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1.learn HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet

The document summarizes key HTML elements and their usage: - HTML elements have opening and closing tags that contain element content. Common elements include headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and links. - Elements are nested to show their relationship and structure. The <body> element contains all other content. - Attributes provide additional information about elements, like setting text colors or linking URLs. - Semantic elements like <header> and <nav> are preferred over generic <div> for accessibility. - Closing tags denote the end of all elements except those that are self-closing, like <img> and <br>.

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Lucas Lohrmann
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

1.learn HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet

The document summarizes key HTML elements and their usage: - HTML elements have opening and closing tags that contain element content. Common elements include headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and links. - Elements are nested to show their relationship and structure. The <body> element contains all other content. - Attributes provide additional information about elements, like setting text colors or linking URLs. - Semantic elements like <header> and <nav> are preferred over generic <div> for accessibility. - Closing tags denote the end of all elements except those that are self-closing, like <img> and <br>.

Uploaded by

Lucas Lohrmann
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Elements and Structure

HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give
content to a web page and instructs web browsers on
how to structure that content.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information <h1>Codecademy is awesome! 🙂</h1>
between the opening and closing tags of an element.

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside: <ol>
Ordered lists <ol>
<li>Head east on Prince St</li>
Unordered lists <ul>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for <video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
video playback. The src attribute will contain the URL
Video not supported
to the video. Adding the controls attribute will display
video controls in the media player. </video>
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is
shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the
element.

<em> Emphasis Element


The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and <p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized
browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by
in italics.</p>
default.

<ol> Ordered List Element


The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items <ol>
in sequential order. Each list item appears numbered
by default.
<li>Preheat oven to 325 F 👩‍🍳</li>
<li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>
<li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>
</ol>

<div> Div Element


The <div> element is used as a container that divides <div>
an HTML document into sections and is short for
<h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
“division”. <div> elements can contain flow content
such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc. <p>Here’s some text for the section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML <body>
elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings,
<div>
children, grandchildren, etc.
<h1>It's div's child and body's
grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an <body>
HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left
...
angle bracket < followed by a forward slash / then
the element name and a right angle bracket to close </body>
>.

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the <elementName name="value"></elementName>
following syntax: name="value" and can be added to
the opening tag of an HTML element to configure or
change the behavior of the element.

<br> Line Break Element


The <br> line break element will create a line break in A line break haiku.<br>
text and is especially useful where a division of text is
Poems are a great use case.<br>
required, like in a postal address. The line break Oh joy! A line break.
element requires only an opening tag and must not
have a closing tag.

<img> Image Element


HTML image <img> elements embed images in <img src="image.png">
documents. The src attribute contains the image URL
and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element
meaning it should not have a closing tag.

<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements


HTML can use six different levels of heading elements. <h1>Breaking News</h1>
The heading elements are ordered from the highest
<h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> .
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
block of text.
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
assigned to different elements in order to differentiate
between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS
and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform
specific instructions on that element and that element
only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and
should only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ),
hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods ( . ).

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of <p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
an element to configure the element or change the
green;">Here’s some text for a paragraph
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, we
are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique that is being altered by HTML
identifier using the id attribute and changing the color attributes</p>
of the default text using the style attribute.

<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a <ul>
list of items in no particular order. Each individual list
item will have a bullet point by default. <li>Play more music 🎸</li>
<li>Read more books 📚</li>
</ul>

alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via the <img src="path/to/image" alt="text
alt attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if an
describing image" />
image fails to render due to an incorrect URL, if the
image format is not supported by the browser, if the
image is blocked from being displayed, or if the image
has not been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is
used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an <body>
HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are
<h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)
rendered on the web browsers.
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a </h1>
document. </body>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text <p><span>This text</span> may be styled
and can be used to group text for styling purposes.
differently than the surrounding text.
However, as <span> is a generic container to
separate pieces of text from a larger body of text, its </p>
use should be avoided if a more semantic element is
available.

<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important, serious, <p>This is <strong>important</strong>
or urgent text and browsers will normally render this
text!</p>
highlighted text in bold by default.

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML <p>Hello World!</p>
document and uses the following syntax: opening tag +
content + closing tag. In the code provided:
<p> is the opening tag.
Hello World! is the content.
</p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle <div>
bracket < followed by the element name and a closing
angle bracket > . Here is an example of an opening
<div> tag.

<a> Anchor Element


The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks <!-- Creating text links -->
in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit
other webpages, files on the same server, a location on
the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink this site</a>
reference attribute, href . The href determines the
location the anchor element points to.
<!-- Creating image links -->
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this
image
</a>

<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information <!DOCTYPE html>
about an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page
<html>
itself. This information is called metadata and includes
things like the title of the HTML document and links to <head>
stylesheets. <!-- Metadata is contained in this
element-->
</head>
</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor element <a href="https://www.google.com"
specifies where a hyperlink should be opened. A
target="_blank">This anchor element links
target value of "_blank" will tell the browser to
open the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or to google and will open in a new tab or
in a new window in older browsers or if the browser has window.</a>
had settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new
window.

Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the <div>
indentation level of text increases once for each level
<h1>Heading</h1>
of nesting.
It is a common convention to use two or four

space per level of nesting. <ul>


<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>
Link to a Different Part of the Page #
The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to <div>
different parts of the same HTML document using the
<p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
href attribute to point to the desired location with #
followed by the id of the element to link to. different part of the page!</p>
</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take
me to a different part of the page</a>

<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML document, <!DOCTYPE html>
should be added after the !DOCTYPE declaration.
<html>
All content/structure for an HTML document should be
contained between the opening and closing <html> <!-- I'm a comment -->
tags. </html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening <!-- Main site content -->
<!-- and closing --> . Content inside of comments
<div>Content</div>
will not be rendered by browsers, and are usually used
to describe a part of code or provide other details.
Comments can span single or multiple lines. <!--
Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML <p>Test paragraph</p>
document between block-level elements will generally
be ignored by the browser and are not added to
increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, <!-- The whitespace created by this line,
whitespace is added for organization and easier reading and above/below this line is ignored by
of the HTML document itself.
the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit


right under the first paragraph, no extra
space between.</p>

<title> Title Element


The <title> element contains a text that defines the <!DOCTYPE html>
title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in the
<html>
browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML page is
<head>
displayed. The <title> element can only be contained <title>Title of the HTML page</title>
inside a document’s <head> element.
</head>
</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full <a
URL, for example: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Learn or a relative file path that links to a
local file in the same folder or on the same server, for US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
example: ./style.css . Relative file paths begin with ./ element is an absolute file path.</a>
followed by a path to the local file. ./ tells the browser
to look for the file path from the current folder.
<a href="./about.html">The URL for this
anchor element is a relative file path.
</a>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> <!DOCTYPE html>
is required as the first line of an HTML document. The
doctype declaration is an instruction to the browser
about what type of document to expect and which
version of HTML is being used, in this case it’s HTML5.

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