44th International Tournament of Towns

Junior A-level Fall Proudly hosted by Dr Michael Sun’s School of Maths

Points
1. One hundred friends, including Alice and Bob, live in several cities. Alice has
determined the distance from her city to the city of each of the other 99 friends
and totalled these 99 numbers. Alice’s total is 1 000 km. Bob similarly totalled his
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distances to everyone else. What is the largest total that Bob could have obtained?
(Consider the cities as points on the plane; if two people live in the same city, the
distance between their cities is considered zero).

2. The numbers 1, 19, 199, 1999, etc., are written on several cards, one card for each
number.
a) Is it possible to choose at least three cards so that the sum of the numbers on the
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chosen cards equals a number in which all digits, except for a single digit, are twos?
b) Suppose you have chosen several cards so that the sum of the numbers on the chosen
3 cards equals a number, all of whose digits are twos, except for a single digit. What
can this single different digit be?

3. Baron Munchausen claims that he has drawn a polygon and chosen a point inside
6 the polygon in such a way that any line passing through the chosen point divides the
polygon into three polygons. Could the Baron’s claim be correct?

4. Let n > 1 be an integer. A rook stands in one of the cells of an infinite chessboard
that is initially all white. Each move of the rook is exactly n cells in a single direction,
either vertically or horizontally, and causes the n cells passed over by the rook to
7 be painted black. After several such moves, without visiting any cell twice, the rook
returns to its starting cell, with the resulting black cells forming a closed path. Prove
that the number of white cells inside the black path gives a remainder of 1 when
divided by n.
X

5. On the sides of a regular nonagon 20◦

ABCDEF GHI, triangles XAB, Y BC, A
Y
ZCD and T DE are constructed outside I B 20◦

the nonagon. The angles at X, Y , Z, T H C

9 in these triangles are each 20◦ . The angles
20◦
XAB, Y BC, ZCD, and T DE are such that G D Z

(except for the first angle) each angle is 20◦ F E

greater than the one listed before it. Prove 20◦
the points X, Y , Z, T lie on the same circle. T

6. Peter added a positive integer M to a positive integer N and noticed that the sum
of the digits of the resulting integer is the same as the sum of the digits of N . Then
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he added M to the result again, and so on, and so on. Will Peter eventually get a
number with the same digit sum as the number N again?

7. It is known that among several banknotes of pairwise distinct face values (which are
positive integers) there are exactly N fakes. In a single test, a detector determines
the sum of the face values of all real banknotes in an arbitrary set we have selected.
Prove that by using the detector N times, all fake banknotes can be identified, if
3 a) N = 2;
8 b) N = 3.
 44th International Tournament of Towns
Senior A-Level Paper, Fall round 2022
Proudly hosted by Dr Michael Sun’s School of Maths
Points
1. What is the largest possible rational root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where
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a, b, and c are positive integers that do not exceed 100?

2. Consider two coprime integers p and q which are greater than 1 and differ from each
other by more than 1. Prove that there exists a positive integer n such that
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lcm(p + n, q + n) < lcm(p, q).

3. Note. A circle together with its interior is called a disc, and a chord XY of the circle
divides the disc into disc segments, a minor disc segment XY (the one of smaller area)
and a major disc segment XY . Consider two concentric circles Ω and ω. Chord AD
of the circle Ω is tangent to ω. Inside the minor disc segment AD of Ω, an arbitrary
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point P is selected. The tangent lines drawn from the point P to the circle ω intersect
the major arc AD of the circle Ω at points B and C. The line segments BD and
AC intersect at the point Q. Prove that the line segment P Q passes through the
midpoint of line segment AD.

4. In a chequered square, there is a closed door between any two cells adjacent by side.
The beetle starts from some cell and travels through cells, passing through doors;
she opens a closed door in the direction she is moving and leaves that door open.
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Through an open door, the beetle can only pass in the direction the door is opened.
Prove that if at any moment the beetle wants to return to the starting cell, it is
possible for her to do that.

5. In an infinite arithmetic progression of positive integers there are two integers with
8 the same sum of digits. Will there necessarily be one more integer in the progression
with the same sum of digits?

6. It is known that among several banknotes of pairwise distinct face values (which are
positive integers) there are exactly N fakes. In a single test, a detector determines
the sum of the face values of all real banknotes in an arbitrary set we have selected.
Prove that, by using the detector N times, all fake banknotes can be identified, if
2 a) N = 2;
7 b) N = 3.

7. There are N friends and a round pizza. It is allowed to make no more than 100
straight cuts without shifting the slices until all cuts are done; then the resulting
slices are distributed among all the friends so that each of them gets a share off pizza
having the same total area. Is there a cutting which gives the above result if
5 a) N = 201;
5 b) N = 400?