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Electricity and Circuits

This document provides information about electric circuits and their components. It includes questions about electrical symbols, components, and their uses. Key points include: - Electricity is the flow of electric charge. Common circuit components are cells, wires, switches, resistors, and lights. - Standard symbols are used to represent components in circuit diagrams for clarity. A key symbol is the cell which provides electric current. - Circuits can be open or closed. A closed circuit provides a complete path for current to flow from the cell to a device and back. - Common devices that use electric current include lights, heaters, and motors. The heating effect of current is applied in devices like irons and ovens

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567 views

Electricity and Circuits

This document provides information about electric circuits and their components. It includes questions about electrical symbols, components, and their uses. Key points include: - Electricity is the flow of electric charge. Common circuit components are cells, wires, switches, resistors, and lights. - Standard symbols are used to represent components in circuit diagrams for clarity. A key symbol is the cell which provides electric current. - Circuits can be open or closed. A closed circuit provides a complete path for current to flow from the cell to a device and back. - Common devices that use electric current include lights, heaters, and motors. The heating effect of current is applied in devices like irons and ovens

Uploaded by

smi_santhosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VII Science

Chapter 15
Electric Current and Its Effects
Value: Electricity is really just organized lightening.
1. Tick () the correct option.
a. Choose the standard symbol of a cell for a circuit diagram.

Ans: (iv)
b. Which of the following is not an electrical component of an
electric circuit?

i. Cell ii. Conducting wire

iii. Electrical bell iv. None of these

c. The heating effect of electric current is used in:

i. room heater ii. electrical oven

iii. electric iron iv. all of these

d. A fuse wire is:

i. an insulator with high melting point

ii. a conductor with high melting point

iii. a conductor with low melting point

iv. an insulator with low melting point

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VII Science

e. When a current is being drawn from the cell, then the circuit
is:

i. an open circuit ii. a close circuit

iii. an incomplete circuit iv. None of these

2. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the brackets.


a. The SI unit of an electric current is amperes. (amperes/ohm)

b. Ammeter is a device which measures the electric current in a


circuit. (Voltmeter/Ammeter)

c. A battery is a collection of two or more cells. (power


supply/battery)

d. Electromagnets are temporary magnets.


(permanent/temporary)

3. State whether the following statements are True (T) or


False (F).
a. MCB stands for Miniature circuit board: True

b. The LED is a one terminal electrical component: False

c. When a current passes through a wire, a part of the heat


energy is converted into electric energy and the wire gets
heated: False

d. Key is another term for a switch: True

e. Electrical bell is a safety device: False

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VII Science

4. Match the following.


Column A Column B
a. Solenoid (a copper wire i. heating effect of electric
wounded on iron core) current
b. Fuse (heating effect of ii. a copper wire wounded on
electric current) iron core
c. Circuit diagram (standard iii. a component of electric
symbols of components) circuit
d. Resistor (a component of iv. standard symbols of
electric circuit) components

5. Answer the following questions in one word or a


sentence.
a. What is the application of a cell in an electrical circuit?
Ans: Cell used in an electric circuits used as a source of electric
current as it converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

b. How is a voltmeter useful?

Ans: Voltmeter measures the potential difference between two


points in the voltage.

c. Why are electrical current and electrical circuits different?


Ans: Electric current is the charge that flows through the circuit
while electric circuit is the path of conduction wires through
which current flows.

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VII Science

d. Why is an electrical fuse a useful device?

Ans: The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes


too much current to flow. This protects the wiring and the
appliance if something goes wrong. The fuse contains a piece of
wire that melts easily. If the current going through the fuse is
too great, the wire heats up until it melts and breaks the circuit.

e. Name the unit of potential difference.

Ans: Volt is the unit of potential difference.

f. Draw a standard symbol of LED.

Ans:

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VII Science

6. Answer the following questions in short.


a. State the differences between a close circuit and an open
circuit.

Ans: Differences between a close and an open circuit are:

CLOSE CIRCUIT OPEN CIRCUIT


- A closed-circuit makes a - An open circuit makes an
complete path to flow the incomplete path to flow
active energy from source the active energy from
to load. the source to load.
- In an electric closed - In an electrical open
circuit, current flow from circuit, the current does
positive charge to the not flow.
negative charge particles.
- It is represented by ‘( . )‘ - It is represented by ‘( )’ in
in an electric circuit. an electric circuit.
- In an electric circuit, the - In an electric circuit, the
potential difference occurs potential difference does
between the two not occur between the
terminals of the closed two terminals of an open
circuit. circuit.
- This circuit works - This circuit works as
continuously ON state an OFF state position.
position.

b. Define the following:


i. Electric current

Ans: The rate of flow of charges through an electric conductor


(a material which allows electrical charges to flow through it) is
called an electric current.

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VII Science

ii. Electromagnet

Ans: An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the


magnetic field is produced by an electric current and the
magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

c. State three different uses of an electromagnet.

Ans: Uses of electromagnets are:


1. Electromagnets are used in various electrical appliances
such as electric bell, electric fan, electric motor etc.
2. Electromagnets are also used for the preparation of strong
permanent magnets.
3. Doctors use very small electromagnetic devices to take out
small magnetic materials from eyes, ears and nose.
4. Very strong electromagnets are used for magnetic
separation of iron ores.
5. Strong electromagnets are used in heavy industrial cranes
to lift, move and drop heavy iron and steel objects like
cars.

d. Write a short note on LED.


Ans: A LED or light emitting diode is an electrical component
with two terminals, which is a light source. It emits light when
an electric current is passing through it. Unlike a light bulb it
permits current only in one direction. It is available in various
colours and sizes. Its application is similar to a light bulb.

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VII Science

e. Compare a cell and a battery.

Ans:

Cell Battery
- A single unit device which - A battery generally
converts chemical energy consists of a group of
into electrical energy. cells.
- A cell is generally - A battery consists of many
compact and light since it cells which makes it bigger
contains single unit. and bulkier.
- Cells are cheaper. - Batteries are
comparatively expensive.
- A cell can supply power - A battery can supply
for a shorter period of power for longer period
time. of time.

7. Give reasons.
a. Electromagnets are temporary magnets.

Ans: An electromagnet is called a temporary magnet because it


produces magnetic field so long as current flows in its coil.

b. A fuse wire has a low melting point.


Ans: When an excessive amount of current flows through the
fuse wire, the heating effect of current causes the fuse
wire to melt and hence the fuse wire is chosen such that it has a
low melting point.

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VII Science

8. Answer the following questions in detail.


a. Give details of the use of switch in a circuit.
Ans: A switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or
connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting
the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to
another.
b. What must be kept in mind while constructing a circuit
diagram?
Ans: The following points should be kept in mind while
constructing a circuit diagram.

• There should be an electric source such as a cell or a battery.


• There should be a device or an appliance such as a LED or a
bulb to consume electric current.

• There should be a conductor in the form of connecting wires


to provide a path for the flow of current.

• There should be a switch to open or close the circuit.


• There should not be a gap in the electric circuit, for a smooth
flow of electric current.

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VII Science

9. Diagram based questions.


a. Observe the following symbols.

b. Identify the symbols and describe why they are used in a


circuit.

Ans: Symbol (i): A switch is used to stop the flow of electric


current in a circuit. When this switch is set to ‘ON’ position then
current starts flowing in the circuit. When the position of the
switch is changed to ‘OFF’ position, then the electrical current
stops flowing in the circuit
Symbol (ii): A light bulb is connected in a closed circuit to test
the flow of electric current in a circuit.

Symbol (iii): A resistor offers obstacles in the path of flow of


electric current, and thereby it reduces the flow of electric
current. Through this device, the flow of electric current in a
circuit can be controlled.
Symbol(iv): This indicates that the circuit is closed and the
electric current is flowing in the circuit.

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VII Science

11. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)


a. Why are electromagnets used in industrial cranes instead of
permanent magnets?
Ans: Cranes uses electromagnets rather than permanent magnets
because the electromagnets can get magnetic nature as and
when required so that they can lift heavy loads but, in the case
of permanent magnets, it is not possible to release the load
because the permanent magnets never loses
their magnetic property.
b. Why are coil of wires used in electromagnets instead of
straight wires?
Ans: An electromagnetic coil is an electrical conductor such as
a wire in the shape of a coil, spiral or helix.

The advantage of using the coil shape is that it increases the


strength of magnetic field produced by a given current.

Science 20-21 Page 10

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