Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

1. Atoms, Elements and Compounds

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the locations of protons, neutrons and
electrons and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table as well as complete
simple word and symbol equations. I can also understand that
transition metals are metals with similar properties.

I do

The formula of the compound silver oxide is Ag2O

Give the name and number of the atoms which have joined together to make the compound
Ag2O

Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you answer this question.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
(3)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

We do
A group of pupils are looking at brine (salt water) and want to match the following to the
correct statements.

You do
The chemical formula for 4 acids has been shown below.

Nitric Acid Sulphuric Acid Phosphoric Acid Hydrochloric

Acid

HNO3 H2SO4 H3PO4 HCl

(a)  Give the name of the element that is present in all the acids.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)  Give the name of the 2 other elements present in sulphuric acid.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)  How many elements are there in phosphoric acid?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(d)  How many atoms are there in phosphoric acid?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Independent work
Q1. Complete the table below. The first row has been completed for you. You may use your
periodic table to support your answer.

Name of substance Chemical Formula Number of atoms of each

element

Water H2O 2 x Hydrogen, 1 x Oxygen

2 x Sodium, 1 x oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Methane 1 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen

C6H12O6

1 Hydrogen, 2 Chlorine

SO2

Copper Carbonate CuCO3

Al2O3

(9)

Q2. For each of the substances below, draw a particle diagram to represent one molecule of the
substance. Use the key shown below. The first one has been done for you

Water H2O Carbon Dioxide CO2

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Ammonia NH3 Oxygen O2

Hydrogen H2
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q3. State whether each substance below is an element, a compound or a mixture.

Q4. Sort out the following substances into the table. Each substance should be written in
one column only

Elements Compounds

Q5. Sodium bicarbonate is the chemical name for bicarbonate of soda. It is a compound with the
formula of NaHCO3.

(a)  How many elements are there in sodium bicarbonate?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(b)  Use the periodic table to name each element in sodium bicarbonate.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)  How many atoms are there in sodium bicarbonate?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d)  For each element in sodium bicarbonate, say how many atoms there are.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Q6. Acetic acid is the name of the solute in a solution of vinegar. It is a compound with the formula
CH3COOH.

(a)  How many elements are there in acetic acid?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)  Use the periodic table to name each element in acetic acid.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)  How many atoms are there in acetic acid?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d)  For each element in acetic acid, say how many atoms there are.
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

Challenge Task
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

The electronic structure of a neon atom shown in Figure 2 is not correct.

Explain what is wrong with the electronic structure shown in Figure 2.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

2. Structure of the atom

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the locations of protons, neutrons and
electrons and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table as well as
complete simple word and symbol equations. I can also understand that
transition metals are metals with similar properties.

I do

The structure in the diagram represents an atom of lithium.

The atom contains three types of particles:

• protons

• neutrons

• electrons.

Describe the atomic structure of lithium.

Use the diagram to help you.

Include in your answer:

• the number of each type of particle

• where in the atom each particle is found.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
(4)

We do
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q1. For all of the elements below, state the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

4
He.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(4)

You do
Q1. Complete the following table showing the masses and charges of subatomic particles.

Subatomic particle Relative charge Relative mass

Proton 1

0 1

Electron –1

(3)

Q2. a) Describe in terms of sub-atomic particles why atoms are neutral.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

b) Explain why the nucleus of an atom carries a positive charge.

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2)
Independent work
Q1. Add labels to complete the diagram below.

(5)

Q2. Describe where each type of particle is found within the atom.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Q3. Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each of these
atoms. (9)

element proton neutron electron

40
Ar

40
Ca

24
Mg
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

52
Cr

73
Ge

91
Zr

31
P

35
Cl

39
K

Q4. The figure below shows an atom of boron.

(a) When the mass of the boron atom is calculated, the mass of the electrons is ignored. Why is
the mass of the electrons ignored?

_______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) How many electrons are there in the boron atom?

________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) What is the electrical charge on the nucleus of the boron atom?

________________________________________________________________

(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(d) The mass number of boron is 11. Use the figure above to calculate the number of neutrons in
the nucleus of the boron atom. Explain how you worked out the answer.

Number of neutrons =

________________________________________________________________

Explanation

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
(3)

(e) Phosphorus has a mass number of 31 and has 16 neutrons.

What percentage of the mass number of phosphorus is the number of neutrons?

Give your answer to two significant figures.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Percentage = ____________________
(2)

Q5. There are eight elements in the second row (lithium to neon) of the periodic table.

(a) Figure 1 shows a lithium atom.

(i) What is the mass number of the lithium atom in Figure 1?

________________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) What is the charge of an electron?

________________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Protons are in the nucleus. Which other sub-atomic particles are in the nucleus?

________________________________________________________________

(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(b) What is always different for atoms of different elements?

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(c) Figure 2 shows the electron arrangements of three different atoms, X, Y and Z.

These atoms are from elements in the second row (lithium to neon) of the periodic table.

Which atom is from an element in Group 3 of the periodic table?

(1)

(d) Figure 3 shows the electron arrangement of a different atom from

an element in the second row of the periodic table.

(i) Give the chemical symbol of this element.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Why is this element unreactive?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Challenge Task
The table gives the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions of

elements. The letters used in the table are not the chemical symbols of the elements. 

Use this information to answer the following questions.

Each letter can be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a)     Give the letters of:

(i)      two atoms of the same element; ________________ and ________________

(ii)     a positive ion; ________________

(iii)     a negative ion; ________________

(iv)    an atom or ion which has a mass number of 20; ________________

(v)     an atom of a very reactive metal; ________________

(5)

(b)     How many electrons does an atom with an atomic number of 12 have?

________________________________
(1)

(c)     (i)      X is an ion. In which group of the periodic table is the element
from which X is formed?

________________________________
(1)
(ii)     From the table above, give the letter of another atom which reacts in a
similar way to the element from which ion X is formed.

________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Lesson 3: The Periodic Table

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the locations of protons, neutrons and
electrons and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table as well as
complete simple word and symbol equations. I can also understand that
transition metals are metals with similar properties.

I do
(a)     Choose from the names of elements in the box the answers to the questions which follow.
 

aluminium               carbon                 chlorine               copper

helium                       iron                magnesium              sodium

Give the name of:

(i)      an alkali metal

_______________________________________________________
(1)

(ii)     a halogen

_______________________________________________________
(1)

(iii)     a noble gas

_______________________________________________________
(1)

(iv)     Describe one physical property metals they have in common.

_______________________________________________________
(1)
We do
Table 1 shows the electron arrangement of the atoms of four elements. The letters are not
the correct symbol for the elements.
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Give the letter or letters that match the description of the elements given. Use Table 1 to help
you answer. [5 marks]

An element in group 4 of the periodic table ______________________________________

Elements with a full outer shell ______________________________________

An element that has one electron in its outer shell

______________________________________

Unreactive elements ______________________________________

You do
Q1. Part of the Periodic Table is shown. It includes the symbols for six elements.

(a)     Write the symbol for carbon. ___________________________________________

(1)

(b)     (i)      Put the symbol Cl, for chlorine, into its correct position in the Table.
(1)

(ii)     Bromine, chlorine, fluorine and iodine are halogens. Which one of these halogens is least
reactive?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)     The alkali metals form Group 1 in the Periodic Table. Write the symbol of the most reactive
alkali metal shown in the Table above.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d)     Write the symbol for an element which is in the same Group as sodium.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Independent work
Q1. Part of the Periodic Table is shown below. Use the information to help you answer the
questions which follow.

(a)     Write the symbol for:

(i)      chlorine; _____________________

(ii)     sodium. _____________________

(2)

(b)     (i)      What is the symbol of the element which is in Group 2 and Period 3?

____________

(ii)     What name is given to Group 7?

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c)     The arrangement of electrons in sulphur (S) is 2.8.6.

Write the arrangement of electrons for:

(i)      neon (Ne); ____________________________________________________

(1)

(ii)     aluminium (Al). ________________________________________________

(1)

(d)     The Periodic Table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number.
What is the atomic number of an element?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e)     What is the name of the uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q2. Use the periodic table on the Data Sheet to answer these questions. The table below gives
the electronic structures of four elements, W, X, Y and Z.
 
Element Electronic structure

W 2,5

X 2,7

Y 2,8,8

Z 2,8,8,1

(a)     Which element W, X, Y or Z:

(i)      is a Group 0 gas? __________

(ii)     is nitrogen? __________

(iii)     is a Group 7 gas? __________

(iv)    reacts violently with water? __________

(3)

(b)     Which two Groups of the periodic table do not contain any non-metals?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Q3. This question is about metals and non-metals. Figure 1 shows an outline of part of the
periodic table.

Figure 1

(a)  Element Q is a dull solid with a melting point of 44 °C.

Element Q does not conduct electricity.

Which section of the1771 periodic table in Figure 1 is most likely to contain element Q?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(b)  Element R forms ions of formula R2+ and R3+

Which section of the periodic table in Figure 1 is most likely to contain element R?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)  Give two differences between the physical properties of the elements in Group 1 and those
of the transition elements.

1  __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2  __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
(2)

(d)  Complete Figure 2 to show the electronic structure of an aluminium atom. Use the periodic
table.

Figure 2

(1)

Q4. This question is about Group 1 elements.

(a)  Complete Table 1 to show the electronic structure of a potassium atom.
 
Table 1

Atom Number of electrons Electronic structure

Sodium 11 2,8,1

Potassium 19  
(1)

(b)  Why do Group 1 elements have similar chemical properties?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)  What is the type of bonding in sodium?

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Table 2 shows observations made when lithium, potassium and rubidium react with water.
 
Table 2

Element Observations

Bubbles slowly
Lithium Floats
Moves slowly

1 _____________________________
Sodium
2 _____________________________

Bubbles very quickly

Melts into a ball
Potassium Floats
Moves very quickly
Flame

Sinks
Rubidium Melts into a ball
Explodes with a flame

(d)  Give two observations you could make when sodium reacts with water.

Write your answers in Table 2.

(2)

(e)  How does the reactivity of the elements change going down Group 1?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
(1)

(f)  Give two ways in which the observations in Table 2 show the change in reactivity going down
Group 1.

1  __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2  __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
(2)

(g)  Which gas is produced when Group 1 elements react with water?

Tick (✓) one box.

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

(1)

(h)     What happens when a small piece of sodium reacts with water?

You should describe what you would see and state what substances are formed.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
(3)

Challenge Task
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

The elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
Part of the modern Periodic Table is shown.

(a)     Complete the sentence by writing in the missing words.

The modem Periodic Table is arranged in order of increasing

______________________________________________________________.
(1)

(b)     (i)      Name a metal in the same group as lithium.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii)     Name a non-metal in the same period as magnesium.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

Lesson 4: Chemical Reactions

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Key objective 1
ATOMIC STRUCTURE & THE PERIODIC TABLE
I can state the key features of an atom including the locations of protons, neutrons and
electrons and can describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table as well as
complete simple word and symbol equations. I can also understand that
transition metals are metals with similar properties.

I do
This question is about Group 1 elements.

(a)  Sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride.

Balance the equation for the reaction.

(1)

(b)  4.6 g of sodium reacts with chlorine to produce 11.7 g of sodium chloride.

What mass of chlorine reacted?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Mass of chlorine = ____________________ g

(1)

Formulae and equations are used to describe chemical reactions.

Aluminium reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce aluminium

sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 and hydrogen (H2).

Complete and balance the equation for this reaction.

____Al + _____________ _____________ + __________

(2)

We do
This question is about hydrogen chloride.

(b)  Complete the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine.

H2 + _____________ ⟶ _____________
(2)

(c)  5 g of hydrogen reacts with chlorine to produce 12 g of hydrogen chloride.

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

What mass of chlorine reacted?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Mass of chlorine = ____________________ g

(1)

You do

Ben put a beaker weighing 50 g on a balance. He added 50 g of dilute hydrochloric acid and
2.5 g of calcium carbonate to the beaker.
The total mass of the beaker and its contents was 102.5 g.

(a)     The hydrochloric acid reacted with the calcium carbonate. How could Ben tell that a chemical
reaction was taking place in the beaker?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b)     The word equation for the reaction which took place is:
 
hydrochloric calcium calcium carbon
+   + + water
acid carbonate chloride dioxide

When the reaction stopped, the total mass had decreased from 102.5 g to 101.4 g.
Some water had evaporated from the beaker.
What else caused the drop in mass?
Use the word equation to help you answer the question.

__________________________________________________________________________
(1)

Independent work
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q1. Sodium chloride can be made by reacting potassium hydroxide with

hydrochloric acid in the presence of an indicator.

a) (i) What is the name of this type of reaction?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

_______(aq) + _______(aq) → _______(aq) + _______(l)

(2)

b) The reaction between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide is a neutralisation reaction.

The reaction produces salt and one other product.

Complete the word equation for the reaction.

nitric acid + sodium hydroxide ⟶ ____________________ + ____________

(2)

Q2. Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction.

methane + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

(4)

Q3. (a) You may find the Data Sheet helpful to complete the word equation.

These two gases react as shown in the balanced symbol equation.

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

hydrogen + ________________ → ___________________

(2)
Q4. One step in the manufacture of lead is the reduction of lead oxide with carbon. Lead and carbon
dioxide are the products of this reaction.

Write a word equation for this reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________
(1)

Q5. Choose gases from this list to complete the word equations below.

carbon dioxide hydrogen nitrogen

oxygen sulphur dioxide

(a) sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + _______________________ .

(1)

(b) magnesium + ______________________________→ magnesium oxide.

(1)

Q6. Sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide.

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

sulfur + _______________________________________________________________________
(1)

Q7. Sodium reacts with fluorine to produce sodium fluoride.

(i) Complete the word equation for this reaction.

sodium + ___________________ → ____________________

(1)

(ii) Complete the sentence.

Substances in which atoms of two or more different elements are chemically

combined are called _____________________ .

(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q8. This chemical equation represents the reaction of hydrogen burning.

Complete the sentence to describe what is happening in this chemical reaction.

Hydrogen reacts with ____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
(2)
Q9. Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction.

Sodium hydroxide + nitric acid → sodium nitrate + water

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
(4)

Q10. Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

(i) Complete the word equation for this reaction.

Glucose + ________________ → _________________+ ________________

(2)

Q11. Here is the word equation for a chemical reaction.

magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide

Write down everything that the word equation tells you about the reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
(4)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Challenge Task

The following passage was taken from a chemistry textbook.

Germanium is a white, shiny, brittle element. It is used in the electronics industry because it is able
to conduct a small amount of electricity.

It is made from germanium oxide obtained from flue dusts of zinc and lead smelters.
The impure germanium oxide from the flue dusts is changed into germanium by the process outlined
below.

STEP 1               The germanium oxide is reacted with hydrochloric acid to make
germanium tetrachloride. This is a volatile liquid in which the germanium and chlorine atoms are
joined by covalent bonds.

STEP 2               The germanium tetrachloride is distilled off from the mixture.

STEP 3               The germanium tetrachloride is added to an excess of water to

produce germanium oxide and hydrochloric acid.

STEPS 1 to 3      are repeated several times.

STEP 4               The pure germanium oxide is reduced by hydrogen to form

germanium.

(a)     Balance the equation below which represents the reaction in step 1.

GeO2    +    ______  HCl    →      GeCl4    +    ______  H2O

(1)

(b)     Write a word equation for the reaction in step 3.

____________________________________________________________
(1)

(c)     Suggest why steps 1 to 3 are repeated several times.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________
(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

5. The three states of matter

Key objective 2
BONDING, STRUCTURE & THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I can describe the key features of solids, liquids and gases as well as describe what covalent, ionic
and metallic bonds are.

I do
The air also contained a small amount of argon.

As the temperature of the air decreased from 20 °C to –190 °C the argon changed from a gas to a
liquid to a solid.

Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles of the argon as the
temperature of the air decreased.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(6)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

We do
(a) Figure 1 shows the melting points and the boiling points of four substances, A, B, C and D.

Figure 1

(a) Which substance is liquid over the greatest temperature range?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Which two substances are gases at 50 °C?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) A different substance, E, has:

• a melting point of −50 °C
• a boiling point of +120 °C

Plot these two values on Figure 1.

(2)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

You do
Graph 2 shows the distribution of energy among particles in a liquid.

Explain, in terms of the particles in a liquid, why evaporation causes cooling.

You may use information from Graph 2 to help you with your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Independent work
Q1. The diagram shows a model of the particles in a gas and in a liquid.

(a)     Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of particles of the same substance as
a solid.
(2)

(b)     What is the name of the process when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid?

Tick one box.

 

Condensing

Evaporating

Freezing

Melting

(1)

(c)     The substance in the diagram has a:

•        melting point of 98 °C

•        boiling point of 883 °C

What is the state of the substance at 20 °C?

Tick one box.

 

Gas Liquid Solid

(1)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(d)     What type of change is a change of state?

Tick one box.

 

Chemical

Kinetic

Permanent

Physical

(1)

(e)     Which two statements are correct about the particles when a liquid turns into a gas?

Tick two boxes.

 

Particles are bigger

Particles are lighter

Particles have more chemical

energy

Particles have more kinetic energy

Particles move faster

(2)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(f)      Which two quantities are needed to calculate the energy required to turn a liquid into
a gas with no change in temperature?

Tick two boxes.

 

Mass of the liquid

Specific heat capacity of the gas

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Time the liquid is heated

(2)

(Total 11 marks)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q2. Here is a symbol equation, with state symbols, for a chemical reaction between solutions of
lead nitrate and potassium chloride.

Pb (NO3)2 (aq)     +     2 KCl (aq)      2KNO3 (aq)     +     PbCl2 (s)

The equation tells you the formulae of the two products of the reaction.

(a)     What are the names of the two products?

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b)     What else does the equation tell you about these products?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q3. (a)     Magnesium burns in oxygen, forming magnesium oxide.

          This equation represents the reaction.

Mg (s)  +  O2  (g)  →  MgO (s)

(i)      Balance the equation.

(1)

(ii)     Give the meaning of the state symbols (s) and (g).

(s) _______________________

(g) _______________________
(2)

(b)     Use the Formulae of Some Common Ions table on the Data Sheet to help you to
answer this question.

Magnesium also reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride.

Give the formula of magnesium chloride _________________________________

(1)
(Total 4 marks)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q4. A student investigated the evaporation of three different liquids using the apparatus shown.

Identical pieces of cotton wool were soaked in one of three liquids, A, B or C, that have
different boiling points. The same volume of liquid, at the same starting temperature, was
used each time.

The temperature of the cotton wool was measured during a ten minute period.

The results are shown on Graph 1.

 
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(a)     Which liquid has the lowest boiling point?

Explain your choice.

Liquid __________

Explanation _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b)     Room temperature is 20 °C.

The line for liquid C reached a lower limit of 7 °C.

Explain why the temperature did not fall below 7 °C.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
Challenge
 Graph 2 shows the distribution of energy among particles in a liquid.

Explain, in terms of the particles in a liquid, why evaporation causes cooling.

You may use information from Graph 2 to help you with your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(4)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

6. Ionic bonding

Key objective 2
BONDING, STRUCTURE & THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I can describe the key features of solids, liquids and gases as well as describe what covalent and
ionic bonds are and I can describe the structure of diamonds and graphite.

I do
This question is about magnesium and magnesium chloride. Magnesium chloride contains
magnesium ions (Mg2+) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).

Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with chlorine
atoms to produce magnesium chloride.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

We do
The fertiliser also contains potassium chloride.

Explain why potassium chloride has a high melting point.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

You do
This question is about calcium and calcium chloride. Calcium chloride contains calcium ions
(Ca2+) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).

Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when a calcium atom reacts with chlorine
atoms to produce calcium chloride.

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 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Independent work

Q1. The diagram represents a magnesium atom.

(a)     Use words from the box to answer these questions.

 
electron neutron nucleus proton

(i)      What is the name of the central part of the atom? ______________________

(1)

(ii)     What is the name of the particle with no charge? _______________________

(1)

(iii)    What is the name of the particle with a negative charge? _________________

(1)

(b)     Use the diagram above to help you answer these questions.

(i)      Draw a ring around the atomic (proton) number of this magnesium atom.
 
12 24 36

(1)

(ii)     Draw a ring around the mass number of this magnesium atom.

 
12 24 36

(1)

(c)     The diagram shows how magnesium and iodine atoms form magnesium iodide.

Only the outer electrons are shown.

 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

The dots (●) and crosses (×) are used to represent electrons.

Use the diagram to help you to answer this question.

Describe, as fully as you can, what happens when magnesium reacts with iodine to make
magnesium iodide.

To gain full marks you should use the words atom, electron and ion in your answer.

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(Total 9 marks)
 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

Q2. (a)     The diagram shows an atom of magnesium and an atom of chlorine.

       Magnesium                                                          Chlorine

Describe, in terms of electrons, how magnesium atoms and chlorine atoms change into ions to
produce magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

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(b)     Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

Relative atomic masses (Ar): magnesium = 24; chlorine = 35.5

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Relative formula mass (Mr) = ________

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 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(Total 6 marks)

Q3. Atoms of calcium, phosphorus and fluorine are represented below, each with its mass number
and proton number.

(a)     Use this information to complete the table.

 
  CALCIUM PHOSPHORUS FLUORINE

Number of protons in 20   9
the nucleus

Number of neutrons in 20 16  
the nucleus

Number of electrons   15 9

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(b)     Calcium and fluorine atoms can combine to form the compound calcium fluoride, CaF2.

The fluoride ion is represented by F–.

(i)      Explain how the fluorine atom forms a fluoride ion.

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(ii)     How is the calcium ion represented?

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(c)     Phosphorus and fluorine form a covalent compound, phosphorus trifluoride.

Complete the sentences below which are about this compound.

Phosphorus trifluoride is made up of phosphorus and fluorine ________________

These are joined together by sharing pairs of ________________________ to form

phosphorus trifluoride ____________________________ .

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 Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1

(d)     (i)      Sodium chloride, an ionic compound, has a high melting point whereas paraffin wax, a
molecular compound, melts easily.

Explain why.

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(ii)     Molten ionic compounds conduct electricity but molecular compounds are non-conductors,
even when liquid.

Explain why.

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(Total 14 marks)

Challenge
The figure below shows the electronic structure of an oxygen atom and a calcium atom.

Describe how the calcium atom and the oxygen atom forms calcium oxide.

You should give the charge on each ion formed.

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Year 7 A+B Chemistry Aut1