customer service and chat mechanisms that buyers can engage with, which further

supports the idea that online buyers from a collectivist society form decisions taking into

consideration what other entities have to say instead deciding to engage in online

shopping alone.

Furthermore, according to Pratesi et al. (2021), people from a collectivist society

acknowledge the problems and nuisances mentioned above related to trust when buying

products online on platforms such as websites. They see these things as something that

can affect them not only individually but also collectively. By not being able to

physically inspect a product brought online and identity and financial identity theft seems

to be a trust-related issue that the respondents are aware of. In spite of their awareness,

they still engage in online shopping. This is explained by the study of Baptista and

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 42 Oliveira (2015), which

claimed that when buying products online, trust has a relatively weak effect on

behavioral intention among customers from a collectivist society compared to shoppers

from European countries who are generally individualist.

Even under the concept of cultural collectivism, where the subjective norm

positively impacts online shoppers' behavioral intention to buy, individual respondents

may still form negative perceptions towards their perceived behavior control concerning

online shopping but continue to engage in the same.

The results of this paper contradict the claim of Giantari (2013, as cited in Gu &

Wu, 2019) that online behavioral intention and, consequently, online buying behavior is

significantly affected by perceived behavioral control. The claim of Giantari (2013) was

further supported by the study of Zendehdel et al. (2016), which suggests that if

information security, in general, is not guaranteed, shoppers are less likely to engage in

online shopping.
 Summarizing the results on the three constructs, keeping in mind that respondents

of the survey are engaged in online shopping and are likely to engage in online shopping

behavior again, the attitude has a relatively stronger effect on online shoppers' behavioral

intention to buy than the subjective norm. Perceived behavioral control was found not to

have a significant effect on online shoppers’ behavioral intention to buy. In light of TPB,

results would suggest that if attitude and subjective norm are increased, online shoppers’

behavioral intention to buy would also increase. Ultimately, their actual buying behavior

would also be positively affected.

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 43 The percentages of all the

positive responses on the three constructs are as follows: attitude= 81.68%, subjective

norm=50.97%, and perceived behavioral control=18.57%

Tests were also made with the gender of the respondents concerning the

constructs of TPB and found no significant differences on the extent of effects of the

same, which means that males and females are statistically the same as no discernable

pattern on their responses were observed. The frequency of internet use also has no

bearing on the extent of the effect of the three constructs of TPB on the online buying

intention of shoppers.

Table 6

Significant differences in Filipino Asian Online Shoppers’ Behavioral Intention to Buy

based on Socio-demographic variables

Demographic
Behavioral Control
Variable Category Attitude Subjective Norm

Mean p-value Mean p-value Mean p-value

a. Gender 4.18 0.965 0.257

Male 4.88 0.651 2.77
 Female 4.84 4.18 2.87

1966-1980 4.67 4.04 2.84

b. Year of Birth 1981-1994 4.86 4.20 2.85 0.920

0.016* 0.074

1995 and after 4.97 4.27 2.82 Less than 3 times a

4.06 2.82
week 4.56

c. Internet use More than 3 times a 0.785

frequency 0.495 0.873
week 4.85 4.16 2.73 Daily 4.86 4.18 2.83

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 44 I have been using the

internet since the 19 pandemic 4.93 2.71

beginning of the Covid-
4.47

d. Experience with
0.106 I have been using the
the internet internet for less than 5 0.021* 0.060
years I have been using the internet for 5 years or more
4.47 4.00 3.08 4.89 4.17 2.82

The most notable finding in this section is the significant difference in the extent

of the effect of an online shopper's attitude. Because of the nature and scope of previous

studies using TPB, including the ones mentioned here, potential generational differences

were overlooked because they used respondents from one generational cohort only to

examine online shoppers’ behavioral intention to buy. Since the respondents are

statistically the same regarding the effect of subjective norm and perceived behavioral

control on online behavioral intention to buy, results consequently entail that their buying

behavior is generally the same. The subjective norm positively affects their online
behavioral intention to buy but not perceived behavioral control.

Previous researches generalized the whole population based on the responses coming

from specific generational cohorts; thus, they failed to discover any potential differences

in the online behavioral intention to buy of a specific population extracted from this

research. In this paper, it was found that attitude has a significantly greater extent of

effect on younger online shoppers compared to members of Generation X and Y.

Kahawandala and Peter (2020) made a study about the buying behavior of Generation

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 45 Z shoppers in Sri Lanka, a

collectivist society, and claimed that this generation is the first to have been born in an

era where there is already a broad acceptance of digital solutions and platforms in

contrast with both Generation X and Y. For Generation Z, the internet and digital

platforms using the internet, including online shopping applications, websites, and other

platforms, have always been available and used, which explains their stronger positive

intention towards online shopping than the other two cohorts included in this study.

Generation Z members in collectivist societies also avoid forming interpersonal groups

using Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter platforms. They can also easily read about other

users' or customers' positive attitudes. Attitude and perceived behavioral control have

had a significantly greater effect on those online shoppers using the internet since the

beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Likewise, the correlation of the three constructs was also tested and showed a

significant positive correlation between and among the three variables. This implies that

there is a direct linear relationship between and among them. This means that the other

variable is also expected to increase as one increases. Following the Pearson's correlation

interpretation of Schober et al. (2018), r=0.566 of attitude and subjective norm entails a

moderate positive correlation between these variables. r=-0.273 of attitude and perceived
behavioral control and r=-0.342 of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control both

suggest that, albeit statistically significant, there is a weak negative correlation between

these variables.

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 46 Table 7

Correlation among the Three Constructs of the Theory of Planned

Behavior Variables being Correlated Correlation

Coefficient p-value Interpretation

a. Attitude & Subjective Norm 0.566 <0.001* Significant Positive Correlation

b. Attitude & Perceived
Behavioral Control -0.273 <0.001* Significant Negative Correlation

Perceived Behavioral Control -0.342 <0.001* Significant Negative

c. Subjective Norm &
Correlation

On the correlation analyses of the three constructs, attitude and subjective norm

showed the most substantial relationship. Because of the tight integration of interpersonal

relationships and communication among members of collectivist societies, the personal

opinions, comments, insights, and in the context of this study, individuals' attitudes on

their online shopping can affect the collective. Likewise, the decisions of individuals can

also be formed with the help of a collective. Usually, these are people or groups of people

important to them. This explains the moderate positive relationship between attitude and

subjective norm.

The correlation analysis between perceived behavioral control and attitude and perceived

behavioral control and subjective norm showed weak statistical relationships. As

 previously mentioned, the results on perceived behavioral control concerning online

shoppers' behavioral intention to buy, respondents do not feel a strong sense of control

regarding online shopping in general, yet they still engage in the same. This could be

explained by the positive effect of both attitude and subjective norm on online behavioral

intention to buy. Even though the respondents think that they lack control over online

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 47 shopping, they still manage

to form favorable perceptions regarding attitude and subjective norms. Collectivism

would explain that respondents emphasized their attitude and subjective norm when

deciding whether or not to engage in online shopping. Members of a collectivist society,

when deciding in general, take into consideration both individual and communal goals.

They generally think of the results of the decision they will make and its subsequent

effect on them and on the collective where they belong to and not so much on whether or

not they have a sense of control over that specific action. However, the weak relationship

of perceived behavioral control with attitude and subjective norm still suggests that if

businesses worked to increase the positive perception of online shoppers regarding

attitude and subjective norm, the sense of control of respondents in online shopping

would be negatively affected and ultimately, online behavioral intention to buy.

The weak to moderate relationships of the constructs of TPB is in congruence

with the original paper of Ajzen (1991) about TPB. However, Ajzen claimed that the

exact relationship between each of the three constructs of TPB is still uncertain. The

correlation analysis of the three constructs of TPB is also supported by the study of Alexa

et al. (2021), which claims that subjective norm and perceived behavioral control affect

attitude.

Conclusion

This study was conducted in a collectivist society, particularly in the Philippines.

 Literature suggests that a society's collectivist culture could be an antecedent to their

behavioral intentions and actual decisions. Mainly, this study caters to societies with

collectivist culture and it may not be applicable to individualist societies. This can be

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 48 explained by the subjective

norm that yielded a weaker extent of effect than attitude in online shoppers’ behavioral

intention to buy. Members of collectivist cultures could generate insights and opinions

from this study since the results were taken from a survey among respondents from

various families, friends and reference groups.

The study concludes that perceived behavioral control does not affect online shoppers’

behavioral intention to buy. The effects on attitude and subjective norm, on the other

hand, mainly were consistent with literature saying that both constructs have a

significant positive impact on online shoppers' behavioral intention to buy. The

convenience in product delivery to a shopper's preferred address yielded the most robust

results under attitude. The factor about visiting several shops from one location also

showed strong results which suggests that businesses should have a presence in not just

one platform like Shopee, Lazada, and Facebook Marketplace, among other online

shopping platforms, to reach as many online shoppers as possible. In addition to that,

businesses may also create websites or social media accounts and/or pages to increase

reach. Creating additional social and other digital platforms would be appealing to

collectivist groups. In social media, respondents can virtually connect with people.

Online shoppers seem not to be influenced by other people's expectations to shop in

terms of subjective norms as the question regarding other online users' expectations and

feelings to shop online showed the weakest results. However, it was found that online

shoppers care about what other customers have to say about their actual online shopping

experiences. The indicator on family and references groups, including friends, also
 showed strong results, which further support the claim of Gu and Wu (2019) that friends

and family positively affect online shoppers’ behavioral intention to buy. This is strongly

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 49 in conjunction with the

collectivist nature of the respondents, where family, friends, and reference groups play a

vital role in individuals' decision-making. In today's set-up, where our interpersonal

communications with friends, peers, and even family are done online, which relates to

the collectivist culture of the respondents, it is safer and more convenient to solicit

insights of other people in online platforms such as online shops and social media

applications. Many communications between and among family members are done

through these channels (Procentese et al., 2019). Social media interactions are also

ubiquitous nowadays among friends as they now complement and sometimes partially

stand for offline communication (Décieux et al., 2019).

The findings on the perceived behavioral control contradicted all the previous

research used in this paper. For instance, the study of Gu and Wu (2019) showed a

significant positive effect of perceived behavioral control on online shoppers' behavioral

intention to buy, wherein shoppers have a sense of control over their online shopping

activities. Furthermore, Gu and Wu's study claims that online shopping is something that

shoppers can easily accomplish without much difficulty hence the significant effect of

perceived behavioral control on behavioral intention to buy.

In light of collectivism, the indicator ease of use suggests that respondents still

engage in online shopping even though potential problems could be encountered. As

previously discussed, members of collectivist societies tend to emphasize the perceived

ease of use of these platforms compared to other indicators under the construct of

perceived behavioral control, which could explain the persistence of shoppers to engage

in online shopping.
 BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 50 The results of this paper

show that despite having a weak sense of perceived behavioral control, as evidenced by

respondents being bothered by not physically examining goods and being scared of the

possibility of theft of identity and financial information, respondents still engage in

online shopping. Another potential reason for the contradiction of this study compared to

other studies' results is that the Covid-19 pandemic has left customers with no choice but

to shop online due to government restrictions and protocols that are strictly observed in

the Philippines. A survey conducted by Statista (2020) showed that two of the main

reasons for the increase of online shopping are the imposed closure for non-essential

businesses and that Filipino Asians are generally practicing social distancing and want to

minimize time spent outside. If infected, an individual might potentially pose a risk to

their family members and friends, which are of great importance to members of

collectivist societies; thus, they try to limit their activities outside and generally follow

these enacted protocols and guidelines. What has not been studied before was the

possibility of differences in the extent of the effect of the three constructs of TPB on the

intention of online shoppers based on the generation they belong to. The results suggest

that respondents are statistically the same regarding the extent of subjective norms and

perceived behavioral control with their online behavioral intention to buy. Although

attitude has a positive effect on the online behavioral intention to buy of all the

respondents, results suggest that it has a greater extent of effect on Gen Z shoppers

compared to both Gen X and Y. It should be noteworthy that the majority of the Gen Z

respondents that took part in this study are university students thus the busy schedule

with online classes among other things.

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 51 Attitude, in this study, has

emphasized how efficient online shopping can be in terms of time and effort put in
 physically picking up the parcel. Efficiency, in such context, would benefit Gen Z

university students the most since they are most likely stuck at home among the three

generational cohorts that are included in this study. Given the emphasis of attitude on

convenience in terms of time and effort spent shopping online, collectivism entails that

Gen Z online shoppers would have more time to spend with other people physically and

online. Furthermore, it can be concluded that increasing the positive attitudes would

have a significantly stronger extent of effect on Gen Z online shoppers compared to the

older shoppers. Businesses can focus on customer satisfaction in online shopping to

increase overall positive attitude towards online shopping since, albeit high, it yielded

the weakest results among the variables under attitude. Recommendation

Based on the results, the researcher recommends that future research can either target

individualist societies or compare the two different cultures. This way, marketers and

business owners operating in individualist and collectivist societies would understand

what affects online shoppers’ behavioral intention to buy and their consequent buying

behavior. It is also suggested that probing questions that can identify whether the

respondents are individualist or collectivist would be included in the data gathering

instrument for future research. The reason is that a specific group of people or people

belonging to the same culture being collectivist or individualist is not absolute. This

entails that individuals from collectivist societies might manifest individualist behavior,

and the same might be true to individualist societies with collectivist members.

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 52 Because of the results,

specifically on the extent of the effect of perceived behavioral control on online

behavioral intention to buy, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) may also be used for

future research. This theory has been used to explain human behavior and is one of the

roots of the Theory of Planned Behavior, which describes intention as being formed only
by attitudes and subjective norms. The non-significant effect of perceived behavioral

control on the online behavioral intention to buy of collectivist societies would render

TRA a more precise way to predict the intention of online shoppers, emphasizing only on

attitude and subjective norm. It is also noteworthy that the respondents of the study of Gu

and Wu (2019), which is the basis of this study's survey questionnaire, were mainly

collectivist online shoppers who were highly educated and had relatively high incomes.

This present study did not account for the education and income level of the respondents.

There is a possibility that the respondents of the study of Gu and Wu (2019) were not

bothered by identity and financial identity theft. Future research can research the

difference of online shoppers from different income and education levels regarding their

perceived behavioral control to their online behavioral intention to buy since the results

of this study might not be replicated to online shoppers belonging to specific income or

education levels and also their cultural orientation in terms of collectivism or

individualism.

Also, with perceived behavioral control, future researchers can investigate the

possible reasons people are still engaging in online shopping despite the negative

perceptions towards perceived behavioral control. It is speculated that Covid-19 has a

potential effect on this since it has left many people with no choice but to depend on

online shopping for their daily necessities, among other products. Taking into

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 53 consideration the health

and well-being of others is also a manifestation of a collectivist culture. Researchers can

either disprove this conclusion or identify specific variables that make online shoppers

still want to be engaged in online shopping despite the weak sense of control over online

shopping as found in this study.

The significant difference in the extent of the effect of attitude on younger online
 shoppers’ behavioral intention to buy can also be explored deeper. There might be a

specific reason for this significantly greater extent of effect. Future researchers can look

at the possible variables that specifically affect the attitude of Gen Z online shoppers to

increase their positive attitudes towards the same, which can give precious insights to

businesses that target Gen Z. Results of such studies would be beneficial and would give

valuable insights to businesses that have an online presence in the Philippines and other

Asian nations having collectivist culture that are also operating in platforms like Amazon,

Lazada, and Shopee which are the dominant online shopping platform in the region.

Future Implications

Based on the results wherein the respondents showed a positive attitude towards product

delivery in customer-specified addresses, it can be suggested that businesses that operate

online, or at least ones that plan to have an online presence, should consider delivery

options to these addresses to increase the positive attitude of shoppers. This function has

been tightly integrated into popular online shopping platforms as you cannot complete a

transaction without a specified delivery address. There are, however, businesses where

customers can order products online but still have to physically go to a business-

specified location to pick up their items. In such case, businesses would

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 54 consider adding options for

customers to choose a delivery address to increase their positive perception on attitude

towards online shopping.

Since the results on subjective norm showed that the respondents care about what

other people will have to say about their actual online shopping experiences, it can be

suggested that a business should consider creating a platform where online shoppers who

have already tried buying something from a specific online shop can write about their

experiences. Shopee, Lazada, and Zalora, among other online shopping platforms,
already have this under "Rating and Reviews," "Product rating," and "Reviews,"

respectively. Writing about online shopping experiences has been added to Facebook

Marketplace because shoppers can post or comment on their experiences. If businesses

want to create online shopping platforms such as websites or applications, adding a

function where shoppers can write about their online shopping experiences would be

reasonable. Additionally, in order to capitalize on the results which showed that the

comments and opinions of family members and friends positively affect online shoppers’

behavioral intention to buy, businesses may consider having social media presence given

their popularity among Filipino Asians. It is in social media applications such as

Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, and Twitter, among other platforms, that online shoppers

can get comments, opinions, and insights about products bought online or online shops in

general.

With regards to perceived behavioral control, since the results showed that online

shoppers are bothered by risks associated with the security of personal and financial

identity, it can also be suggested that businesses and online shopping platforms can

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 55 integrate tighter security in

their transactions or other measures for safer online transactions in the future.

Also, the significantly greater extent of the effect of attitude on Gen Z shoppers

may provide insights to online business owners suppose their target audiences are part of

the cohort Gen Z. In this case, businesses may aim to increase or at least improve the

positive perceptions of their audience concerning their attitude on online shopping. They

may capitalize on the efficiency of online shopping to customers and the fact that

respondents think online shopping saves them valuable time. There are many ways

wherein efficiency in terms of time can be improved in online shopping—a simple and

easy to use and navigate online shop, website, or application would be a reasonable
consideration. Businesses can also work closely with couriers for a potentially faster and

quicker delivery date; at the same time, businesses should also be able to pack ordered

goods promptly so that the same could be passed down to couriers and subsequently

delivered to customers without delay in case they do not have a business-owned delivery

channel.

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BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 70 Appendix A

Survey Questionnaire

Part 1: Please choose the one most appropriate response

Internet use frequency
___Daily
___More than 3 times a week
___Less than 3 times a week
Experience with the Internet
___I have been using the Internet for 5 years or more
___I have been using the Internet for less than 5 years
___I have been using the Internet since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic
Year of Birth
___1966-1980
___1981-1994
___1995 and after
Gender
___Male
___Female

Part 2: Please rank the following statements/questions as follows:

(1) Strongly Disagree
(2) Disagree
(3) Disagree Somewhat
(4) Agree Somewhat
(5) Agree
(6) Strongly Agree
2.1: Think of your extent of agreement to the following statements to measure your
attitude on online shopping. Please check your answer.
1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Online shopping is an efficient method of shopping.

2. Online shopping saves me time.

 3. I like the idea of online shopping because I can
visit several shops from one location.

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 71

4. I like online shopping because I am able to gather
product information from other stores
simultaneously.

5. I like the idea that products purchased online

are delivered to my address of choice.

6. I have always had a satisfactory experience

with online shopping.

7. I would definitely shop online again.

2.2: Think of your extent of agreement to the following statements to measure the effect
of subjective norm on your online shopping intention. Please check your answer
1 2 3 4 5 6

8. I care about what other consumers have to

say about their online shopping experiences.

9. I care what my friends have to say about

their online shopping experiences.

10. I care what my parents have to say about

their online shopping experiences.
 11. I feel that I have to shop online because
everyone else is shopping online.

12. I feel that I am expected to shop online.

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 72

13. I care what online users are saying about

online shopping experiences

2.3: Think of your extent of agreement to the following statements to measure the effect
of perceived behavioral control on your online shopping intention. Please check your
answer.
1 2 3 4 5 6

14. Online shopping sites are easy to use

15. It bothers me that I can’t physically

examine goods before purchasing them
online.

16. I’m afraid that others can steal my identity

if I shop online.

17. I’m afraid that my debit or credit card

information can be stolen if I shop online.

18. It bothers me that I have to wait for traditional

mail services to return a product if I am not
satisfied.
19. It bothers me that I have to wait for a
product purchased online to arrive in the mail
before I will know if I am satisfied with the
product.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR COOPERATION

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 73

Appendix B

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 74

Appendix C
 Sample Consent Form
Dear Respondent:

May I invite you to take part in my study on “Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior
on the Buying Intention of Online Shoppers.” The study aims to look at the possible
effect of your attitude, subjective norm and behavioral control on your online shopping
behavior. The study will give emphasis on which generation you belong to in relation to
online shopping. By answering honestly the items in the attached questionnaire, you will
help me attain my research objectives.

I do not anticipate that taking this survey will pose any risk or inconvenience to you.
Moreover, all information you provide will be used only for research purposes and will be
kept confidential. You will not be personally identified as a respondent in the study nor
will any connection be made to you as an individual respondent in any report or
publication that will arise from the study.

Your participation is strictly voluntary. By responding to this survey, you would have
signified your willingness to take part in the study. Furthermore, you are free to withdraw
from this study even after consenting to participate on it. Should you take part and would
be interested in the results of the study, kindly notify me through my contact information
below. Likewise, please let me know in case you have any comments or questions.

Additionally, if you have any concerns about your treatment as a participant in this study,
please call or write Dr. Elizabeth H. Bautista, Chair of the SLU Research Ethics
Committee, at telephone no. (074) 444-8246 to 48 – local 387 or [email protected].
The SLU-REC Chairperson may ask your name for proper identification. However, all
information about you as well as your concern/complaint will be kept in confidence.
Thank you very much.

CARL JOVEN C. CARRANZA

Researcher/Project Leader
Designation: Instructor
Office/Department: Entrepreneurship, Human Resource and
Marketing Institution: Saint Louis University
Mobile phone: 09392569238
Email address: [email protected]
BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 75

Appendix D

Tables

Table 2

Profile of the Respondents

Demographic
 Variable Category n Percentage

Male 149 32.1

a. Gender
Female 315 67.9

1966-1980 137 29.5

b. Year of Birth Daily 422 90.9

I have been using the internet since the

beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic 38 8.2

I have been using the internet for less

than 5 years 42 9.1
c. Internet use frequency

d. Experience with the internet

1981-1994 134 28.9 1995 and after 193 41.6 Less

than 3 times a week 14 3.0 More than 3 times a

week 28 6.0
BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 76

I have been using the internet for 5

years or more384 82.8

Total 464 100.00

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 77
 Curriculum Vitae

Luciente I, Bolinao, Pangasinan 2406∙09392569238∙[email protected]

Carl Joven C. Carranza

Career Objective

To build and develop my knowledge and skills in the research process in order to improve my
competence as a University Instructor.

Professional Accomplishments

Teacher of the Month-51 Talk

∙ Top performing Teacher for the month of June, 2016

∙ Perfect attendance and perfect capacity for student booking on online sessions
∙ TPR Champion

Guest Lecturer for SURO 2018 All-in

College Entrance Exam Review
∙ Gave a comprehensive sharing regarding entrance exam in the college level
∙ Gave a review in the subject English
∙ Conducted an open forum with students

Top 10 Civil Service Passer

Professional Level- CAR May 2015
∙ Qualified as the top 10 passes in CAR for the May 2015 Civil Service Exam last May 2015

SLU Music Fest 2019 Champion

∙ Individual medal (Champion-vocal solo category)
∙ Champion-vocal duet category

Employment History

January-April 2016 HR on the job trainee Camp John Hay Golf Club, Baguio City,
Philippines

∙ Took charge of the record-keeping of current clients’ forms

∙ Executed administrative and HR functions such as background checking in relation to

employment

∙ Scheduled potential candidate interviews

BEHAVIORAL INTENTION OF ONLINE SHOPPERS 78

∙ Facilitated preliminary exams for position candidates

November 2016-August 2017 Office-based Teacher 51 Talk, Baguio City,
Philippines
 ∙ Took charge of the scheduling of bookings in the online teaching sessions
∙ Taught basic English to Chinese learners through pre-made
∙ Engaged in free-talks with more advanced learners
September 2017-Present Instructor Saint Louis University, Baguio City Philippines
∙ Attended training pursuant to skills and knowledge development with topics such as Marketing,
Entrepreneurship, Law as well as Information Technology
∙ Acted as a resource speaker for some in-house trainings
∙ Served as the SAMCIS Men’s Volleyball Team Coach (2019)
∙ Judged several school-based competition
∙ Served as the coordinator of SAMCIS Chorale (2021)
∙ Participated in community outreach programs spearheaded by the Computer Applications
Department
∙ Taught business subjects like Marketing, Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management to
business students
∙ Taught basic IT subjects to Engineering, Nursing, Medical and Business students
Trainings
∙ Entrepreneurship Accelerator Cohort Programs of the Erasmus BEEHIVE Project ∙
Living in the IT Course Orientation Seminar Resource Speaker
∙ Electronic World Marketing Summit
∙ Distance Learning Education Materials Learning Development Training-Workshop ∙
Resource Person: BUILDING THE LOUISIAN TRUE BLUE SPIRIT: THE
ENTREPRENEURIAL MIND JOURNEY
∙ Resource Speaker: JOURNEY TO BUILDING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL MIND
Education

June 2016 BSBA Major in Marketing Saint Louis University