C1 Chapter 4: Acids and alkalis

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Acids and alkalis Indicators Reactions with acids

Acids and alkalis are special solutions
If you want
whichtoare
know if something is an acid or alkali, you need to use an . Indicators contain a that turns differentWhen
colours
an in
acid
and
reacts
solutions.
with a metal element or compound a is formed.
chemical The atoms of the acid are replaced with atoms of the element.
to each other. Zn+H2SO4➞ZnSO4+H2
If a solution is exactly between acid and alkaline it is . +➞+

paper is a type of indicator. It can be either paper or paper.

Acids and alkalis can be: In acid – blue paper turns
c In alkali – red paper turns . alkalis solution.
d A is a compound that can react with an acid to make a neutral
This is called . bases
Bases that are soluble in water are .
copper oxide
Universal indicator solution
The scale sodium hydroxide
pH
measures how calcium oxide
or something is.
0 Add in examples:
hydrochloric acid
1
Neutralisation reactions produce and a .
2
base + acid ➞ salt + water
for example,
3
of acid/alkali particles in a A number of acid/alkali
small amount of water particles in a lot of water. sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid ➞ sodium chloride + water copper oxide + sulfuric acid ➞ copper sulfate + water
4
5
less than 7 is
Some acids and alkalis are . 6
This means that they can exactly 7 is 7 pure water Metals can also react with acids, but they produce a and gas.
cause for example,
if they get on your skin. more than 7 is
8 magnesium + hydrochloric acid ➞ magnesium chloride + hydrogen
9
Universal indicator
Is a type of indicator that tells you 10
how Naming salts
or a solution is – not just whether 11it is acidic or alkaline. It The name of the metal comes , e.g., magnesium chloride. Different acids produce different
turns a different at each – the pH scale shows the colours of universal indicator in acid produces metal
hydrochloric
solutions of different pH. 12 sulfuric acid produces metal
nitric acid produces metal
Acids and alkalis can be extremely dangerous, depending 13
on the type of acid/alkali and its concentration.
14
sodium hydroxide
As a general rule the more the solution, the more
dangerous it can be.
Colour in the pH scale.

Key Words
Make sure you can write a definition for these key terms.
acid alkali base concentrated corrosive dilute indicator litmus neutral neutralisation pH scale salt universal indicator