FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

MEM634 ERGONOMIC DESIGN

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT FORM

No Full Name of Student: Student No: Mobile No:

1 MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN 2018292558 011-40737572

ZULKARNAIN
2 MUHAMMAD AQIL ASHRAF BIN AMIR 2018400678 012-6178314
HAMZAH
3 SHAFIQAH BT MUHAMMAD 2018400668 011-40237464
SHAMSUDDIN
4 SITI KHAIRULNISYA BINTI AB 2018292314 011-19405598
RASHED
5 NIK NUR BALQIS NIK DAUD 2018225032 013-9609185

Class Group: EM2207E4 Lab Report No: 5

Guidelines:
Level Poor Fair Satisfactory Good Excellent
Scale 0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

Assessment Criteria Weight, W Scale, Y Score = W x Y

Introduction, Content 5

Figures, Tables, Charts 2

Discussion, Conclusion 2

Format, Reference 1

Total 10

HELMI BIN RASHID

Name of Lecturer:

Assessed by:

Signature:
27th DECEMBER 2020
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

i
TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
TABLE OF CONTENT ii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF GRAPHS v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1-6
1.1 NAME OR MODEL THE EQUIPMENT
1.2 PHOTOS OR IMAGES COMPLETE EQUIPMENT
SET WITH LABELLING
1.3 FUNCTION AND PURPOSE OF THE EQUIPMENT
1.4 EQUIPMENT PRICE AND SPECIFICATION IN
MARKET
CHAPTER II PROPER STEP TO USE THE EQUIPMENT 7-8
CHAPTER III INFORMATION OF DATA COLLECTION VENUE 9-10
CHAPTER IV RESULTS OF DATA BEING COLLECTED 11-12
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 13-18
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION 19-23
REFERENCE 24

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

Figure 1.1 The Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge 1

Figure 1.2 The Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge with labelling 2
Figure 2.1 Pinch gauge 7
Figure 2.2 Proper step to use pinch gauge 8
Figure 3.1 The venue where the data was collected 10

Figure 3.2 The closes view of the location 10

Figure 4.2 Three-point pinch with 110 gloves and with
leather, Nitrile, and vinyl gloves. 12

iii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

Table 1 The name, description and price of various pinch gauge 4-6
Table 4.2 Scheffe F-tests for Grip Strength and Three-point Pinch 11
Table 4.3 Three-point Pinch Differences Between Each Glove
Type and No Glove 12

iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

v
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION OF THE EQUIPMENT

1.1 NAME OR MODEL OF THE EQUIPMENT

The model of test grip strength used in this experiment was a Jamar Hydraulic
Pinch Gauge. The Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge allows the subject to perform a
true pinch strength test with the assistance of the therapist. This gauge provides the
subject to perform a true pinch pattern because the therapist supports the weight of
the gauge. This product includes a red indicator needle that gives an accurate
reading of the test and measure pinch force up to 45 lbs. Gauge is devoid of
artefact.

Figure 1.1: The Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge

1
1.2 PHOTOS OR IMAGES COMPLETE EQUIPMENT SET WITH
LABELLING

This is the Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge that was used during the experiment with
complete label.

A
C

Figure 1.2: The Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge with labelling

A: Reset Knob
B: Zero Adjustment Pin
C: Indicator Needle
D: Maximum Output Indicator
E: Thumb Index Pulp Pinch

2
1.3 FUNCTION/PURPOSE OF THE EQUIPMENT
A pinch gauge is a hand-held medical instrument that was used to test the strength
or pressure of the hand of a patient. This instrument usually use for initially assess
the hand dysfunction or trauma of a patient, as well as to determine how patient
responds to ongoing therapy and care. This pinch gauge test digital strength in the
form of three different types of pinches. It primarily serves as a diagnostic and
assessment tool. The first pinch was the lateral/key pinch can be used for ulnar
nerve injury screening (weakness of the adductor policies or first dorsal
interosseous). Next pinch is the tip pinch that can be used to screen for anterior
interosseous nerve weakness. The last pinch is the 3-point or 3-jaw chuck pinch
that can be used to screen for median nerve injuries or carpal metacarpal
degenerative joint disease. The test using pinch gauge can be done by the patient
uses her fingertips to put the pressure on the pinch gauge. Depending on which
pinch style was being tested, this can be accomplished in a few different ways. The
3-jaw chuck pinch is where the thumb pinches against the index and long finger in
opposition. The lateral/key pinch where the thumb pinches as if holding a key
against the radial side of the index finger. The final test is a tip pinch where the
thumb pinches the index fingers opposite pad. Then, for a few seconds the patient
exerts as much pressure as they can. For each kind of pinch, the therapist takes an
average of three trials, alternating from one side to the other. Shoulder adduction,
elbow at 90 degrees and forearm in neutral should be performed during the test
position. [1]

3
 1.4 PINCH GAUGE EQUIPMENT PRICE IN RINGGIT MALAYSIA (RM)
Table 1: The name, description and price of various pinch gauge

NO. NAME OF PINCH GAUGE DESCRIPTION PRICE

(RM)
1. Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge  Measures pinch force to 45 lbs. RM 1104.25
[2]  Latex free
 This gauge allows a true pinch
pattern to be done by the client
while the therapist supports the
gauge's weight.
 Includes a red indicator needle
that gives an accurate reading of
the test.
 Weight: 0.500000
 One year warranty
 Includes instruction and carrying
case

4
2. Baseline Hydraulic 50  Dual scale shows both pound and RM1431.12
kilograms to 50lbs.
lb. Pinch Gauge [2]
 Measures tip, key and palmer
pinch scores with repeatable
accuracy.
 Weight: 0.10000
 Comes with a carrying case for
portability and storage.
 Two year warranty

3. Baseline ER Digital  The dynamometer registers up to RM 3846.71

300 lbs. (135kg) of force and the
Hydraulic Hand
pinch gauge registers up to 100
Dynamometer and lbs.
Pinch Gauge [2]  It features an easy-to-read LCD
monitor that helps the clinician to
read grip or pinch strength
accurately.
 Automatic shut off
 Weight: 0.20000
 Latex free
 Comes in a heavy-duty carrying
case with a shock-absorbing
foam interior.

5
4. Jamar Digital Pinch  Easy-to-read LCD display and RM 1025.07
features an electronic zero
Gauge [2]
calibration system.
 A button to zero at the last
reading stored in memory and
two toggle buttons used to
reliably store up to 99 readings
are included in the push button
console.
 Handy wrist strap included
 Weight: 0.400000

6
 CHAPTER II

PROPER STEPS TO USE THE EQUIPMENT (WITH PICTURES)

Figure 2.1: Pinch gauge

Using the mechanical pinch gauges is easy. Simply follow these instructions:
Step 1: Set up the gauge before operating
 Hold the unit in one hand at the bottom of the frame
 Turn the outside dial to set zero in line with black indicator
 Turn the top dial (the red indicator) until it is one measure in front of the black
indicator
Step 2: Operate the mechanical pinch gauge
 Allow your patient to pinch down on the pinch gauge
 If the black indicator goes all the way around the dial past the max readings,
use the next gauge size

7
Figure 2.2: Proper step to use pinch gauge

8
 CHAPTER III

INFORMATION OF DATA COLLECTION VENUE

The measurements of pinch gauge experimental were conduct at University of

Wisconsin-La Crosse. This venue was located at the Midwest of United States La
Crosse, Wisconsin. Grip and three-point pinch testing were performed on all subjects
without gloves and while they wore, separately, leather work gloves, nitrile
examination gloves, and vinyl examination gloves. The participants in this study were
healthy male and female adult volunteers between the ages of 18 and 61. Subjects were
recruited from the employees of the Winona Community Memorial Hospital and from
the community of the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. Of the 41 subjects, 28 were
from the Winona Community Memorial Hospital in Winona, Minnesota, and 13 were
from La Crosse, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. To measure grip
strength, a Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer (no. 5030Jl) was used whereas the
three-point pinch strength used a Jamar hydraulic pinch gauge (no. 7498-05) . To
reduce the effects of muscle fatigue, grip testing and three-point pinch testing were
completed 24 hours to 2 weeks apart. The order of grip testing and three-point pinch
testing with and without gloves was randomly assigned. The primary author (K.M.R.),
a Retrained to instruct patients in the performance of grip tests and three-point pinch
tests, administered all the examinations. Standardized testing positions were used.
Figure below show the location or venue of the data were collected.

9
Figure 3.1: The venue where the data was collected

Figure 3.2: The closes view of the location

10
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS OF DATA BEING COLLECTED

Table 4.2. Scheffe F-tests for Grip Strength and Three-point Pinch [5]

Data for the three-point pinch are shown graphically in Figure 4.2. Clinically, the
percentage change in three-point pinch for each glove compared with no glove may be
important. The differences are shown in Table 4.3. A one-way ANOVA with repeated
measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences between
three-point pinch with no glove
and with leather, nitrile, and vinyl gloves. This procedure indicated that there were
significant differences (p < 0.05) between glove conditions. Scheffe post hoc analyses
were used to determine which pairs of means were significantly different. These
comparisons are shown in Table 4.2 Post hoc comparisons indicated that there were
statistically significant differences for no glove vs. leather glove, leather glove vs.
nitrile glove, and leather glove vs. vinyl glove. There were no statistically significant
differences for no glove vs. nitrile glove, no glove vs. vinyl glove, and nitrile glove vs.
vinyl glove.

11
Figure 4.2. Three-point pinch with 110 gloves and with leather, Nitrile, and vinyl
gloves.[5]

Table 4.3: Three-point Pinch Differences Between Each Glove Type and No Glove
[5].

12
 CHAPTER V

DISCUSSION

NAME : MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN ZULKARNAIN

ID NUMBER : 2018292558

13
NAME : MUHAMMAD AQIL ASHRAF BIN AMIR HAMZAH
ID NUMBER : 2018400678

Based on the experiment conducted, the result showed that the difference
between the amount of the force of the subject’s finger using the three-point pinch
device. The result showed that using no glove have the highest amount of force
compare to the leather glove, nitrile glove and vinyl glove. Between the nitrile glove,
vinyl glove and no glove, there were no insignificant difference. On the other hand,
the leather glove had the lowest amount of force. This shows that the leather glove
has the lowest amount of pinching force. It can make some work very ineffectively.

Other than that, the type of glove, frictional properties and the thickness can
play a significant role in the ability of gripping and performing the three-point pinch
device. Thus, the glove quality must be considered during the performance of the
task in the work place. The glove’s brand can also have an effect to the performance
because of the thickness and the material quality. Although the type of glove is very
important, the posture and position of the hand can also determine the result.

The ability of the subjects or workers decrease during wearing glove compare
to no glove, this difference can have cumulative effects with prolonged use. This can
affect the workers effectiveness and can make them harder to work. All of the
subjects in the experiment were healthy. If the subject has a history of neurologic or
muscular disorders, then they may have responded differently throughout the
experiment.

14
NAME : SHAFIQAH BT MUHAMMAD SHAMSUDDIN
ID NUMBER : 2018400668

Based on the effects of gloves on grip strength and three-point pinch

experiment , there are including forty one adult male and female volunteers that
completed all testing season. Of the forty one volunteers who is between 18 to 61
years old, there are twenty eight were from Winona Community Memorial
Hospital in Winona, Minnesota, and 13 of them were from the University of
Wisconsin-La Crosse in La Crosse, Wisconsin. There were thirty-four subjects
using right-hand, and seven were left-hand dominant. The grip strength tests
revealed statistically significant differences between these gloves types which is
no glove, leather glove, nitrile glove, vinyl glove and showed no significant
difference.

From the Figure 4.1, the data for the grip strength tests are shown. Clinically,
the percentage change in grasp quality for each glove compared with no glove may
be vital. A one-way ANOVA with rehashed measures was used to decide whether
there were noteworthy contrasts between grasp quality in numerous glove
conditions-with no glove and with calfskin, nitrile, and vinyl gloves. This strategy
demonstrated that there were critical contrasts (p <0.05) between glove conditions.

The three-point squeeze tests uncovered statistically significant contrasts

between these glove types which is no glove vs. calfskin glove, calfskin glove vs.
nitrile glove, and calfskin glove vs. vinyl glove. Evidence bolsters contrasts in
grasp quality and three-point squeeze execution with no glove, with leather gloves,
with nitrile gloves, and with vinyl gloves. As we assess workers who utilize gloves,
these glove qualities got to be considered.

15
NAME : SITI KHAIRULNISYA BT AB RASHED
ID NUMBER : 2018292314

In this experiment of theoretical lab that involving a pinch gauge equipment

has been conducted to study the function of the complete system of the pinch gauge.
This pinch gauge has been used in the study that involve with the healthy adult male
and female volunteers between 18 to 61 years old that were joined from the Winona
Community Memorial Hospital staff and from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
community. In order to avoid the conditions that can affect their ability to perform the
grasp or three point pinch, this subjects that has been recruited did not have any history
of neurologic or muscular disorders-such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, stroke
and head injury. [3] This study of the three-pinch testing using pinch gauge were
completed 24 hours to 2 weeks apart to reduce the effects of muscle fatigue. The testing
position were standardized by all the subjects were seated in an armless chair in upright
position with feet supported on the floor. This testing using pinch gauge is important
for the measuring a patient’s hand strength to initially evaluate a patient’s hand
dysfunction or trauma, and to determine how a patient is responding to ongoing
therapy and treatment.

This three pinch testing were performed on all subjects with different
conditions which is no glove, leather glove, nitrile glove and vinyl glove condition to
determine their effects on grip strength and three point pinch. Based on the figure 4.2
in the result, it shows that the no glove vs nitrile glove and no glove vs vinyl glove did
not have statistically significant different for the three point pinch. However the no
glove vs leather glove have statistically significant different for the three point pinch
due to the thick material of the leather that can affect the testing. Overall, without hand
glove will produce a good three point pinch testing since it is direct without any lining
contact to the pinch gauge.

16
 Furthermore, the properties of the hand gloves may affect the subjects’ ability
to perform the three-point pinch testing. The type of glove, resistance of the material,
frictional properties, type of materials use and the thickness of the glove may the
properties that can affect the testing process. Posture and positions of the arms and
hands also can affect the three-point pinch testing when using the different types of
gloves. The ability in performing the three-point pinch testing decrease when using
gloves compared to no glove. This shows that the use of glove sometimes can affect
and become the risk in certain condition and situation even though it is necessary in
the work.

17
NAME : NIK NUR BALQIS NIK DAUD
STUDENT ID : 2018225032

The study revealed statistically significant differences between some

glove types for the grip strength tests. The subjects in this study were healthy adult
male and female volunteers between 18 and 61 years of age. Subjects were recruited
from the Winona Community Memorial Hospital staff and from the University of
Wisconsin-La Crosse community. The means and ranges of the grip test results
without gloves are consistent with the normative data for adults. The grip strength tests
revealed statistically significant differences between these gloves types which is no
glove, leather glove. nitrile glove, vinyl glove and showed no statistically significant
difference. Grip strength without the glove give the highest result but it is not
comfortable so to wear the glove it is recommend using the nitrile gloves because it
has the highest outcome in term of grip strength which is the highest among the glove
used.

Statistically important variations between all these styles of gloves were

exposed by the three-point pinch tests. The means and ranges of the findings of the
three-point pinch test without gloves are consistent with the adult normative
knowledge. In this three-point pinch tests also we can see that no glove gives the
highest result in term of three-point pinch but for the glove user, it is recommend to
use the vinyl glove which is come the second highest after the no glove type.

For all styles of gloves, evidence promotes differences in grip strength and
three-point pinch results. The type of glove, the material's resistance, its frictional
properties, and the gloves' thickness will affect the ability of the subjects to grip and
perform three-point pinch.

18
 CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSION

NAME : MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN ZULKARNAIN

ID NUMBER : 2018292558

19
NAME : MUHAMMAD AQIL ASHRAF BIN AMIR HAMZAH
ID NUMBER : 2018400678

As a conclusion, the use of glove is very important to the workers if they are
dealing with machinery and tools because it can ensure the safety of the hand as well
as following the regulation and rules of the work place. Hence, educating the gloved
workers about body mechanics and posture can help them reduce the amount of force
they apply on their forearm and hand. Apart from that, the research about glove can
help the industries to choose the right type of glove that must be provided to their
workers for optimal performance for the specific task. Lastly, the workers that wear
glove during conducting their task need to take some rest break and stretching
exercise.

20
NAME : SHAFIQAH BT MUHAMMAD SHAMSUDDIN
ID NUMBER : 2018400668

As the conclusion this experiment consider was completed on solid subjects.

Subjects with a history of neurologic or strong disarranges may react in an
unexpected way to grasp quality tests and three-point squeeze tests with calfskin,
nitrile, and vinyl gloves. There may moreover be a total impact of repetition and
drive with drawn out grasping and pinching for individuals who utilize these gloves
in the workplace. Diverse brands of gloves may have impacts on hold quality and
three-point squeeze, since they shift in thickness, resistance, grinding, and fabric
quality. Pose and the position of the arms and hands may too influence hold quality
and three-point pinch performed with these gloves. The work environment-
including the sizes and sorts of tools used, the work tallness level, and temperature
could affect a worker's capacity to hold and perform three point squeezes with
gloves. Therefore, the types of the glove play a role in giving out the best strength
grip and three point pinches.

21
NAME : SITI KHAIRULNISYA BT AB RASHED
ID NUMBER : 2018292314

As the conclusion, the objective of this experiment has been achieved

since the function of the pinch gauge has been clearly understand based on the study
that involve with the healthy adult male and female volunteers between 18 to 61 years
old that were joined from the Winona Community Memorial Hospital staff and from
the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse community. The use of pinch gauge has been
used in three-point pinch testing using different conditions involving with using the
different types of gloves and no gloves. It shows that the three point pinch performed
well with no glove compared when suing nitrile, vinyl and leather glove. The
properties of gloves such as material and thickens may be the factor that decrease in
performing the three point pinch. The use of gloves is necessary for certain condition
but sometimes it is no necessary in certain situation because it can become the risk for
the Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD)’s patient.

22
NAME : NIK NUR BALQIS NIK DAUD
STUDENT ID : 2018225032

As a conclusion, the experiment objective has succeeded which is pinch

gauge can observe and collect the data of person strength and endurance. The pinch
gauge feature was clearly understood on the basis of the grip strength determination
analysis for type of glove used by volunteer from Winona Community Memorial
Hospital staff and from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse community the
experimental of the handgrip using Jamar hydraulic pinch gauge has been succeeded
to predict relationship between the type of glove used, result of Grip Strength and
result of Three-point Pinch. The factor that contributed to grip strength and three point
pinch are the glove type used which is no glove, leather glove. nitrile glove, vinyl
glove. We can make a conclusion where the type of glove plays a role in giving out
the optimize grip strength and three-point pinch. The no glove type gives out the best
result in grip strength and three-point pinch.

23
 REFERENCES

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https://www.nicklauschildrens.org/treatments/pinch-meter. [Accessed 25 December
2020].

[2] "pinch gauge," Performance Health, 2020. [Online]. Available:

https://www.performancehealth.com/baseline-hydraulic-50-lb-pinch-gauge. [Accessed
25 December 2020].

[3] O. R. P. M. P. ,. C. F. P. Kim M. Rock, "The Effects of Gloves on Grip Strength and Three-
point Pinch," JOURNALOF HANDTHERAPY, Vols. 14:286-290, p. 5, 2001.

[4] S. S. N. V.S. Chithra, "Indoor Air Quality investigation in a naturally ventilated school
building located closed to an urban roadway in Chennai, India," Building and
Environment, p. 9, 2012.

[5] K. M. Rock, R. P. Mikat, and C. Foster, “The effects of gloves on grip strength
and three-point pinch,” J. Hand Ther., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 286–290, 2001, doi:
10.1016/S0894-1130(01)80007-7.

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