .................. (EXPLAIN) as to what that word means; in other words, to provide a (22)
(DEFINE). The (23) .................. (ASSUME) is that if you know a word, you can define it.
(24) ........................(LOGIC), that might make sense, but in reality it is not always
(25) .................. (REASON) to assume that. There are words and phrases that even native speakers use in
conversation without much (26) .................. (THINK) which can lead to (27) .................. (CONFUSE)
when you ask a native speaker to define them. Take the (28) .................. (CONCEIVE) of ‘Zeitgeist’, for
example, which has entered English from German. It’s ...............(DOUBT) much easier to use than it is to
define. With a word like ‘Zeitgeist’, it may be more (30) ...................(SENSE) to test the student’s
understanding in ways other than asking them to define it.
91 -100The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
NO CELLPHONE RESTRICTIONS!
Line 1 It's seeming that I constantly hear the same thing: ''Cell phones are dangerous.
2 We need to severely restrict them. People are dying because of cell phones."
3 Well, I'm thinking cell phones themselves aren't the problem. I'm completely
4 opposed to restrictions on them, and here's why.
5 First, people say cell phones are dangerous to health, so they should be limited.
6 Supporters of this idea say there are being studies showing that cell phones
7 produce radiation that is harmful to users. I think this is nonsense. There hasn't
8 been any real proof. It sounds just another study that ultimately doesn’t mean
9 anything.
10 Second, a lot of teachers are proposing that we not allow cell phones in classes
11 because they're a distraction. I feel pretty angrily about this. Here's a good
12 example. Two weeks ago in my history class, one of the students was having her
13 cell phone on because her mother was really sick and might need a ride to the
14 hospital. The student's mother couldn't contact anyone else. In fact, the student's
15 mother did call, and the student found someone to help her mother. What if her
16 cell phone hadn't been on? The teacher would have felt pretty bad.
17 Third, people argue that using a cell phone while driving is dangerous. I disagree.
18 It's no more safe than turning on the car radio or eating a sandwich. People do
19 those things when they drive. The law says you must have one hand on the
20 steering wheel. It's possible to use a cell phone correct with one hand. I use my
21 cell phone carefully; I always keep one hand on the wheel. Maybe there should
22 be training in ways to use a cell phone good, but we shouldn't prohibit to use cell
23 phones in cars.
24 This has always been a free country. I hope it stays that way

VI. 101 -110 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means the same as the given one.
101 The singer has strongly and publicly opposed the war.
The singer has been a…………………. of the war.
102 We carried out market research to see whether the public would like our new car.
We carried out market research to ………………..to our new car.
103 The rock star made an emotional request for the earthquake victims, which produced a
huge response.
The rock star’s .........................for help for the earthquake victims produced a huge response.
104 The ream will post accounts of their progress on their website every few days,
The team will post……………………on their progress on their website.
Rewrite the following sentences using the given words.
105. After I had introduced my guests to each other I made a long speech on the current changes in the
computer technologies.
Having ………………………………………………………………….
106. George won't lend his tape recorder to you if you don't promise to bring it back by Saturday. (unless)

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107. Jerry had terrible problems with solving the riddle, (hardly)
108. Our representatives have been criticizing the new concept (critical)
109. It doesn't make any difference if they paint the board white or yellow. (matter)
110. Finally, the new prime minister has been appointed. (last)