BIO REVISION QUESTIONS

PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITY AND VARIATION

(XII B & C)
1. Who developed Punnet Square? (C.B.S.E. 2007)
2. Why do certain genes tend to be inherited together in a cell at the time of cell
division?
(C.B.S.E. 2008)
3. What is sex chromosome complement of male bird? (C.B.S.E.
4. Name one autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder in
humans. (C.B.S.E. 2010
5. Write the genotype of (i) An individual who is carrier of sickle-cell anemia gene but
apparently unaffected (ii) An individual affected with the disease.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
6. A human being suffering from Down’s syndrome show trisomy of 21st chromosome.
Mention the cause of this chromosomal abnormality.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
7. Name the event during cell division cycle that results in gain or loss of chromosome.
(C.B.S.E. 2011)
8. Name the phenomenon and cell responsible for the development of new individual
without fertilization as seen in honey bees. (C.B.S.E. 2011)
9. (a) A garden pea plant produced inflated yellow pods and another plant.
of the same species produced constricted green pods.
(b) A garden pea plant produced axial white flowers. Another of the same species
produced terminal violet flowers.
(c) A garden pea plant produced round green seeds. Another of the same species
produced wrinkled yellow seed. IDENTIFY THE DOMINANT TRAITS:
10. Name the respective pattern of inheritance where F1phenotype
(a) Does not resemble either of the two parents and is in between the two
(b) Resembles only one of the two parents. (C.B.S.E. 2012)
11. In a dihybrid cross, when would the proportion of the parental gene combinations be
much higher than non-parental type as experimentally shown by Morgan and his
group (C.B.S.E. 2012)
12. Why is that the father never passes on the gene for hemophilia to his sons? Explain.
(C.B.S.E. 2012)
13. Write the possible genotypes Mendel got when be crossed F 1 tall pea plants with
dwarf pea plants. (C.B.S.E. 2012)
14. Why in a test cross, did Mendel cross a tall pea plant with a dwarf pea plant
only. (C.B.S.E. 2012)

FROM PREVIOUS BOARD EXAMINATION

15. Explain what do you know of criss-cross inheritance. (C.B.S.E. 2007)
16. What is auto polyploidy? How does colchicine induce polyploidy? Name an
autopolyploid that has succeeded as a variety. (C.B.S.E. 2007)
17. At the time of independence, the population of India was 350 million which exploded
to over 1 billion by May 2000. List any two reasons for this rise in population and
any two steps taken by the government to check this population explosion. (C.B.S.E.
2011)
18. Explain how do the following act as contraceptives
(a) Cu T (b) ‘Saheli’ (C.B.S.E. 2012)
19. The male fruit fly and female Fowl are heterogametic while the female fruit fly
and the male Fowl are homogametic. Why are they called so?
(C.B.S.E. 2008)
20. Explain the pattern of inheritance of haemophilia in humans. Why is the possibility
of a human female becoming haemophilic extremely rare? Explain.
(C.B.S.E. 2008)
21. A plant of Antirrhinum majus with red flowers was crossed with another plant of the
same species with white flowers. The plants of F1 generation bore pink flowers.
Explain the pattern of inheritance with the help of a cross.
(C.B.S.E. 2008)
22. A woman with blood group O married a man with AB group. Show the possible
blood groups of the progeny. List the alleles involved in this inheritance. (C.B.S.E.
2008)
23. A tall Pea plant with yellow seeds (heterozygous for both) is crossed with a dwarf Pea
plant with green seeds. Using a Punnet square work out the cross to show the
phenotypes and the genotypes of F1 generation. (C.B.S.E. 2008)
24. How does a test cross help in identifying the genotype of the organism? Explain.
(C.B.S.E.2010)
25. During his studies on genes in Drosophila that were sex-linked T.H. Morgan found
F2population phenotypic ratios deviated from expected 9:3:3:1. Explain the
conclusion he arrived at. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
26. When a tall Pea plant was selfed, it produced one-fourth of its progeny as dwarf.
Explain with the help of a cross. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
27. Why are F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios same in a cross between red flowered
Snapdragon and white flowered Snapdragon plants? Explain with the help of a cross.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
28. (i) Why are Grass hopper and Drosophila said to show male heterogamety?
Explain.

(iii) Explain female heterogamety with the help of an example.

(C.B.S.E. 2010)
29. Explain the sex determination mechanism in humans. How is it different in birds.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
30. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in insects like Drosophila and Grass
hopper. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
31. Work out a cross between true breeding red and white flowered Dog flower
(Snapdragon) plants up to F2progeny. Explain the results of F1and F2 generations.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
32. How are dominance, codominance and incomplete dominance patterns of inheritance
different from one another? (C.B.S.E. 2011)
33. (a) Sickle cell anemia in humans is a result of point mutation. Explain.
(b) Write the genotypes of both the parents who have produced a sickle celled
anemic offspring. (C.B.S.E. 2011)
34. A Pea plant with purple flowers was crossed with plant having white flowers. The
progeny produced only purple flowers. On selfing, these plants produced 482 plants
with purple flowers and 162 plants with white flowers. What genetic mechanisms
accounts for these results ? Explain. (C.B.S.E. 2011)
35. (a) Explain the phenomenon of multiple allelism and codominance taking ABO
blood group as an example.

(b) What is the phenotype of

(i) IAi (ii)ii? (C.B.S.E. 2012)
36. Explain how does trisomy of 21st chromosome occur in humans. LIst any four
characteristic features in an individual suffering from it. (C.B.S.E. 2012)
37. Given below is the representation of amino acid composition of the relevant translated
portion of B chain of haemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells.
DIAGRAM

(a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from certain

related genetic disease? Give reason in support of your answer.
(b) What difference would be notice in the phenotype of the normal and the
sufferer related to this gene?
(c) Who are likely to suffer more from the defect related to the gene represented
the males, the females or both males and females equally? And why?
(C.B.S.E. 2012)
38. (a) Explain sex determination in humans.
(b) How do human males with XXY abnormality suffer? (C.B.S.E. 2012)
39. Snapdragon shows incomplete dominance for flower colour. Work out a cross and
explain the phenomenon. How is this inheritance different from Mendelian pattern of
inheritance? Explain.
(C.B.S.E. 2012)
40. Name the phenomenon that leads to situation like ‘XO’ abnormality in humans. How
do humans with ‘XO’ abnormality suffer? Explain.
C.B.S.E. 2012)
41. A true breeding Pea plant homozygous for axial violet flowers is crossed with another
Pea plant with terminal white flowers (aavv). (a) What would be the phenotype and
genotype of F1 and F2 generation? (b) Give the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation. (c)
List the Mendel’s generalizations which can be derived from the above cross.
(C.B.S.E. 2008)
42. A homozygous tall Pea plant with green seeds is crossed with a dwarf Pea plant with
yellow seeds. (i) What would be the phenotype and genotype of F1? (ii) Work out
the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation with the help of Punnet square. (C.B.S.E. 2008)
43. A snapdragon plant homozygous for red flowers when crossed with a white flowered
plant of the same species produced pink flowers in F 1 generation. (a) What is this
phenotypic expression called? (b) Work out the cross to show the F 2 generation when
F1 was self pollinated. Give the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of F 2 generation. (c)
How do you compare the F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios with those of Mendelian
monohybrid F2ratios.
(C.B.S.E. 2008)
44. Inheritance pattern of flower colour in Garden Pea and Snapdragon differs. Why is
this difference observed? Explain showing the crosses up to F2 generation. (C.B.S.E.
2009)
45. You are given a red flower bearing pea plant and a red flower bearing Snapdragon
plant. How would you find the genotypes of these two plants with respect to the
colour of the flower. Explain with the help of crosses. Comment upon the pattern of
inheritance seen in these two plants. (C.B.S.E. 2009)
Hint. Red Pea plant can be homozygous or heterozygous. Red Snapdragon is
homozygous).
46. A particular garden pea plant produces only violet (a) Is it homozygous dominant for
the trait or heterozygous? (b) How would you ensure its genotype? Explain with the
help of crosses. (C.B.S.E. 2009)
47. (a) How does chromosomal disorder differ from a mendelian disorder?
(b) Name any two chromosomal aberration associated disorders.
(c) List the characteristics of the disorders mentioned above that help in their
diagnosis. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
48. Explain the causes, inheritance pattern and symptoms of any two mendelian genetic
disorders. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
49. Write the symptoms of haemophilia and sickle-cell anemia in humans. Explain how
the inheritance patterns of the two diseases differ from each other.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
50. (a) State the law of independent assortment.
(b) Using Punnet square, demonstrate the law of independent assortment in a
dihybrid cross involving two heterozygous parents. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
51. ABO blood grouping in human population exhibits four possible phenotypes from six
different genotypes. Explain different mechanisms of inheritance involved in
exhibiting the possibility of four phenotypes and six genotypes.
(C.B.S.E. 2010)
52. (a) Why is haemophilia generally observed in human males? Explain the
conditions under which a human female can be haemophilic.
(b) A pregnant human female was advised to undergo MTP. It was diagnosed by
her doctor that the fetus she was carrying has developed from a zygote formed by an
XX-egg fertilized by a Y- carrying sperm. Why was she advised to undergo MTP?
(C.B.S.E.2011
53. (a) A true-breeching homozygous pea plant with green pods and axial flowers as
dominant characters, is crossed with recessive homozygous pea plant having
yellow pods and terminal flowers. Work out the corss up to F2 generation
giving the phenotypic ratios of F1 and F2 generations respectively.
(b) State the Mendelian principle which can be derived from such a cross and not
from monohybrid cross. (C.B.S.E. 2011)
54. What is the inheritance pattern observed in the size of starch grains and seed shape in
Pisum Sativum. Work out the monohybrid cross showing the above traits. How does
this pattern of inheritance deviate from that of Mendelian law of dominance?
(C.B.S.E. 2012)
55. (a) List the three different allelic forms of gene ‘I’ in humans. Explain the
different phenotypic expressions, controlled by these three forms.
(b) A woman with blood group ‘A’ marries a man with blood group ‘O’. Discuss
the possibilities of the inheritance of the blood groups in the following starting
with “Yes” or “No” for each.
(i) They produce children with blood group ‘A’ only.
(ii) They produce children some with ‘O’ bl ood group and
some with ‘A’ blood group. (C.B.S.E. 2012)
56. (a) A garden pea plant bearing terminal, violet flowers when crossed with
another pea plant bearing axial violet flowers, produced axial violet flowers
and axial white flowers in the ratio of 3:1. Work out the cross showing the
genotypes of the parent pea plants and their progeny.
(b) Name and state the law that can be derived from this cross and not from a
dihybrid cross. (C.B.S.E. 2012)
57. (a) Four children with four different blood groups are born to parents where the
mother has blood group ‘A’ and the father has blood group ‘B’. Work out the
cross to show the genotypes of the parents and all four children.
(b) Explain the contribution of Alfred Sturtevant in chromosome mapping.
(C.B.S.E.2012)

55.A colour-blind child is born to a normal couple. Work out a cross to show how it is
possible. Mention the sex of this child.

OR

Mendel published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865, but it remained

Un recognized till 1900. Give three reasons for the delay in accepting his
work. (C.B.S.E.2014)
56. How does the gene 'I' control ABO blood groups in humans? Write the effect the gene
has on the structure of red blood cells.

OR

Write the types of sex-determination mechanisms the following crosses show. Give an
example of each type.
(i) Female XX with Male XO
(ii) Female ZW with Male ZZ (C.B.S.E.2014)
57.A cross was carried out between two pea plants showing the contrasting traits of height of
the plants. The result of the cross showed 50% parental characters.
(i) Work out the cross with the help of a Punnett square.
(ii) Name the type of the cross carried out. (C.B.S.E.2014)
58.A cross between a normal couple resulted in a son who was hemophilic and a normal
daughter. In course of time, when the daughter was married to a normal man, to their
surprise, the grandson was also hemophilic.
(a) Represent this cross in the form of a pedigree chart. Give the genotypes of the daughter
and her husband.
(b) Write the conclusion you draw of the inheritance pattern of this disease. (C.B.S.E.2014)

59. Women are often blamed for producing female children. Consequently, they are ill-
treated and ostracized. How will you address this issue scientifically if you were to conduct
an awareness program to highlight the values involved? (C.B.S.E.2014)
60.A colour-blind child is born to a normal couple. Work out a cross to show how it is
possible. Mention the sex of this child.

OR

Mendel published his work on inheritance of characters in 1865, but it remained

un recognized till 1900. Give three reasons for the delay in accepting his work.
(C.B.S.E.2014)
61. How does the gene 'I' control ABO blood groups in humans ? Write the effect the gene
has on the structure of red blood cells.

OR

Write the types of sex-determination mechanisms the following crosses show. Give an
example of each type.
(i) Female XX with Male XO
(ii) Female ZW with Male ZZ (C.B.S.E.2