Muntinlupa Science High School

999 Buendia St., Tunasan, Muntinlupa City

The Efficiency of S.A.R.S.S (Smart Automated Raspberry-Pi Security Solution)

Propose Science Investigatory Project

ROBOTICS

Presented to

Science Department

Project Proponents

YOSHI SEAN T. APUNTAR

JOWEE AUSTIN G. MAGTURO

EDRALYNE P. BRIGOLA

JOHANNE LOREINE B. MAGADA

ELIZA JILLIAN R. NISTAL

CHARLENE NICOLE D. PADRE-E

JHASMINE JHOYZ G. PONCE

MARGARETH ANNE P. TRINIDAD

Research Adviser

Mr. Ric Garry C. Buenavie

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 Approval Sheet
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in their Research subject, the research paper entitled The
Efficiency of S.A.R.S.S (Smart Automated Raspberry-Pi Security Solution) has been prepared and
submitted by Yoshi Sean T. Apuntar, Jowee Austin G. Magturo, Edralyne P. Brigola, Johanne Loreine B.
Magada, Eliza Jillian R. Nistal, Charlene Nicole D. Padre-e, Jhasmine Jhoyz G. Ponce, and Margareth
Anne P. Trinidad who are hereby certified for oral defense.

Ric Garry C. Buenavie Jessie B. Ruiz

Research Adviser Robotics Adviser

Board of Panelists

Name of Panel Name of Panel

Member Member

Name of Panel
Member

Florante C. Marmeto, Ed.D.

Principal IV

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Acknowledgement

First and foremost, the researchers want to express their deep gratitude to all the people

who offered their help in the fulfillment of their research.

To God Almighty, for providing them the strength and wisdom to accomplish the research

paper in spite of the challenges.

To the researchers’ guardians and parents who showed their love and support in all their

endeavors and undertakings during the whole research process. Along with their genuine care and

patronage, the researchers were able to overcome the tough times they had to endure in the

completion of their paper.

To the researchers’ friends and classmates who had witnessed their journey and morally

supported them.

To the teachers, who contributed their knowledge, insights and experiences to help the

researchers revise and improve their work.

Finally, thank you to the researchers’ adviser, Mr. Gerry Adrales, and their research

teacher, Mr. Ric Gary Buenavie, for always encouraging and enhancing the students’ capabilities,

despite the numerous challenges they have encountered.

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Table of Contents

Title Page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

Approval Sheet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

Table of Contents ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4

List of Tables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

Chapter 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
I. The Problem and Its Background -- 6
II. Research Problem 7
III. Hypotheses 7
IV. Research Objectives 8
V. Significance of the Study 8
VI. Scope and Delimitation 8

Chapter 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
I. Review of Related Literature 10
II. Review of Related Studies 12
III. Local Studies 13
IV. Foreign Studies 14
V. Justification of the Proposed Study 15

Chapter 3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
I. Material 16
II. Procedure 16
III. Equipment and Utensils 17
IV. Statistical Treatment 17

Chapter 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
I. Statistical Analysis 20
II. Discussions 23

Chapter 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
I. Summary 25
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 II. Conclusions 25
III. Recommendations 27

Appendix ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28
Bibliography -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30

List of Tables

Table 1 Data of the Experiment Conducted .................................................................... 20

Table 2 Time Converted into Minutes Unit .................................................................... 21
Table 3 T-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances (One-Tail) ....................... 22

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 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Two years ago, one of the researchers had experienced a home invasion. An unknown person

broke into their residence in the middle of the night and took prized possessions such as jewelry

and watches. Various items have gone missing from their drawers, the family said. They later found

signs of struggle on their front door’s lock. Some cabinets were also left cluttered, implying

someone forced to enter and rummage through their property. Evidence convinced them an invasion

took place. However, they had no idea who the offender was, let alone what they looked like. There

is by no means of telling what time did the person break in, or any proof to support their valuables

indeed got stolen. With no sufficient information to report, they could only file a police blotter

while the burglar walks free.

This raised a question from the group researchers: what if they had a way of knowing there

was an invader in the first place, recording their attempt of breaking in their home? The researchers

thought of a possible solution to record occurrences, alert homeowners, and most importantly

prevent these situations from happening.

Then the idea of having a simple, yet helpful home security system came to light – with the

use of Raspberry Pi 3 as a motion alarm via Messenger app.

The Raspberry Pi 3 is a device with the size of a credit card and the abilities of a regular

desktop computer — browsing the Internet, programming, composing documents, and more. It can

also serve as a brain for building phones, laptops, and other gadgets. It also helps in home

automation projects such as light sensors, control panels, surveillance cameras, motion alarms, and

other devices to ensure the security of peoples' homes.

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 This study took inspiration from Prasaath’s (2021) home automation project wherein the

Raspberry Pi 3 (along with a webcam and PIR Motion Sensor) was used in building a motion alarm

that will send alerts via email. When the device detects motion, it will take photos through the

webcam and send them as an email to its designated owner. Though, the researchers observed that

the conditions in the Philippines weren’t in line with the project. So, the researchers chose

Messenger as the platform instead of email. Notifications in the app are faster and easier to view.

It can also be used even with a low amount of Internet data, which is a vital factor since Internet

connection in the Philippines is known to be unstable.

The researchers wanted to examine how a Raspberry Pi 3 can be used in the construction

of a motion alarm and how it would notify people using the Messenger application.

Research Problem

What communication platform will the owner receive message alerts more quickly that

would make SARSS an efficient home security solution?

Hypotheses

H0: SARSS does not notify its owners of detected motion faster than Raspberry Pi 3 Motion Alarm

via Email.

Ha: SARSS notifies its owners of detected motion faster than Raspberry Pi 3 Motion Alarm via

Email.

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Research Objectives

At the end of this study, the researchers should be able to:

1. Create a motion alarm (SARSS) that sends pictures of detected motion via Messenger

2. Determine the communication platform that users have a quicker response time on

3. Determine the communication platform SARSS is most efficient in

Significance of the Study

Installing a home security system in one’s home reduces risks of losing one’s assets,

protects people’s loved ones from potentially harmful people, and documents events that could be

useful in the future. The researchers want to prove the efficiency of Raspberry Pi 3’s ability to ease

such problems and lessen the recorded home invasions within the Philippines. The device is also

designed to be affordable and accessible for its users. It plans to alert its owners via Messenger,

gaining an advantage for free data users to receive a message alert despite not being able to view

photos.

Scope and Delimitation

This study only aims to test the efficiency of the Raspberry Pi 3 as a Motion Alarm via

Messenger instead of using Gmail. This study also focuses on providing security for its owner/s

at an affordable price instead of the society spending on extravagant security systems with similar

functions as Raspberry Pi 3.

However, this study only limits its abilities to determine motion from a certain distance

and a limited view from the camera and also requires a proper camera angle to be able to capture

the detected motion decently. In addition, the Raspberry Pi 3 would not be intended to make noises

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and would only be assigned to take pictures and to send these to its designated Messenger account

and would not be able to identify if the owner’s notifications are muted, identify the possibilities

of the owner possessing unstable internet connection or unstable power supply that may possibly

affect the time the owner would receive the automated messages from the Raspberry Pi 3.

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 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

Motion sensors are the backbone of your home security systems since it can detect

movement of people, animals, and other objects that can show infrared heat. When it detects any

kind of motion within its range, it will send a message or signal to the control panel of your security

system, which is also connected to the monitoring center. It will alert you and the monitoring center

that there can be a potential threat inside your home (Tross, 2021). But the main purpose of this is

to alert its owner of unwanted guests, such as burglars and thieves (Motion Sensor Alarms: A Kisi

Guide, n.d)

The motion sensor made in this article is a simple and easily installable device built using

Raspberry Pi 3, Webcam and PIR Motion Sensor. The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B is always equipped

with on-board Bluetooth (BLE) and Wi-Fi (BCM43438 Wireless LAN), so it can be connected

with the Wi-Fi Router to access the internet. It is the third generation Raspberry Pi. It is a mini

computer with its considerable computing power that is smaller than a credit card. It has a processor

called Broadcom BCM2837 system-on-chip (SoC) which also has a 1.2 GHz Quad Core ARM

Cortex-A53 processor. Most of the materials used to make its system, which includes the central

and graphics processing units along with the audio and communications hardware, are made on a

single component that is also combined with a 1 GB LPDDR2 memory at the center of the board.

It also uses a different ISA (Instruction set Architecture), which is called ARM. It is also equipped

with on-board 10/100 BaseT Ethernet Socket, HDMI and Composite RCA port for video, 3.5 mm

audio output jack, 15-pin MIPI Camera Serial Interface (CSI-2), Display Serial Interface, Bluetooth

4.1, 802.11 b/g/n Wireless LAN, Micro SDIO for Micro SD Card, 4 USB 2.0 Connectors, 40 pin

header containing 27 GPIO pins and Micro USB socket for power supply (Prasaath, 2021). PIR

sensors are used to sense movement of people, animals, and other objects, which means any object

that emits infrared heat. Objects that have a temperature beyond absolute zero can emit heat energy

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in the form of radiation. This radiation cannot be seen by the human eye since it only radiates at

infrared wavelengths. But there is a solution because it can be detected by electronic devices like

the PIR sensor which is built for this purpose (Elijah, n.d)

Motion sensors are used in many facilities like industrial and military premises. There are

many types of motion sensors currently on the market and on the internet today. Motion sensors

for houses are made with personal security and for convenience of families, and motion sensors

that are mostly used in businesses are designed to protect property as well, just on a larger scale.

Motion sensors have evolved in recent years, and now, they use smartphone apps to control their

motion sensors from any location. With these motion sensors that are used in houses, families can

finally enjoy advanced technology for security that can keep them safe and their belongings from

theft (The Importance of Motion Detectors, 2021).

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Review of Related Studies

We are facing today’s security issues because of the enlarging risk of theft and burglary. As

people spend a smaller amount of time on their homes. This gives potential for thieves, burglars,

or trespassers to be able to make a move and do what they plan like stealing someone’s property or

possession. In addition, is the escalation of online shopping that resulted in the increase of porch

pirates (Margapuri, n.d.) Everyone’s concern today is their security and safety. Because of the

rising risk of burglary and theft nowadays, a smart surveillance security camera system became an

answer to this expanding problem (Zakaria, n.d.)

Using surveillance cameras became helpful to many people including residential, business,

and industrial properties. But there are some downsides in using these cameras. Those downsides

include that most surveillance systems cost too much because of different components.

Components like computers, cameras, and cables are costly. The price varies on the size, quality,

and resolutions of the camera. Not all cameras have the best quality or resolution that will result in

unclear footage. It is a useful reference but not a strong evidence because of the lack of quality.

They also need a cloud storage or hard disk with a very large space to save the video and when it

runs out you need another hard disk because it requires you to provide enough storage for the videos

to save. It also requires a continuous power supply for the cameras to continuously record.

Manpower is also needed to monitor the activities in the surveillance cameras. In comparison with

Raspberry Pi the price is less and it is much cheaper than a surveillance system camera. Moreover,

Raspberry Pi’s resolution is much better and uses low power consumption (Zakaria, n.d.) Raspberry

can also be connected to internet connection, which is an advantage. It can be accessed anywhere

as long as you have a connection. Passive infrared sensors are motion sensors that can be connected

to cameras or displays. This motion sensor detects different levels of infrared radiation with a wide

range which is very beneficial to the security camera. It is inexpensive and uses a low power

consumption. This configuration can solve our problems on security and expensive surveillance

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systems with the use of cheap, low power consumption, low maintenance Raspberry Pi ( Margapuri,

n.d.)

Local Studies

Abaya, Basa, and Sy (2014) noticed that CCTV’s are very useful for monitoring 24/7 and

deterring crimes, so they developed a study wherein they used the Raspberry Pi and OpenCV, a

programming function library intended mostly for real-time computer vision, to make a low-cost

smart security camera with night vision capability. This system was created with the purpose of

being used inside a warehouse facility. It has the ability to detect both humans and smoke, which

can serve as a warning to potential criminal activity and fire. In addition, this system consists of a

credit card-sized Raspberry Pi with Open Source Vision software that handles image processing,

alarm control algorithms, and wirelessly sends captured images to the user's email.

They were able to construct a ₱7,000 smart security camera with human detection and

smoke detection functionality, which is less expensive than a smart camera setup with a specialized

IR camera and a laptop as its processor. Moreover, an IR LED light and a customized webcam are

used to obtain night vision capability. As a result of their study, the human detection accuracy is

83.56 percent, whereas the smoke detection accuracy is 83.33 percent.

This study is relevant to our research because it tackles the Raspberry Pi Model, which is

the main material needed in our research. They both use Raspberry Pi to build surveillance cameras

to provide security for people nowadays. However, their study includes both human and smoke

detection with night vision, whereas ours only includes human detection.

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Foreign Studies

Prasaath (2021) created a smart home security system using a Raspberry Pi 3, a webcam,

and a PIR motion sensor. With the help of a PIR sensor, this project detects any visitor and starts

taking images with a USB webcam. Images are temporarily kept on the Raspberry Pi and then

pushed to the Google Cloud, where they are forwarded as an email alert to the homeowner. The Pi

captures images from the webcam and sends them to the user's registered email address using the

OpenCV library.

This study is relevant to our research topic because they both aim to make a device that

can be installed at the main entrance of a house. By simply putting this small device at the main

entry, the user may keep surveillance of his home from anywhere, at any time, and at all times.

However, instead of using email as the receiving platform, we will utilize the messenger app for

faster and more convenient use.

Another study that was conducted by R. Chandana, Dr. S.A.K. Jilani, and Mr. S. Javeed

Hussain (2015) used Thing Speak, an IoT analytics platform, and the Raspberry Pi as a Smart

Surveillance System. The objective of their research is to design and implement a portable

monitoring device for home and office security with the use of Raspberry Pi (model B), gyro, and

Raspberry Pi camera. When motion is detected, this system will monitor it, and the Raspberry Pi

will operate the Raspberry Pi camera to take a picture and send an alert email to the user along with

the photo by using the Wi-Fi adapter according to the program written in the Python environment.

It also includes the feature that the Raspberry Pi camera will only turn on when a signal is detected,

thus saving a significant amount of power over the previous surveillance system.

This study is relevant to our research topic because it also uses the Raspberry Pi in order

to make a motion alarm. Aside from that, this study aims to build a monitoring device for home

and office security to reduce theft and burglary, which is similar to our study, in which we aim to

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make a motion alarm system to prevent home invasion. In addition, both of these studies are also

affordable and aim to help people.

Justification of the Proposed Study

The purpose of this study is to be able to construct a motion alarm with the use of Raspberry

Pi 3. People have been victims of home invasions and burglaries. With this project, we hope to

address society's security issues, particularly in the face of potentially dangerous people.

Nowadays, CCTVs are indispensable devices that allow people to monitor different places

24/7 and deter crimes (Wilson Feipeng Abaya, Jimmy Basa, and Michael Sy, 2014). So we, the

researchers, aim to make a motion sensor that would alert owners of motion detected through

messenger instead of Gmail. This study plans to contribute to society’s needs in view of the

Philippines' comprising over 81 million Facebook users registered as of 2021 (Statista, 2020). We

aim to use Messenger instead of Gmail since it is more convenient for Filipinos, especially because

wifi connections are unstable in our country most of the time. We also intend to keep properties

secure and reduce the number of reported home invasions in the Philippines with this project.

The results of this study have the potential to help in solving the security issues in our

society. Furthermore, the efficiency of the Raspberry Pi's ability can help secure homes and reduce

the number of recorded home invasions in the Philippines. This study could also benefit several

sectors of society because the Raspberry Pi has a low cost, making it an affordable security solution.

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 CHAPTER 3

Material

● Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

● Jumper cables (female to female)

● PIR Motion Sensor

● Power Adapter 5V 2.5A

● 32GB MicroSDHC card

● HD USB Webcam

Procedure

1. Collect the needed apparatus

2. Install the Raspberry Pi OS to the SD card

3. Connect the components to the Raspberry Pi

4. Create the program that sends the photos of the detected motion via Gmail

5. Create the program that sends the photos of the detected motion via Messenger

6. Conduct the controlled setup with the program that uses Gmail for six (6) trials

a. Place the motion alarm within 7m facing to a door

b. Trigger motion at the door at a random time

c. The motion alarm will send the photo of the detected motion via the designated

person’s Gmail account

d. The designated person will reply “Noted” once he or she notices the email

e. Collect the response time of the designated person the alert was sent to

7. Conduct the manipulated setup with the program that uses Messenger for six (6) trials

a. Place the motion alarm within 7m facing to a door

b. Trigger motion at the door at a random time

c. The motion alarm will send the photo of the detected motion via the designated

person’s Messenger account

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 d. The designated person will reply “Noted” once he or she notices the message

e. Collect the response time of the designated person the alert was sent to

8. Collect data from the experimentation results

9. Analyze and inspect the collected data

10. Evaluate the key findings

11. Conclude the study

12. Discuss the results and implications of the study

13. Keep note of the given recommendations

Equipment and Utensils

● Meter stick

● Smartphone

● Internet connection

● Messenger application

Statistical Treatment

The data yielded was sorted, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted accordingly. The

researcher made use of the following statistical treatment:

1. Percentage - This was utilized in order to find by how much percentage the experimental

group was faster than the control group in order to sum up its efficiency.

P=

Where:

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 P - percentage

A - average time taken from data set A

B - average time taken from data set B

2. Standard Deviation - This was made use of to summarize the measurement of how

spread out the data is in relation to the mean.

Where:

s = standard deviation

Σ = summation of

x = data point

x̄ = mean

n = number of values

3. T-Test - This test was employed to find if there was a positive difference between the

means of the time taken of the two groups.

Where:

t = Student’s t-test

μA = mean of data set A

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μB = mean of data set B

(ΣA)2 = sum of data set A, squared

(ΣB)2 = sum of data set B, squared

ΣA2 = sum of the squares of data set A

ΣB2 = sum of the squares of data set B

nA = number of items in data set A

nB = number of items in data set B

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 CHAPTER 4

Statistical Analysis

Table 1

Data of the Experiment Conducted

Research Station Control Group (Gmail) Experimental Group

(Messenger)

1 3 minutes, 18 seconds 1 minute, 42 seconds

2 2 days, 3 hours, 27 minutes, 10 minutes, 51 seconds

36 seconds

3 1 hour, 57 minutes, 22 23 seconds

seconds

4 1 hour, 44 seconds 23 seconds

5 2 hours, 37 minutes, 22 1 minute, 23 seconds

seconds

6 1 day, 13 hours, 31 minutes, 1 hour, 2 minutes, 3 seconds

51 seconds

The time it took for the respondents to reply to the robot’s automated messages were

recorded and tabulated, as seen above. This was done in order to differentiate the speed of owner’s

alertness and notification based on the two platforms used: Gmail and Facebook Messenger. It is

indicated on the table that 94% of the time, owners are notified faster using SARSS than RP3MA

via Email. There were six (6) trials recorded per group, control and experimental. The time taken

for the owner’s to respond to the robot’s alert message in Gmail and Messenger was recorded

accordingly. The fastest time taken to reply in the control group was 3 minutes and 18 seconds,

while the fastest time to be notified in the experimental group was 23 seconds. The slowest time

taken to reply among the owners from the control group was 2 days, 3 hours, 27 minutes, and 36

seconds, while in the experimental group, the slowest was 1 hour, 2 minutes, and 3 seconds. The

average time taken for an owner to reply from the control group was 15 hours, 46 minutes, and 22

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seconds, while the average time for the experimental group recorded was 12 minutes and 47

seconds. This clearly shows that on average, SARSS is 98% faster than Raspberry Pi 3 via Email.

Table 2

Time Converted into Minutes Unit

Research Station Control Group (Gmail) Experimental Group (Messenger)

Set A Set B

1 3.30 minutes 1.70 minutes

2 3087.60 minutes 10.85 minutes

3 1.95 minutes 0.38 minutes

4 60.73 minutes 0.38 minutes

5 157.37 minutes 1.38 minutes

6 2251.53 minutes 62.05 minutes

The time taken was converted into minutes in order to organize in a uniform manner and

to interpret the data clearly. This is the unit the researchers used in statistically treating the data.

Six (6) trials were conducted in order to ensure the speed of these two platforms at notifying its

owners, with the control group using Email as its platform and the experimental group working

with the Messenger platform. Converted into minutes, the fastest time taken for an owner to respond

in Gmail was 3.30 minutes, while in Messenger, the fastest recorded was 0.38 minutes. On the other

hand, the slowest time to reply to Gmail was 3087.60 minutes, then the slowest time to reply in

Messenger took 62.05 minutes. Meanwhile, the average time for respondents to reply in Gmail was

946.37 minutes, which is more than half a day taken on average for owners to be alerted, but then

the average time taken for owners to reply in Messenger was only 12.79 minutes, significantly

faster than the alert time for Gmail.

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 Table 3

T-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances (One-Tail)

Controlled Group (Gmail) Experimental Group (Messenger)

Mean 946.37 12.79
Variance 1854529.036 598.30072
Observations 6 6
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 5
alpha level 0.1
t-Stat 1.678959816
p-value 0.07699890751
t-critical value one-tail 1.475884037

In order for the researchers to prove that SARSS is more efficient than RP3MA via Email,

they employed a two-sample t-test to compare the difference of the two means, wherein if p-value

< α, then the null hypothesis may be rejected. Indicated on the table, the researchers used a one-tail

t-test. This is because the researchers aim to distinguish a positive significant effect, which is

recognizing a faster alert time in Messenger than in Gmail, rather than finding only a significant

difference between the two groups. Moreover, data recorded in table 2 were used in solving for the

t-test. As seen on the table, the p-value, which is approximately 0.077, is less than the alpha level,

0.1. From this information, the researchers may reject the null hypothesis.

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Results

Research Station Control Group (Gmail) Experimental Group

(Messenger)

1 3 minutes, 18 seconds 1 minute, 42 seconds

2 2 days, 3 hours, 27 minutes, 10 minutes, 51 seconds

36 seconds

3 1 hour, 57 minutes, 22 23 seconds

seconds

4 1 hour, 44 seconds 23 seconds

5 2 hours, 37 minutes, 22 1 minute, 23 seconds

seconds

6 1 day, 13 hours, 31 minutes, 1 hour, 2 minutes, 3 seconds

51 seconds

Discussions

In conducting the trials, the experimental and controlled groups were both assigned to be

sent an alert through Messenger and Gmail. To create a more realistic approach, the time the person

sending the alert to the receivers has been randomized during the day to reenact the response of a

house owner in their everyday life when an unexpected circumstance occurs.

However, a number of difficulties in carrying out the experiment were faced by the

researchers. In setting up the motion alarm, there were multiple attempts where the PIR sensor

would not detect motion until a moving subject was within 1 meter away from it. Changing the

sensitivity of the PIR motion was necessary to make the sensor react to motion. Once motion was

detected, it instantly captured pictures and sent them through the chosen platform. Regarding the

time documentation, both Messenger and Gmail do not indicate the number of seconds a text is

sent and received. Some took days and hours to answer the message from the robot, so it was

decided that the significance of the inclusion of seconds in the recorded time received and how it

would affect the overall experimentation is rather very low.

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 Nevertheless, the researchers could account for the difference between the previous work

and the current research based on the existing one. Testing the efficiency of the Raspberry Pi 3 in

the form of a Motion Alarm as a home security system via the platform Messenger, the recorded

time for all six research stations showed the receivers were able to see and respond to the message

alert a lot faster in the experimental group (Messenger) compared to the controlled group wherein

Gmail is used.

Based on the data and evidence gathered, it can be said that the Raspberry Pi 3 in

construction of a Motion Alarm via Messenger is an efficient home security system.

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 CHAPTER 5

Summary

The study, The Efficiency of S.A.R.S.S (Smart Automated Raspberry-Pi Security Solution)

aims to use the Raspberry-Pi as a motion alarm and notify the owners through messenger and gmail.

It focuses on which platform is more efficient to use, whether it is messenger or gmail. To conduct

this research, the researchers used Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, Jumper cables (female to female), PIR

Motion Sensor, Power Adapter 5V 2.5A, 32GB MicroSDHC card, HD USB Webcam, Meter stick,

Smartphone, Internet connection, and Messenger application. The experimentation process starts

off with collecting the apparatus, then installing the Raspberry Pi OS to the SD card. After that, the

researchers connected the components to the Raspberry Pi and created the program that uses email

and Messenger to notify the owners. The next step is to conduct the controlled setup and

manipulated set-up with the program that uses email for six (6) trials and with the program that

uses Messenger for six (6) trials. After the experimentation it is proven that Messenger is much

more efficient to use than gmail because the majority of people check and use their messenger

much more often than Gmail. And for the final step the researchers collected, analyzed, evaluated,

concluded, and discussed the findings of the experiment.

Conclusions

Result analysis simply implies that the utilization of SARSS rather than utilization of

Raspberry Pi 3 Motion Alarm via Email is far more efficient, comparing the experimental data

from the control group and the experimental group. According to the table, SARSS is 98.65% faster

at notifying its owners than RP3MA via Email. It is clear that a positive significant effect had taken

place and that the response to alerts given by SARSS through Messenger were faster than responses

to RP3MA via Email. Thus, the researchers conclude that SARSS is more efficient and has more

potential of protecting its owners from danger than RP3MA via Email.

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 Moreover, it is noticeable in the experimental group that it took under eleven (11) minutes

for the respondents to reply, while the time it took for the control group’s respondents to reply

ranged from three (3) minutes to more than twenty-four (24) hours, expanding the variance and

indicating that if a burglary were to take place in one of these groups, the possibility of being alerted

is more likely to happen if SARSS were the utilized security system than if RP3MA via Email.

This study is essential since it proposes an affordable and data-conserving system, which

preserves security at homes. Although there are several benefits with using SARSS, there are

possible downsides that the owners may experience with SARSS, such as displacement and low

resolution of the Webcam, displacement of the motion sensor, Messenger application bugs, and

electrical brownouts. Future researchers may implement an application of their own for their study

in order to preserve certainty and safety to prevent bugs from the platform used in this study.

Despite these probable disadvantages, none of them occurred and the features of SARSS remained

intact and consistent throughout the experiment. In addition, the current model of Raspberry Pi 3

used by the researchers may possibly become outdated in the near future, so it is also recommended

for the future researchers to utilize more advanced models or other types of systems. To sum up,

SARSS is an efficient home security system and would be useful in detecting and preventing

possible harmful encounters, thus ensuring safety and security of more homes.

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Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion, the following are recommended:

1. Researchers may continue the excellence of their work as it is suitable for the future of people.

They can expand Raspberry Pi 3 by adding an alarm which can provide more security for the safety

of their houses and belongings. When the webcam detects a possible intruder, after the camera takes

a picture, the alarm will go off to let the owner/s and the authorities know whether this is an

emergency.

2. Parents, friends, and other trusted people can give a better result by adding them to a group

conversation wherein the Raspberry Pi 3 will send the automated message. They can provide a

helping hand when the owner’s notifications are muted, have an unstable connection, or unstable

power supply that may possibly affect the time the owner would receive the automated messages

from the Raspberry Pi 3.

3. The resolution of the webcam may also affect the efficiency of the Raspberry Pi 3. The

researchers used a camera with a 480p resolution which is the standard resolution. Any webcam

ranging from 720p to 8k resolution is better and may provide much better details that can help catch

the possible intruder.

4. The system used is the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, which runs smoothly for a low specification

device, and may also affect the efficiency of the Motion Alarm. The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B will

only remain in production until at least January 2026. Also, the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B might not

be able to handle future advanced technology, so any model higher than Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

can provide more power and efficiency in the future.

27
 APPENDIX

Appendix A

Raw data gathered from trials

Table 1

Experimental Group
Research Station Control Group (Gmail)
(Messenger)

1 3 minutes, 18 seconds 1 minute, 42 seconds

2 days, 3 hours, 27 minutes, 36

2 10 minutes, 51 seconds
seconds

3 1 hour, 57 minutes, 22 seconds 23 seconds

4 1 hour, 44 seconds 23 seconds

2 hours, 37 minutes, 22
5 1 minute, 23 seconds
seconds

1 day, 13 hours, 31 minutes, 51

6 1 hour, 2 minutes, 3 seconds
seconds
Note. This table shows the exact time recorded (in hours, minutes, and seconds) from the trials,

based on the receiver’s response and the platform used.

28
 Appendix B

Statistical Analysis

Table 2

Time Converted into Minutes Unit

Research Station Control Group (Gmail) Experimental Group (Messenger)

Set A Set B

1 3.30 minutes 1.70 minutes

2 3087.60 minutes 10.85 minutes

3 1.95 minutes 0.38 minutes

4 60.73 minutes 0.38 minutes

5 157.37 minutes 1.38 minutes

6 2251.53 minutes 62.05 minutes

Note. The values indicated in the table above were used in a one-tail t-test. (see Table 3)

Table 3

T-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances (One-Tail)

Controlled Group Experimental Group

(Gmail) (Messenger)

Mean 946.37 12.79

Variance 1854529.036 598.30072
Observations 6 6
Hypothesized
0
Mean Difference
df 5
alpha level 0.1
t-Stat 1.678959816
p-value 0.07699890751
t-critical value one-tail 1.475884037
Note. The table above displays the values used in applying a one-tail t-test to specify a positive

significant effect of using Messenger instead of Gmail, due to the faster alert time. (see Table 2)

29
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31