ENGINEERING GRAPHICS (Code No.

046)
CLASS XI-XII (2023-24)

Study of engineering graphics is defined as the set of graphic communication

techniques used to convey the ideas, designs, concepts and information using
proper standards. Since ages, professionals like Architects, Draftsmen, Surveyors,
and even technocrats have been extensively using concepts and ideas of Engineering
Graphics. The subject of 'Engineering Graphics' is an indispensable tool for all the
branches of Engineering. This is necessary for the design, construction or analysis of
machines, structures, and various systems even digitally. This subject is also useful
for various designers like prototype designer, product designer, tool & die designer,
apparel designer, footwear designer and interior designer. It is expected that the
knowledge gained through the study of different topics and the skills acquired
through the prescribed practical work will make the learners to meet the challenges
of academic, professional courses and practical applications like design and
development of vehicles, industrial products, aircrafts, dental implant fixtures,
surgical planning of knee replacement etc. after studying the subject at Senior
Secondary Stage.

Objectives:

The study of the subject of Engineering Graphics at Senior School Level aims at
helping the learner to:
● Develop clear concept and perception of different objects.
● Reinforcing the related mathematical concepts.
● Develop a clear understanding of plane geometry, solid geometry, and
machine drawing to apply the same in relevant practical fields such as
technology and industry.
● Develop analytical, visual, and spatial skills.
● Develop the skill of expressing two-dimensional and three-dimensional
objects into professional language and vice versa.
● Acquire speed and accuracy in use of drawing instruments.
● Acquire the ability to readily draw neat sketches, often needed in "On-job
situations".
● Use digital technology (CAD) in designing and developing isometric and
orthographic projections of simple objects.
 COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI (2023-24)
One Paper (Theory): 3 Hours 70 Marks
One paper (Practical): 3 Hours 30 Marks

S. No. Unit Marks Periods

I PLANE GEOMETRY 10 25
1. Lines, angles, and rectilinear figures
2. Circles, inscribing and circumscribing of circles
II SOLID GEOMETRY 30 99
3. Orthographic projection of points and lines
4. Orthographic projection of regular plane figures
5. Orthographic projection of right regular solids
6. Section of solids
III MACHINE DRAWING 30 50
7. Orthographic projections of simple machine
blocks
8. Isometric projection of laminae (plane figures)
Practicals 30 66
Total Marks 100 240

THEORY
I. PLANE GEOMETRY 25 Periods

Printing English alphabets (capital and small) and numerals in standard proportions.
Unidirectional/aligned system of dimensioning as per SP 46:2003 (Revised)
7 Periods
Unit 1: Construction of lines, angles, and their divisions. Simple questions based on
triangles, square, rhombus, regular polygons-pentagon, and hexagon.
10 Periods
Unit 2: Construction of circles, inscribing and circumscribing of circles in equilateral
triangle, square, rhombus, regular polygons-pentagon, and hexagon.
8 Periods

II. SOLID GEOMETRY 99 Periods

Unit 3: Orthographic projection: dimensioning and conventions strictly as per SP

46:2003 (Revised). Orthographic projection of points and lines. 25 Periods
 Unit 4: Orthographic projection of regular plane figures - triangle, square, pentagon,
hexagon, circle, and semi-circle. 15 Periods
Unit 5: Orthographic projection of right regular solids such as cubes; prisms and
pyramids (square, triangular, pentagonal, and hexagonal); cones; cylinders;
spheres; hemi-spheres; frustum of pyramids and cone, when they are kept
with their axis (a) perpendicular to HP/VP (b) parallel to HP and VP both.
35 Periods
Unit 6: Section of right regular solids such as cubes; prisms and pyramids (square,
triangular, pentagonal, and hexagonal); cones; cylinders; spheres, kept with
their axis perpendicular to HP/VP, made by a vertical cutting plane.
24 Periods

III. MACHINE DRAWING 50 Periods

Unit 7: Orthographic projection of simple machine blocks. 25 Periods

Unit 8: Isometric Projection - Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions
of 10 mm and smaller divisions of 1 mm each. Isometric projection (drawn to
isometric scale) of regular plane figures - triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon,
circle, and semi-circle with their surface parallel to HP or VP (keeping one side
either parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP). 25 Periods
PRACTICALS 66 Periods
1. Making different types of graphic designs/ murals for interior/ exterior
decorations in colour using the knowledge of geometrical figures or 3D solids with
the use of any Computer Software such as CollabCAD or any equivalent pertinent
software.
2. Drawing the following engineering curve through activities - ellipse (by trammel &
thread method) on the ground/ drawing sheet/ plywood/ cardboard etc.
3. Developing the following solids with the help of cardboard/ thick paper.
a) cube, cuboid
b) prisms & pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal)
c) right circular cylinder and cone
4. Preparing the section of solids (prisms, pyramids, sphere, etc.) with clay, soap-
cake, plasticine, wax or with the 3D printing technology. When the cutting plane
is: parallel to the base, perpendicular to the base or inclined to the base.
5. Preparing the top-view (plan) of a class-room/lab, home (Drawing
Room/Bedroom/ Study Room, Kitchen) drawing different objects therein.
Note:
I. 15 practical (minimum three each from aforementioned five points) are to be
assessed.
II. In all the practicals, drawing/sketching of the views should be incorporated and
evaluated accordingly.
III. The scheme of evaluation is as follows:
 (a) Practicals (2) 15 Marks
(b) Drawing/ Sketch 05 Marks
(c) Viva-voce 05 Marks
(d) Sessional Work 05 Marks
Total 30 Marks
ACTIVITY
Industrial Visits (Two) to any industry/manufacturing plant to acquaint the students
with the present - day methods & technology for better conceptual understanding.

COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XII (2023-24)

One Paper (Theory): 3 Hours 70 Marks

One paper (Practical): 3 Hours 30 Marks

S. No. Unit Name Marks Periods

I Isometric Projections of Solids 25 60
II Machine Drawing 45 114
A. Drawing of Machine parts
B. Assembly Drawing and Dis-assembly drawings
1. Bearings
2. Rod joints
3. Tie-rod and Pipe joint

Practical 30 66
Total Marks 100 240

THEORY
Unit I: Isometric Projection of Solids 60 Periods

(i) Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10mm and smaller
divisions of 1 mm, also showing the leading angles. Drawing helping view/s such
as triangles, pentagon, hexagon, etc., using isometric scale.

(ii) Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of solids such as cube; regular
prisms and pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal); cone;
cylinder; sphere; hemisphere. The axis and the base side of the solid should be
either perpendicular to HP / VP or parallel to HP and VP.
 (iii) Combination of any two above mentioned solids keeping the base side parallel or
perpendicular to HP/VP and placed centrally together (Axis of both the solids
should not be given parallel to HP).

Note:
1. Hidden lines are not required in isometric projection.
2. Indicate the direction of viewing.

Unit II: Machine Drawing (as per SP46: 2003) 114 Periods
A. Drawing of machine parts
(i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments. 30 Periods
(Internal choice will be given between any two of the following).
Introduction of threads: Standard profiles of screw threads - Square,
Knuckle, B.S.W., Metric (external and internal); Bolts – Square head,
hexagonal head; Nuts – Square head, Hexagonal head; Plain washer,
Combination of nut and bolt with or without washer for assembling two
parts together.

(ii) Free-hand sketches 10 Periods

Conventional representation of external and internal threads; Types of studs
– Plain stud, Square-neck stud, Collar stud; Screws (round-head, cheese-
head, 900 flat counter sunk-head, hexagonal socket head and grub-screw);
Types of rivets – Snap head, Pan head (without tapered neck), Flat head, 60 0
countersunk flat head.

B. Assembly drawings and Dis-Assembly drawings

(Internal choice will be given between an Assembly drawing and a Dis-Assembly
drawing). 74 Periods
1. Bearings
(i) Open-Bearing
(ii) Bush- Bearing
2. Rod-Joints
(i) Cotter-joints for round-rods (Sleeve and cotter joint)
(ii) Cotter-joints for square rods (Gib and cotter-joint)
3. Tie-rod and Pipe-joint
(i) Turnbuckle
(ii) Flange pipe joint

Note:
1. In all Assembly drawings, half sectional front view will be asked.
Side/End view or Top View/Plan will be drawn without section.
 2. In all Dis-assembly drawings, only two orthographic views (one of the
two views may be half in section or full in section) will be asked of any
two parts only.

3. (a) In all sectional views, hidden lines/ edges are not to be shown.

(b) In all full views, hidden lines/edges are to be shown.

PRACTICALS 66 Periods
(i) To perform the following tasks (for One only) from the given views of the
prescribed fifteen (15) machine blocks in ANNEXURE-I.
Value-Points
1. Copy the given views 1
2. Drawing the missing view with hidden lines 2
3. Sketching the Isometric view without hidden edges 5
4. To make the machine block of the above in three dimensions.
(Not to scale but approximately proportionately drawn with
Any medium i.e., Soap-cake, plasticine, clay, wax, floral foam brick
(available with florists), etc. 7
(ii) Computer Aided Design (CAD) – Project 10
Project file to be submitted on the simple solids or machine blocks as
prescribed in part-I by using the CollabCAD software or any equivalent
pertinent software.
(iii) (a) Sessional work relating to machine blocks as prescribed. 3
(b) Viva-voce based on part-I and part-II 2

Total Marks 30

ACTIVITY
Industrial Visits (Two) to any industry/ manufacturing plant to acquaint the students
with the present - day methods & technology for better conceptual understanding.
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