Introduction to Scientific Programming Using Java

COURSE CODE: COM121

PRACTICAL MANUAL
 Table of contents

WEEK ONE PRACTICALS...........................................................................................................3

Creating a Java program file using Note Pad...............................................................................3
Saving a Java program.................................................................................................................5
Compiling a Java program...........................................................................................................5
Practical for Week2.........................................................................................................................7
Week 3: Practicals...........................................................................................................................9
WEEK FOUR – PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRACTICALS...............................................12
WEEK FIVE: UNDERSTAND INSATIABLE CLASSES - PRACTICALS..............................14
Practical for Week six....................................................................................................................18
Practical: Week7............................................................................................................................22
Practicals for: Week8.....................................................................................................................24
Practicals for: Week9.....................................................................................................................26
Practical for Week10.....................................................................................................................28
Practicals for: Week11...................................................................................................................31
Practical for Week12.....................................................................................................................33
Practical for Week 13....................................................................................................................35
Practical for Week 14....................................................................................................................37
Lab 14.1.....................................................................................................................................38
Lab 14.2.....................................................................................................................................40
Lab 14.3.....................................................................................................................................40
Lab 14.4.....................................................................................................................................42
Practical for: Week15....................................................................................................................44
Lab 15.1.....................................................................................................................................44
Lab 15.2.....................................................................................................................................45
WEEK ONE

Objectives:

 Create a Java source file using a text editor e.g. note pad.
 Know how to save a Java file using a text editor

Creating a Java program file using NotePad.

A text editor is an application that allows text to be entered without any special formatting. Thus
the document is stored as sequences of characters. When writing Java programs do not use a
word processor such as Ms-Word because they include special formatting and header details that
will result in errors if attempt is made to execute the file.

The operating system that was used for the implementation of this practical is Windows Vista, if
the operating system in your institution is different, get the assistance of your Computer room
Lab manager.

To activate Note Pad on windows follow these steps:

i. Click on the start button to open the windows start menu.

Figure 1.0 Opening the start menu

ii. Select All Programs from the menu.
iii. Select Accessories
iv. iv. Click on Note Pad to load the program into memory.
On completion of these steps, you now proceed to enter the codes of Listing 1.0, reproduced
below:

Figure 1.1 Note Pad Editor

/*
* HelloWorld.java
* Displays Hello world!!! to the output window
*
*/

public class HelloWorld // class definition header

{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( “Hello World!!! “ ); // print text
} // end method main

} // end class HelloWorld

Saving a Java program.

On completion of entering the program, follow these steps to save the program.

i. Open the File menu

ii. Select Save/Save As
iii. On the dialog box specify the folder you want to store your program e.g. JavaCodes.
iv. Type the name of the program in the File name text box: HelloWorld.java
v. Click the Save button to complete the process.
 Figure 1.2 Saving the HelloWorld.java program.

Compiling a Java program.

Lab1.1

To compile a Java program follow these instructions:

i. Start a command prompt session and change to the directory / folder containing your
Java source file. I have assumed that the file was saved in folder named JavaCodes,
if the implementation on your computer is different substitute the folder name as
appropriate.
C:\Java Codes>

ii. Once this is done activate the Java compiler to convert the source code to byte codes.
The Java compiler creates a corresponding file with an extension .class, e.g.
HelloWorld.class
C:\Java Codes>javac HelloWorld.java
The java compiler is named javac the name of the java source code is
HelloWorld.java. If the compilation was successful, the file HelloWorld.class will
be created.
iii. To execute the byte codes activate the Java interpreter.
C:\Java Codes>java HelloWorld
The output produced should be:
Hello World!!!
WEEK TWO

Objectives

Write a simple java program implementing input/output graphical boxes.

Key in the program below and answer the questions that follow by test running the program.
Note that the line numbers are not part of the program. This is the same program presented in the
lecture notes. Similar method will be applied for most of the practical work you will be required
to complete in the subsequent weeks.

/*
* HelloWolrdGUI.java
*
*/

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class HelloWorldGUI {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String msg = "Hello Wolrd";
String ans ="";

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, msg );

// accept the users name

ans = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter your Name Please");

// say hello to the user

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Hello " + ans );
} // end method main

} // end of class HelloWorldGUI

Questions:

a. Describe the output of the program

b. Re-run the program and click on the ok button without entering a name. What is the
output presented?
WEEK THREE

Objectives

a. Implement Java Data Types in a simple addition program.

b. Implement data entry program that accepts data from the output window
c. Implement data entry program using input/output dialog boxes

In this practical exercise we will create two Java programs in order to see the difference between
entering data from the windows prompt and using input/output dialog boxes. The first program is
presented below:

Lab 3.1

/*
* AddTwoNo.java
* Add any two integer
numbers */

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddTwoNo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

/ declare primitive
variables int
firstNumber = 10;
int
secondNumber =
20; int sum = 0;

sum = firstNumber + secondNumber;

system.out.println( "Sum of " + firstNumber +

" and " + secondNumber + " is " +
sum );

/ declare reference variable of

type Scanner Scanner input = new
Scanner( System.in );

/ Accept values from the user

System.out.println( "Enter first integer number
please "); firstNumber = input.nextInt();

System.out.println( "Enter second integer number

please "); secondNumber = input.nextInt();
 / calculate sum and
display result sum =
firstNumber +
secondNumber;

System.out.println( "Sum of " + firstNumber +

" and " + secondNumber + " is " + sum );

} // end of method main

} // end of class AddTwoNos

Listing 3.1 – AddTwoNos.java

Task:
a. Enter the program using a program editor (e.g Note Pad).
b. Debug any errors.
c. Using the values 10 and 11 to test the program. List the input and output
interactive prompts and messages generated by the program.
d. Repeat task c, using the values -11 and 11.
e. Load the program and edit the declarative statements for the firstNumber and
secondNumber variables to zero (0). Save and run the program. What is the first output
results of computation displayed?
f. Do you thing any part of the program is now redundant? If yes edit out the redundant
part otherwise give reasons for your answer.

Lab 3.2

/*
* AddTwoNoDialog.java
* Add any two integer
numbers */

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class AddTwoNoDialog {

public static void main(String[] args) {

/ declare primitive
variables int
firstNumber = 10;
int secondNumber
= 20; int sum = 0;

// for accepting input from the

String input; user
String // for displaying
output; output

// Accept values from the user

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter first integer number",
 "Adding Integers", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE );

firstNumber = Integer.parseInt( input );

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, "Enter second integer

number", "Adding Integers",
JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE );

secondNumber = Integer.parseInt( input );

/ calculate sum and

display result sum =
firstNumber + secondNumber;

/ build output string

output = "Sum of " + firstNumber + " and " + secondNumber + " is "
+ sum;

/ display output
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, output, "Adding two
integers", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );

} // end of method main

} // end of class AddTwoNos

Listing 3.2: AddTwoNoDialog.java

Enter the program listing for Lab 3.2, then apply the questions in Lab 3.1 with this program.
WEEK FOUR

Objectives

Understand the concept developmental techniques of program development.

Your first task is to enter the following program and compile it. Ensure that it is free from any
errors and then proceed to answer the following questions.

/*
* AverageThreeIntegers
* Calculates the sumand average of any three
integer numbers */

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class AverageThreeIntegers

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
int firstNumber; // first integer number
int
secondNumber; // second integer number
int thirdNumber; // third integer number
int sum; // sum of the three numbers

double average; // average of the three numbers

String input; // input values

String result; // output generating string

// Accept inteher numbers from he user

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter first
number: " ); firstNumber = Integer.parseInt( input ); //
wrap input to integer

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter second

number: " ); secondNumber = Integer.parseInt( input ); //
wrap input to integer

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter third

number: " ); thirdNumber = Integer.parseInt( input ); //
wrap input to integer

// Calculate sum
sum = firstNumber + secondNumber + thirdNumber;

//Calculate average average =sum/3.0; // Build output string and display output
result = "Average of " + firstNumber + ", " + secondNumber
+ " and " + thirdNumber + " is = " + average;
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, result, "Average of 3 Integers",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );

} // end method main

} // end class AverageThreeIntegers

Listing 4.1: AverageThreeIntegers.java

Questions:

a. Run the program using the integer numbers 3, 4 and 5 as input. What is the output?
b. Run the program use the integer numbers 9, 5 and 11 as input. What is the output? Is
the output integer or floating point?
c. Amend the program and alter the statement: average = sum/3.0;
Change the statement to average = sum/3; then re-run the program with the set of data
supplied in questions a and b. What do you observe?
d. Run the program using the integer values -3, 3 and 0. What is/are the output generated?
WEEK FIVE

Objectives

a. Know what an insatiable class is.

b. Know the difference between public and private data
c. Know the difference between local variables and instance variables
d. Understand parameter passing
e. Understand method return types

Lab 5.1

In this practical session you are expected to key in the programs presented and answer the
questions presented at the end.

/*
* Triangle.java
*
*/

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Triangle

{
// Declare instance variables - fields
double base; // base of triangle
double height; // height of triangle

/ No-arguement default
constructor public Triangle()
{
base
= 0;
height
= 0;
} // end no-argument default constructor

/ Programmer declared constructor

public Triangle( double newBase, double newHeight )
{
base = newBase;
height = newHeight;
} // end programmer declared

public double calculateArea()

{
double area = 0;
area = 0.5 * base * height;
return area;
 } // end method calculateArea

/ Dispay the area of the

triangle public void
showArea()
{
String output;
output = "Base = " + base + "\nHeight = "
+ height + "\nArea = " +
calculateArea();

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, output,

"Calculate Area",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );

} // end method showArea

//Change the state of the base attribute of a Triangle object

public void setBase( double newBase )

{
base = newBase;

} // end method endBase

//Get the current state of the base of the Triangle object

public double getBase()
{
return base;

} // end method getBase

//Change the state of the height attribute of a Triangle object

public void setHeight( double newHeight )
{
height = newHeight;

} // end method endBase

//Get the current state of the height of the Triangle object

public double getHeight()
{
return height;

} // end method getBase

} // end class Triangle

Listing 5.1 – Triangle.java

Tasks:
a. Compile the above program and correct any compilation errors.
b. Attempt to run the program. What is the outcome?

Lab 5.2

/*
* TriangleTest.java
*
*/

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class TriangleTest

{

public static void main(String[] args) {

/ Declare local
variables String
answer;
String result;

double h = 0; // height of triangle

double b = 0; // base of triangle

/ Create instance of class

Triangle Triangle triangle1 =
new Triangle(); Triangle
triangle2 = new Triangle( 4, 8 );

//Display the area of triangle1

triangle1.showArea();

//Display area of triangle2

triangle2.showArea();

/ accept new base and height for triangle1

answer = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter Base",
"Triangle1", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE );
b = Double.parseDouble( answer );

answer = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter Height", "Triangle1",

 JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE );
h = Double.parseDouble( answer );

/ set new values

for triangle1
triangle1.setBase( b );
triangle1.setHeight( h
);

/ Display new area

result = "New Base = " +
triangle1.getBase() + "\nNew Height
= " + triangle1.getHeight() + "\
nNew Area = " +
triangle1.calculateArea();

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, result, "New Area -

Triangle1", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );

} // end method main

} //end class
Listing 5.2 TriangleTest.java
Tasks:

a. Compile the above program and eliminate any compilation error.

b. Run the program and give a brief report the outcomes.
c. Write the instructions to alter the base and height values of triangle2 object to 3.4 and
10 respectively then display its area. Apply these instructions as the last instructions in
the main method.
d. The base and height values were interchanged in tasks ‘c’ above will the output be
the same? Try it out.
e. Update the Triangle.java class code (listing 5.1) and include a method for calculating
the hypotenuse – calculateHypothenus. Recompile the class and ensure that there are
no errors.
f. Write instructions to display graphically the base, height and hypotenuse of the triangle1
and triangle2 objects.
WEEK SIX

Objectives:

a. Create and execute JApplet class

b. Use the Appletviewer to execute a JApplet
c. Execute a JApplet using a web browser

Lab 6.1

In this practical session you are required to enter the program listing below and then create an
html file to execute the JApplet. Thereafter answer the questions that follow:

/*
* MyFirstApplet.java
*
*/

import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JApplet;

public class MyFirstApplet extends JApplet

{
public void init()
{
showStatus( "we are in init() method " );
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"Check the status bar we are in init() " );
} // end method init

public void start()

{
showStatus( "we are in start() method ");
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"Check the status bar we are in start() " );
} // end method start

public void paint(Graphics g)

{
super.paint( g );
showStatus( "we are in paint() method ");
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"Check the status bar we are in
paint() " ); } // end method paint

public void stop()

{
showStatus( "we are in stop() method ");
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"Check the status bar we are in
stop() " ); } // end method stop

public void destroy()

{
showStatus( "we are in destroy() method ");
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null,
"Check the status bar we are in destroy() " );
} // end method destroy

} // end class MyFirstJApplet

To create an html file follow these instructions.

i. Create a text file using note pad and store it in the folder where you have stored the
MyFirstApplet.java file.
ii. Enter the following code:
<applet code=”MyFirstApplet.class” width=350 height
=175> </applet>
iii. Save the file as myfirstApplet.html
iv. To run the applet, open the windows explorer and double click on the file:
myfirstapplet.html

Tasks:

a. Respond to the dialog boxes as they are being displayed.

b. When the paint() method prompt is displayed, does the next displayed when you
respond to the dialog box?
c. Click the close button on the applet, what happened now?
d. Click the close button to end the applet program.

Lab 6.2

/*
* SumTwoNumbers.java
*
*/

import javax.swing.JApplet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class SumTwoNumbers extends JApplet {

public double sum;

public void init() {

double firstNumber = 0;
 double secondNumber = 0;

String input;
String output;

// Prompt user for first number

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter First
Number: " ); firstNumber = Double.parseDouble( input );

// Prompt user for second number

input = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Enter Second
Number: " ); secondNumber = Double.parseDouble( input );

// calculate sum
sum = firstNumber + secondNumber;
} // end method init

public void paint( Graphics g )

{

super.paint( g ); // ensure that window is displayed properly

String output;
output = "The Sum is: " + sum;

/ Draw rectangle
g.drawRect( 15, 10,
270, 20 );

/ Display the sum inside the rectangle

g.drawString( output, 25, 25 );
} // end method paint

} // end class SumTwoNumbers

Listing 6.2: SumTwoNumbers

Task:
a. Key in the program above – listing 6.2
b. Compile and ensure that it error free.
c. Create an appropriate html file and run the program
d. Using the appletviewer execute the file – to do this type:
appletviewer SumTwoNumbers

What differences do you observed from the execution of the applet using the appletviewer
compared to using a web browser?
WEEK SEVEN

Objectives:

Write programs to apply selection statements

Lab 7.1

Enter the program below and answer the questions below.

/*
* Guess.java
*
*/

package MyTrig;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class Guess

{
public static void main(String args[])
{
/ Declare
variables
String
answer;
String
output =
"";

int guessedNumber;

/ generate a random integer number

between 1 and 10 Random random =
new Random();
int randomNumber = random.nextInt( 10 ) + 1;

/ Accept an integer number from the user

answer = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,
"Guess an integer number between 1 and 10
inclusive", "Guessing Game",
JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE );
guessedNumber = Integer.parseInt( answer );

if(guessedNumber != randomNumber )
output = "Not Lucky! The number is " +
randomNumber; else
output = "You are correct!!!";
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, output, "Guessing Game",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE );

} // end method main

} // end class Guess

Listing 7.1: Guess

Questions:
a. Compile the program and make sure it is error free.
b. What is the program doing?
c. Amend the program such that it allows the user to guess integer numbers from 10 to 20.
WEEK EIGHT

Objectives:

a. Apply the while statement

b. Apply the do statement
c. Write simple programs to implement the while and do statements
d. Develop algorithms for solving simple repetitive problems – counter controlled
and sentinel-controlled algorithms.
e. Applies a JTextArea and a JScrollPane class to display the numbers.

Lab 8.1

/*
* TenNos.Java
* Generates the First Ten Numbers and Calculate their Sum
*
*/

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;

public class TenNos

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{
int sum = 0;
int counter = 1;
int n = 10;
String nos = "";

//Create JTextArea for displaying numbers JTextArea

output = new JTextArea( 5, 20 );

/ Generate numbersn
while(counter <= n ){
output.append( counter + "\n" ); // add numbers to the JTextarea
sum += counter; // calculate sum counter+
+; // increament counter by one

} // end while i <= n

nos = "\nSum = " + sum;

 output.append(nos);

// Append a JScrollpane to the JTextArea object

JScrollPane outputArea = new JScrollPane( output );

/ Display numbers and their sum

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,
outputArea,
"Generate and Sums Numbers 1 -
10",
JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAG
E);

} // end method main

} // end of class TenNos

Questions:

a. Enter the program above, compile it and ensure that it is error free.
b. What does the program do?
c. Alter the statement JTextArea output = new JTextArea( 5, 20 ); such that the actual
parameter 5 and 20 becomes 20 and 5. Compile and run the program. What is the
effect of the alteration?
WEEK NINE

Objectives:

a. Understand the concepts of recursion

b. Write simple recursive methods

In this practical session will be required to enter the program below test it and answer the
questions beneath the codes. You are advised to enter the codes in week 9 of the lecture
notes and test them as well.

Lab 9.1a

/*
* RecursiveNos.java
*
*/

public class RecursiveNos

{
public void display1To10( int startNumber )
{
if( startNumber == 10 ) {
System.out.printf("\n%d ", startNumber );

} // number is equal to ten - base case

else {
System.out.printf("\n%d ",
startNumber ); // number
display1To10( startNumber + 1);

} // end else - number less than ten

} // end method dislay1To10
} // end class RecursiveNos

Listing 9.1: RecursiveNos

Lab 9.1b

/*
* RecursiveNosTest.java
*
*/

public class RecursiveNosTest

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{ RecursiveNos myNumbers = new
RecursiveNos();
 System.out.println("Print number starting from one");
myNumbers.display1To10( 1 ); // display the numbers
starting from 1

System.out.println("Print number starting from six");

myNumbers.display1To10( 6 ); // display numbers
starting from 6

} //end method main

} // end class RecursiveNosTest

Listing 9.2: RecursiveNosTest

Questions:
 What does the program do?
 Write the instruction: myNumbers.display1To10(-2);
 What do you observe? Make suitable suggestions and implement same based on your
findings.
WEEK TEN

Objectives:

a. Describe and manipulate character type data

b. Differentiate between string and string buffer classes
c. Differentiate between equivalence and equality for string objects
d. Show how objects are passed to and returned from methods

Lab 10.1

Enter the program below and write the outputs displayed.

// Fig. 10.1 StringConstructors.java

// String class constructors.

public class StringConstructors

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
char charArray[] = { 'b', 'i', 'r', 't', 'h', ' ', 'd', 'a' , 'y' };
String s = new String( "hello" );

// use String constructors

String s1 = new String();
String s2 = new String( s );
String s3 = new String( charArray );
String s4 = new String( charArray, 6, 3);

System.out.printf(
"s1 = %s\ns2 = %s\ns3 = %s\ns4 = %s\n",
s1, s2, s3, s4 ); // display strings
} // end main
} // end class StringConstructors

Listing 10.1: StringConstructors

Lab 10.2

Enter the program below and produce its output.

// Fig. 10.2: StringMiscellaneous.java

// This application demonstrates the length, charAt and getChars
// methods of the String class.

public class StringMiscellaneous

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
String s1 = "hello there";
 char charArray[] = new char[ 5 ];

System.out.printf( "s1: %s", s1 );

// test length method

System.out.printf( "\nLength of s1: %d", s1.length() );

// loop through characters in s1 with charAt and display reversed

System.out.print( "\nThe string reversed is: " );

for ( int count = s1.length() - 1; count >= 0; count-- )

System.out.printf( "%s ", s1.charAt( count ) );

// copy characters from string into charArray

s1.getChars( 0, 5, charArray, 0 );
System.out.print( "\nThe character array is: " );

for ( char character : charArray )

System.out.print( character );

System.out.println();
} // end main
} // end class StringMiscellaneous
Listing 10.2: StringMiscellaneous

Lab 10.3

Enter the program below and write out its output

// Fig. 10.3: StringCompare.java
// String methods equals, equalsIgnoreCase, compareTo and regionMatches.

public class StringCompare

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
String s1 = new String( "hello" ); // s1 is a copy of "hello"
String s2 = "goodbye";
String s3 = "Happy Birthday";
String s4 = "happy birthday";

System.out.printf(
"s1 = %s\ns2 = %s\ns3 = %s\ns4 = %s\n\n", s1, s2, s3, s4 );

// test for equality

if ( s1 equals( "hello" ) ) // true
System.out.println( "s1 equals \"hello\"" );
else
System.out.println( "s1 does not equal \"hello\"" );
 // test for equality with ==
if ( s1 == "hello" ) // false; they are not the same object
System.out.println( "s1 is the same object as \"hello\"" );
else
System.out.println( "s1 is not the same object as \"hello\"" );

// test for equality (ignore case)

if ( s3.equalsIgnoreCase( s4 ) ) // true
System.out.printf( "%s equals %s with case ignored\n", s3, s4 );
else
System.out.println( "s3 does not equal s4" );

// test compareTo
System.out.printf(
"\ns1.compareTo( s2 ) is %d", s1.compareTo( s2 ) );
System.out.printf(
"\ns2.compareTo( s1 ) is %d", s2.compareTo( s1 ) );
System.out.printf(
"\ns1.compareTo( s1 ) is %d", s1.compareTo( s1 ) );
System.out.printf(
"\ns3.compareTo( s4 ) is %d", s3.compareTo( s4 ) );
System.out.printf(
"\ns4.compareTo( s3 ) is %d\n\n", s4.compareTo( s3 ) );

// test regionMatches (case sensitive)

if ( s3.regionMatches( 0, s4, 0, 5 ) )
System.out.println( "First 5 characters of s3 and s4 match" );
else
System.out.println(
"First 5 characters of s3 and s4 do not match" );

// test regionMatches (ignore case)

if ( s3. regionMatches( true, 0, s4, 0, 5 ) )
System.out.println( "First 5 characters of s3 and s4 match" );
else
System.out.println(
"First 5 characters of s3 and s4 do not match" );
} // end main
} // end class StringCompare

Listing 10.3: StringCompare

WEEK ELEVEN

Objectives:

Write simple program that implement single-dimension arrays

Lab11.1

Enter the program below and answer the questions that follow:

/ Fig. 11.2: InitArray.java

/ Creating an array.

public class InitArray

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
int array[]; // declare array named array

array = new int[ 10 ]; // create the space for array

System.out.printf( "%s%8s\n", "Index", "Value" ); //column headings

// output each array element's value

for ( int counter = 0; counter < array.length;
counter++ ) System.out.printf( "%5d%8d\n",
counter, array[ counter ] );
} // end main
} // end class InitArray
Listing 11.1: InitArray

Questions:

a. What is the output of the program?

b. Re-write the program such that the values generated will be in reverse order.

Lab 11.2

/ Fig. 7.3: InitArray2.java

/ Initializing the elements of an array with an array initializer.
public class InitArray
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
// initialize lis specifies the value for each element
; int array[] = {32,27,64,18,95,14,90,70,60,37};
System.out.printf( "%s%8s\n", "Index", "Value" ); //column headings
 // output each array element's value
for ( int counter = 0; counter < array.length; counter++ )
System.out.printf( "%5d%8d\n", counter, array[ counter ] );
} // end main
} // end class InitArray

Listing 11.2: InitArray2

Question:

What is the output of the program?

WEEK TWELVE
Objectives:

a. Manipulate a set of data values using array of arrays

b. Declare and use array of arrays of primitive types

Lab 12.1
Enter the program below and answer the questions listed below.

/ Fig. 12.1: InitArray.java

/ Initializing two-dimensional arrays.

public class InitArray

{
/ create and output two-dimensional arrays
public static void main( String args[] )
{

int array1[][] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
int array2[][] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };

System.out.println( "Values in array1 by row are" );

outputArray( array1 ); // displays array1 by row

System.out.println( "\nValues in array2 by row are" );

outputArray( array2 ); // displays array2 by row
} // end main

/ output rows and columns of a two-dimensional array

public static void outputArray(int array[][])
{
//loop through array's rows
for ( int row = 0; row < array.length; row++ )
{
// loop through columns of current row
for ( int column = 0; column < array[ row ].length; column++ )
System.out.printf( "%d ", array[ row ][ column ] );
System.out.println(); // start new line of output
} // end outer for
} // end method
outputArray } // end class
InitArray

Listing 12.1: InitArray

Question:

What is the output of the program. Write a program to print the contents of the array in
reverse order.
WEEK THIRTEEN
Objectives:

Write simple event drive programs

Key in the programs below and run them

Lab 13.1

/ Fig. 13.1: LabelFrame.java

/ Demonstrating the JLabel class.
import java.awt.FlowLayout; // specifies how components are arranged
import javax.swing.JFrame; // provides basic window features import
javax.swing.JLabel; // displays text and images
import javax.swing.SwingConstants; // common constants used with Swing
import javax.swing.Icon; // interface used to manipulate images import
javax.swing.ImageIcon; // loads images

public class LabelFrame extends JFrame

{
private JLabel label1; // JLabel with just text
private JLabel label2; // JLabel constructed with text and icon private
JLabel label3; // JLabel with added text and icon

/ LabelFrame constructor adds JLabels to JFrame

public LabelFrame()
{
super( "Testing JLabel" );
setLayout( new FlowLayout() ); // set frame layout

/ JLabel constructor with a string argument

label1 = new JLabel( "Label with text" );
label1.setToolTipText( "This is label1" );
add( label1 ); // add label1 to JFrame

/ JLabel constructor with string, Icon and alignment arguments Icon

bug = new ImageIcon( getClass().getResource( "bug1.gif" ) ); label2 =
new JLabel( "Label with text and icon", bug,
SwingConstants.LEFT );
label2.setToolTipText( "This is label2" );
add( label2 ); // add label2 to JFrame

label3 = new JLabel(); // JLabel constructor no arguments

label3.setText( "Label with icon and text at bottom" );
label3.setIcon( bug ); // add icon to JLabel

label3.setHorizontalTextPosition( SwingConstants.CENTER );
label3.setVerticalTextPosition( SwingConstants.BOTTOM );
label3.setToolTipText( "This is label3" ); add( label3 );
 // add label3 to JFrame
} // end LabelFrame
constructor } // end class LabelFrame
Listing 13.1: LabelFrame

Lab 13.2

/ Fig. 11.7: LabelTest.java

/ Testing LabelFrame. import
javax.swing.JFrame;

public class LabelTest

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
LabelFrame labelFrame = new LabelFrame(); // create LabelFrame
labelFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
labelFrame.setSize( 275, 180 ); // set frame size
labelFrame.setVisible( true ); // display frame
} // end main
} // end class LabelTest

Listing 13.2: LabelTest

WEEK FOURTEEN

Objectives:

a. Understand the concepts of event driven programs

b. Understand how to place objects on a frame
c. Write simple event drive programs

Lab 14.1

In this practical session we will develop an Employee inheritance hierarchy; this will involve us
writing several programs. At the end of this practical, you will be required to develop an
inheritance hierarchy of your choice and submit the full working version.

// Fig. 14.1 CommissionEmployee.java

// CommissionEmployee class represents a commission employee.

public class CommissionEmployee extends Object

{
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String socialSecurityNumber;
private double grossSales; // gross weekly sales
private double commissionRate; // commission percentage

// five-argument constructor
public CommissionEmployee( String first, String last, String ssn,
double sales, double rate )
{
// implicit call to Object constructor occurs here
firstName = first;
lastName = last;
socialSecurityNumber = ssn;
setGrossSales( sales ); // validate and store gross sales
setCommissionRate( rate ); // validate and store commission rate
} // end five-argument CommissionEmployee constructor

// set first name

public void setFirstName( String first )
{
firstName = first;
} // end method setFirstName

// return first name

public String getFirstName()
{
return firstName;
} // end method getFirstName
// set last name
public void setLastName( String last )
{
lastName = last;
} // end method setLastName

// return last name

public String getLastName()
{
return lastName;
} // end method getLastName

// set social security number

public void setSocialSecurityNumber( String ssn )
{
socialSecurityNumber = ssn; // should validate
} // end method setSocialSecurityNumber

// return social security number

public String getSocialSecurityNumber()
{
return socialSecurityNumber;
} // end method getSocialSecurityNumber

// set gross sales amount

public void setGrossSales( double sales )
{
grossSales = ( sales < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : sales;
} // end method setGrossSales

// return gross sales amount

public double getGrossSales()
{
return grossSales;
} // end method getGrossSales

// set commission rate

public void setCommissionRate( double rate )
{
commissionRate = ( rate > 0.0 && rate < 1.0 ) ? rate : 0.0;
} // end method setCommissionRate

// return commission rate

public double getCommissionRate()
{
return commissionRate;
} // end method getCommissionRate
 // calculate earnings
public double earnings()
{
return commissionRate * grossSales;
} // end method earnings

// return String representation of CommissionEmployee object

public String toString()
{
return String.format( "%s: %s %s\n%s: %s\n%s: %.2f\n%s: %.2f",
"commission employee", firstName, lastName,
"social security number", socialSecurityNumber,
"gross sales", grossSales,
"commission rate", commissionRate );
} // end method toString
} // end class CommissionEmployee

Listing 14.1: CommissionEmployee

Lab 14.2

// Fig. 14.2: CommissionEmployeeTest.java

// Testing class CommissionEmployee.

public class CommissionEmployeeTest

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
// instantiate CommissionEmployee object
CommissionEmployee employee = new CommissionEmployee(
"Sue", "Jones", "222-22-2222", 10000, .06 );

// get commission employee data

System.out.println(
"Employee information obtained by get methods: \n" );
System.out.printf( "%s %s\n", "First name is",
employee.getFirstName() );
System.out.printf( "%s %s\n", "Last name is",
employee.getLastName() );
System.out.printf( "%s %s\n", "Social security number is",
employee.getSocialSecurityNumber() );
System.out.printf( "%s %.2f\n", "Gross sales is",
employee.getGrossSales() );
System.out.printf( "%s %.2f\n", "Commission rate is",
employee.getCommissionRate() );
employee.setGrossSales( 500 ); // set gross sales
employee.setCommissionRate( .1 ); // set commission rate

System.out.printf( "\n%s:\n\n%s\n",
 "Updated employee information obtained by toString", employee );
} // end main
} // end class CommissionEmployeeTest
Listing 14.2: CommissionEmployeeTest

Lab 14.3

// Fig. 14.3: CommissionEmployee3.java

// CommissionEmployee3 class represents a commission employee.

public class CommissionEmployee3

{
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String socialSecurityNumber;
private double grossSales; // gross weekly sales
private double commissionRate; // commission percentage

// five-argument constructor
public CommissionEmployee3( String first, String last, String ssn,
double sales, double rate )
{
// implicit call to Object constructor occurs here
firstName = first;
lastName = last;
socialSecurityNumber = ssn;
setGrossSales( sales ); // validate and store gross sales
setCommissionRate( rate ); // validate and store commission rate
} // end five-argument CommissionEmployee3 constructor

// set first name

public void setFirstName( String first )
{
firstName = first;
} // end method setFirstName

// return first name

public String getFirstName()
{
return firstName;
} // end method getFirstName

// set last name

public void setLastName( String last )
{
lastName = last;
} // end method setLastName
// return last name
public String getLastName()
{
return lastName;
} // end method getLastName

// set social security number

public void setSocialSecurityNumber( String ssn )
{
socialSecurityNumber = ssn; // should validate
} // end method setSocialSecurityNumber

// return social security number

public String getSocialSecurityNumber()
{
return socialSecurityNumber;
} // end method getSocialSecurityNumber

// set gross sales amount

public void setGrossSales( double sales )
{
grossSales = ( sales < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : sales;
} // end method setGrossSales

// return gross sales amount

public double getGrossSales()
{
return grossSales;
} // end method getGrossSales
// set commission rate
public void setCommissionRate( double rate )
{
commissionRate = ( rate > 0.0 && rate < 1.0 ) ? rate : 0.0;
} // end method setCommissionRate

// return commission rate

public double getCommissionRate()
{
return commissionRate;
} // end method getCommissionRate

// calculate earnings
public double earnings()
{
return getCommissionRate() * getGrossSales();
} // end method earnings
 // return String representation of CommissionEmployee3 object
public String toString()
{
return String.format( "%s: %s %s\n%s: %s\n%s: %.2f\n%s: %.2f",
"commission employee", getFirstName(), getLastName(),
"social security number", getSocialSecurityNumber(),
"gross sales", getGrossSales(),
"commission rate", getCommissionRate() );
} // end method toString
} // end class CommissionEmployee3

Listing 14.3: CommissionEmployee3

Lab 14.4

// Fig. 14.4: BasePlusCommissionEmployee4.java

//BasePlusCommissionEmployee4 class inherits from CommissionEmployee3 and
// accesses CommissionEmployee3's private data via CommissionEmployee3's
// public methods.

public class BasePlusCommissionEmployee4 extends CommissionEmployee3

{
private double baseSalary; // base salary per week

// six-argument constructor
public BasePlusCommissionEmployee4( String first, String last,
String ssn, double sales, double rate, double salary )
{
super( first, last, ssn, sales, rate );
setBaseSalary( salary ); // validate and store base salary
} // end six-argument BasePlusCommissionEmployee4 constructor

// set base salary

public void setBaseSalary( double salary )
{
baseSalary = ( salary < 0.0 ) ? 0.0 : salary;
} // end method setBaseSalary

// return base salary

public double getBaseSalary()
{
return baseSalary;
} // end method getBaseSalary

// calculate earnings
public double earnings()
{
return getBaseSalary() + super.earnings();
} // end method earnings
 // return String representation of BasePlusCommissionEmployee4
public String toString()
{
return String.format( "%s %s\n%s: %.2f", "base-salaried",
super.toString(), "base salary", getBaseSalary() );
} // end method toString
} // end class BasePlusCommissionEmployee4

Listing 14.4: BasePlusCommissionEmployee4

Week FIFTEEN

Objectives:

a. Understand the concepts of polymorphism using class hierarchy

b. Know how to create abstract classes
c. Write abstract methods
d. Write simple programs implementing polymorphism

Lab 15.1

Enter the programs below and compile them until they are error free. At the end of this practical
session, you will be expected to apply the skills acquired and develop Java programs
implementing polymorphic principles.

// Fig. 15.1: PolymorphismTest.java

// Assigning superclass and subclass references to superclass and
// subclass variables.

public class PolymorphismTest

{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
// assign superclass reference to superclass variable
CommissionEmployee3 commissionEmployee = new CommissionEmployee3(
"Sue", "Jones", "222-22-2222", 10000, .06 );

// assign subclass reference to subclass variable

BasePlusCommissionEmployee4 basePlusCommissionEmployee =
new BasePlusCommissionEmployee4(
"Bob", "Lewis", "333-33-3333", 5000, .04, 300 );

// invoke toString on superclass object using superclass variable

System.out.printf( "%s %s:\n\n%s\n\n",
"Call CommissionEmployee3's toString with superclass reference ",
"to superclass object", commissionEmployee.toString() );

// invoke toString on subclass object using subclass variable

System.out.printf( "%s %s:\n\n%s\n\n",
"Call BasePlusCommissionEmployee4's toString with subclass",
"reference to subclass object",
basePlusCommissionEmployee.toString() );

// invoke toString on subclass object using superclass variable

CommissionEmployee3 commissionEmployee2 =
basePlusCommissionEmployee;
System.out.printf( "%s %s:\n\n%s\n",
 "Call BasePlusCommissionEmployee4's toString with superclass",
"reference to subclass object", commissionEmployee2.toString()
);
} // end main
} // end class PolymorphismTest

Listing 15.1: PolymorphismTest

Lab 15.2

// Fig. 15.2: Employee.java

// Employee abstract superclass.

public abstract class Employee

{
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String socialSecurityNumber;

// three-argument constructor
public Employee( String first, String last, String ssn )
{
firstName = first;
lastName = last;
socialSecurityNumber = ssn;
} // end three-argument Employee constructor

// set first name

public void setFirstName( String first )
{
firstName = first;
} // end method setFirstName

// return first name

public String getFirstName()
{
return firstName;
} // end method getFirstName

// set last name

public void setLastName( String last )
{
lastName = last;
} // end method setLastName

// return last name

public String getLastName()
{
return lastName;
 } // end method getLastName

// set social security number

public void setSocialSecurityNumber( String ssn )
{
socialSecurityNumber = ssn; // should validate
} // end method setSocialSecurityNumber

// return social security number

public String getSocialSecurityNumber(){
return socialSecurityNumber;
} // end method getSocialSecurityNumber

// return String representation of Employee object

public String toString()
{
return String.format( "%s %s\nsocial security number: %s",
getFirstName(), getLastName(), getSocialSecurityNumber() );
} // end method toString

// abstract method overridden by subclasses

public abstract double earnings(); // no implementation here
} // end abstract class Employee

Listing 15.2: abstract class Employee