BAYUGAN NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL

Narra Avenue, Bayugan City

RESEARCH 9

EFFECTIVENESS OF ONION,GINGER,LEMONGRASS TO
EXTERMINATE HOUSEHOLD PESTS

A Ressearch Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of Science, Technology, and Engineering

Bayugan National Comprehensive High School

Bayugan City Division

In partial fulfilment of the requirements in

RESEARCH 9

Cachero, Carl L.

Mamian, Sophia M.

Mojado, Prince V.

Dellosa, Rainvaille

Pradel, Mark

Grade 9-STE B

Crystelle B. Montera

Research Adviser
 BAYUGAN NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL

Narra Avenue, Bayugan City

RESEARCH 9

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

There are a lot of pests found in our houses.First,the most common are
Rodents (Mus musculus), Mosquitoes (Culicade) and Cockroaches
(Periplaneta Americana). Rodents and Cockroaches are known to cause
trauma,allergic reactions onto certain people and put holes in our shirts and
pants.They also carry bacterias that can contaminate your food and cause
diseases. According to the website dph.illnois.gov, Rodents (Mus
musculus) can cause hantavirus,leptospirosis ,lympothitic choriomeningtitis
and et cetera. Other than carrying that diseases rodents can be a threat in
electrical wirings and might cause fire. Whilst, Cockroaches (Periplaneta
Americana) have been implicated in spreading diseasese such as Hepatitis
Virus,Hansen’s Disease or also known as Leprosy. Insect-borne diseases
are a worldwide health problem, especially in tropical and subtropical
climates. Mosquitoes transmit many diseases, including yellow fever,
dengue hemorrhagic fever, malaria, several forms of encephalitis, and
filariasis . For example, malaria has been estimated to kill 3 million persons
per year, including over 1 million children. Mosquito repellents may
effectively protect humans from vector-borne diseases as well as other
problems caused by mosquitoes. Most commonly used method used these
days are using Ultrasonic Devices that repels pests, but there are few side
effects of using ultrasonic devices on people with sensitive healths, they
mentioned that they are experiencing headaches and eye irritability. Other
than Ultrasonic Devices, one of the Most common used these days are
Intestecide spray, For example, Baygon’s Intestecides Spray, However,
according to merckmanuals.com, using Intestecides can cause poisoning
after being swallowed,inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Symptoms
may include eye tearing, coughing,heart problems, breathing difficulties,
and chest pain. In order to avoid such diseases and compilations, what are
the alternative ways of using Intestecides and Ultrasonic devices? .

Statement of the Problem

The study's aim is to figure out what is the most environmentally

sustainable way to get rid of household pests rather than using intesticides.
Intestecides can have side effects for those who inhaled the chemical such
as Headache, Nausea, Chest pain and Et cetera.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study is really significant and will benefit many people
in the society. In this way we can prevent traumas and diseases that were
carried by Rodents, Mosquitos, and Cockroaches such as Hepatitis Virus,
West Nile Virus, and Hantavirus. Even though the said diseases are not
that dangerous, We might still die due to food poisoning since they can
contaminate our foods. Thus, We can say that this study is significant
because this study really has a big impact to the society if we manage to
find an Eco-friendly alternative of Intestecides to exterminate household
pests.

Scope and Delimitation

The main purpose of the study is to determine how the pests react on the
oils of onion, ginger, and lemongrass. The researchers limit the sample into
10 Rodents, 10 cockroaches , and 20 mosquitos.

Definition of Terms

Citronella oil – a fragrant oil found in lemongrass that can repel insects.

Culicade – Scientfic name for Mosquito

Contaminate - make (something) impure by exposure to or addition of a
poisonous or polluting substance

Exterminate – To kill

Hanta Virus - is a virus that is found in the urine, saliva, or droppings of

infected deer mice and some other wild rodents, these can be dangerous
sometimes.

Hepatitis - is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting

or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer

Hansen’s Disease - (also known as leprosy) is an infection caused by

bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. These bacteria grow very slowly and
it may take up to 20 years to develop signs of the infection.
The disease can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose (nasal
mucosa)

Intestecides - a chemical substance made and used for killing insects,

especially those that eat plants

Leptospirosis - is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It is

caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In humans, it can cause a wide
range of symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for other diseases.
Some infected persons, however, may have no symptoms at all.

Lympothitic choriomeningtitis -is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that

presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Its
causative agent is lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus (LCMV),
a member of the family Arenaviridae. The name was coined by Charles
Armstrong in 1934.

Ultrasonic Device – are are devices which make use of transmission of

ultrasonic, sonic or acoustic waves in their functionality, some are used in
repelling pests.

Mus musculus – Scientific name for Rodents

Nausea - a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit.

Periplaneta Americana - Scientific name for American Cockroach

Repel – to drive back

Symptoms - a physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a

condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the
patient
 BAYUGAN NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL

Narra Avenue, Bayugan City

RESEARCH 9

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature

The chemicals found in Intesticides that can kill insects are Bt Intesticides.
Bt insecticides are natural bacteria-produced chemicals that destroy insects
in their larval stage. These Bt insecticides have become very common with
organic farmers because they are natural compounds and because there
are many organisms that kill different types of insects.

These also contain chemicals including hydrogen cyanide, naphthalene,

nicotine, and methyl bromide, which are mostly used to destroy insect
pests in stored goods and to fumigate nursery stock. Despite the fact that
Intesticide has a high success rate. If ingested, inhaled, or absorbed
through the skin, it is extremely toxic and poisonous. They can experience
eye tearing, coughing, heart attacks, breathing difficulties, and chest pain
as a result of their symptoms.

According to the website called helloglow.co, there’s a Citronella oil found

in Lemongrass, and Citronella oil is almost non-toxic to birds. Fish and
other marine species are slightly poisoned by it. However, Citronella oil
repels insects instead of destroying them.According to the research of
Thomas – Connor I * Adetunde, I.(2016), Study of Citronella Mosquito
Repellent Plants in Tubman University, Harper, Maryland County, Liberia
(Paper I),Liberia, WVS Tubman University, Harper, Maryland County,
Liberia.They stated that, Citronella plant is commonly found under a
number of names, such as citronella plant, mosquito plant Geranium,
citrosa Geranium and Pelargonium Citrosum. Though many of its names
leave the impression that it contains citronella, which is a common
ingredient in insect repellent, the plant is actually a variety of scented
geranium that simply produces a citronella-like scent when the leaves are
crushed. Citronella is a beautiful perennial clumping grass that emits a
strong aroma. That aroma masks other scents, and keeps mosquitoes from
being attracted to things located around it. The citronella plant has a much
stronger aroma than other mosquito repellents that contain citronella, it is
naturally mosquito repellents. A true citronella plant closely resembles
lemongrass

Ginger has a compound called Zingeron Ketone which is lethal enough for
pests to feel hot, fever and die. According to the research of H.M
Hamada,M.Awad, M. El –Hefny and M.A.M Moustafa (2018), Insecticidal
Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Oils on
the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae,Egypt. They stated that ginger (Zingiber officinale), a member of
theZingiberaceae family, is a well-known spice usedeitherfreshor driedinthe
dailydietin many coun-tries(Panjietal. 1991; Demin & Yingying 2010).
Therhizomes have been also used for medicinalpurposes in India and
China (Oliver 1959; Hasanet al. 2012). Zingiber officinale showed high
insecti-cidal efficacy on Diphtheria spp. and proved to behighly effective
against mosquito larvae (Okonkwo& Ohaeri 2013).

When an onion is crushed, a compound called allicin is formed. It has been

shown to minimize inflammation and have antioxidant benefits when taken
as a dietary supplement. Allicin is an amino acid contained in fresh garlic.
When you crush or chop a clove, an enzyme called alliinase is produced.
Allicin the compound found in onion that can repel insects.

According to research of Debra,K , Mishek (2014) Onion (Allium cepa) and

garlic (Allium sativum) as pest control intercrops in cabbage based
intercrop systems in Zimbabwe,Zimbabwe. They stated that Onion and
garlic produced compounds such as allicin that had repellent effects on
insect pests on treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4. The allicin compounds repelled
insect pests while in sole cabbage there was no any allicin to repel the
insect pests therefore resulting in a higher pest incidence in the sole
treatment.

I made this Review of Related Literature for us to determine if by adding

the oils/juice of Lemon grass (Citronella Oil) and Onion (Allicin) or Onion
and Ginger ( Zingeron) or Ginger and Lemongrass or by mixing the three
(3) of them can exterminate household pests.

Conceptual Framework

Citronella Oil
and Onion
Repel Pests

Prevent Food
Onion and Poisoning,Contamin
Ginger ation and Diseases
carried by
household pests
Exterminate
Citronella Oil Pests
and Ginger

Citronella Oil,
Ginger, and
Onion
Hypothesis

If we mix the Citronella Oil and Onion, Then we can exterminate

household pests,

If we mix the Onion and Ginger, Then we can exterminate household

pests

If we mix the Citronella Oil and Ginger, Then we can exterminate

household pests

If we mix Citronella Oil, Ginger, and Onion, Then we can exterminate

household pests
 BAYUGAN NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL

Narra Avenue, Bayugan City

RESEARCH 9

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Materials

Ginger, Onion, Lemongrass, Beaker, Syringe, Surgical Gloves, Surgical

Mask, Eye Protection or Goggles, Lab Gown, Tongs, Tweezers, Alcohol,
Jar, Tray, Hair Net, Empty Spray Bottle, Face Shield, First Aid Kit, Rug.

Method

First, We Extract Citronella oil from thhe Lemongrass Stalks and Fill the
Canning jar halfway with them and we put the oil into 3 different jars and
exposed them to the Sun. One is exposed in the sun for 3 days, 5 days,
and 7 days, respectively.

Second, We extract the Allicin from the onion by crushing it and get the oil
by extracting it with Syringe and put it into three (3) different jars and
exposed them to the sun for 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively

Third, We crushed the gingers and put the gingers into three different jars
and let it try for 3 days, 5, and 7 days, respectively.

Lastly, We prepared 4 Empty Spray Bottle, and put the Oils into it and
started testing the subjects.

The Sample

Cockroach,Mosquito, Rodents, Teacher , Group Members , Closed

Environment where civilians are not affected from possible Infection, and
Contamination.
Data Collection Procedure

After the validation of the instruments the researchers secured a written permit
to the administrator of Bayugan Nation Comprehensive Highschool. After the
Given Permission the researcher must ask the Research instructor their
permission and ask them the permission to do the expirement.

Risk and Safety Considerations

The expirement will expect a contamination from the said Subjects, The Rodents,
Cockroach, Mosquitos might carry diseases and contaminate the surrounding
areas. In order to prevent that, the reseachers must expirement in a closed area
too prevent contaminations and infections. The Researchers must wear protective
gears and equipments.

Plan for Data Analysis

Hypothesis

Procedure Data

Subject Outcome
References
H.M Hamada,M.Awad, M. El –Hefny and M.A.M Moustafa (2018), Insecticidal Activity of Garlic
(Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Oils on the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera
littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae,Egypt

Thomas – Connor I * Adetunde, I.(2016), Study of Citronella Mosquito Repellent Plants in

Tubman University, Harper, Maryland County, Liberia (Paper I),Liberia, WVS Tubman
University, Harper, Maryland County, Liberia

Debra,K , Mishek (2014) Onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) as pest control
intercrops in cabbage based intercrop systems in Zimbabwe,Zimbabwe

12 Mosquito Repellents, C. Yoo, https://www.gardendesign.com/plants/mosquito-repellent.html

TOP 7 PLANTS THAT REPEL ROACHES,(2018,October 24), https://diymorning.com/plants-

that-repel-roaches/

THE BENEFITS OF ALLICIN,C. WONG, (2020, July 06), https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-

benefits-of-allicin-88606#:~:text=Allicin%20is%20a%20compound%20produced,enzyme%2C
%20alliinase%2C%20is%20released.