Unit 5 Pharmacology 1 by Chandu
Unit 5 Pharmacology 1 by Chandu
l
el
el
Page 1 of 41
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C
C
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
OWnd
lP
lP
lP
el
el
Phara
Pharma
ew
ew
not
ar
ar
C
tor C
(AHAel
TUst
Tust
TUS
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
Is holb
lP
lP
lP
el
el
ew
ew
ar
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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C
C
sychophomacological
dQets
a
rm
rm
Conditins Telateddo beloviaur of a peson.
ha
ha
ha
euar are 3ub-clasihed
lP
lP as
lP
el
el
h Adipsgehotics
ew
ew
i) Antidepre1sa1ts
ar
ar
y Artiansiety gerts
C
C
i Aatimaniacs
w hallucinoqens
Artipsuhotic
a
(Nearolephts
rm
rm
-Antipsychotics
ha
ha
ha
arethe dugs Vovimg bove
lP
lP
lP
cial effect n Psychases
el
el
lassification
ew
ew
L)henoth azines
ar
ar
C
tviklupromazie
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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razine 3ide cha'n tidluopesazine
Ppe
C
phenonive
yButyiophenove s haloperidol.i
tiflupeiao
a
a
pernfuridol
rm
rm
A
ha
ha
ha
thioxontheneslupethiuol
lP
lP
lP
primozide lonasime
1y 0ther letero cyeis
el
el
ew
ew
Atypcal avtipouc ho-tics
ar
ar
clozapime aripimzole
C
C
Rispericane" bzipasidone
OAMisU|
S
Olatzapine ),
Quctiapme zotepine
a
oc
rm
rm
lochaism tiorl
ha
ha
ha
AU tupical antipsychoticgwng CtaS, vTaooni-
lP
lP
lP
Sts atO O)D3/y dopamine
op0mine ceptos
el
el
ew
ew
ar
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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Atypiralontpsuchokics hove
C
they hove antogonistie o
3-LA
S-HEA Tecegtois
but
dopamine Da secept
O Ach Mi, kistomire ty f
- A1
a
a
antipsychotic dugs erhbit a latent period
rm
rm
of weks tor attoing enapeutie e fects
ha
ha
ha
2-3
lP
lP
lP
Uses
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el
Antipsyahetiks are used
ew
ew
primatilyin functional
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Pychoses 5C hi2ophsenia
C
C
- Antipsyckoto ave Sequi red in hah dases ; ytor
1ayd cotol of acutt monia
ggLithiwnm O) Valpioate
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
dementid and deirium aasociateduoith
lP
lP
lP
pychotici tiatures.
el
el
ew
ar
potent an tiemetic5
C
dve s eftects
-CN
-Drowsness, lethorqy mental Contusion, toleraacul
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
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mcreased apetita eiqht gain clc
C
-pas fuwal hypotensio, pal pitatio, mhibition of
a
cjaculotio axe
rm
rm
Andichoie rqic
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
dry
mou
h, blurrinq of
of vision, onsliprtio,
el
el
hesitancy eldesly males
ew
ew
inary
ar
ar
tndocrive
C
C
-ypermolac tine mial is Commo1 with ypical
- Amenorrhoea,
'
a
rm
rm
.i
inhequently atter polonqed treome nt
occur
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
Mioxc lanesus
el
el
'
ew
gein
ar
ar
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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el
el
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Anti-bepteavts
C
Arttidepeas3anls wkich Can elevale
- ATe TUqs
a
lassiticalion
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
Keversible inhibito13 of MAO-A (RIMA)
lP
lP
lP
**
Moclobemide, cloqyline
el
el
ew
ew
Sricyelke antidepre33ants (TCA:)
ar
ar
NA +5-HT Teuptake inhibitors
C
C
i
iniphamine, amtiptuline
di)
rm
rm
ha
ha
A
lP
lP
el
el
ew
'
ar
C
(NRI)
venlafozine, duloe line
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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PAlypical antidepessans
C
trazodone, Mianseiin, mirta za pine, bupropio tianett
Meckonism
ammep tine
. atomoxetine
tien-
a
a
rm
rm
19 rgsohich block NE ad Teugtake,
ha
ha
ha
antideprassants
lP
lP
lP
are ricuclie
hese
el
el
of ald S-HT in to
euptake NE
-hk blork
ew
ew
y inhilitnm Tspective transotess.
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ar
MeUTd1
C
C
9SNRT
Besides he s cifects shun by tricyc lic
eceptor blockina of
rm
rm
ha
ha
TCAs
lP
lP
lP
euptake
9 uugslocking NE
el
el
TCuptake
-hese predominarttly inhibit NE
ew
ew
druqs
Ccnccntration of NE
n
ar
ar
Tesults increased
C
sunaptcclett
SRIs of Se10tbnin M
S5RIs selectively inciease leves
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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M 3ynagtic cleft
C
has macokinetics
Oral absorption of most antide pressart is ge
he
a
a
bioavoilabihi is uncertain because of
rm
rm
hey ist pass me tabshsm
ha
ha
ha
Ylosma
lP
lP
lP
half. ife 'ot Mostantidepaes3anis.Is
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el
Xona
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ew
- Moclobemide si eadily ahsoibtd but ds tist
ar
ar
C
C
pos5 me ta bolim educes bioovoila bi
Usc
he aim of antidepres3onts is oelieve
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
Social behavouT
lP
lP
lP
'
g ticyete antidep1essants
el
el
ew
ew
ar
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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- TcA3.Cspecially clomiptamine are highly cffechve
C
OCO panic disovdes
i
Anuticty disoude.s
aelaued
delayed
Cet
a
a
-Antidepressants, especially JSRTs a
rm
rm
butsustained beneicial effect in Many porkients
ha
ha
ha
anxic. diotder
lP
lP
lP
ot qerealised
el
el
havc also proven helptul in phobic
35RTs
ew
ew
Suiained treatment of altocks
dstdes panic
ar
ar
post-Toumatic Strcss disotdeis
C
C
in
Neuropathic pain
diabete Some
sehiet
rm
rm
pam
ha
ha
ha
Chronic
lP
lP
lP
el
el
ew
ar
is Jtopped
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
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Nausco, dj2zine55, headoche,
andiety, iNSonia,
C
dizziness,
weight qain,
agents :
nti-anxiety
a
a
- Anticty, its an motiona tatej unpleason
rm
rm
distanti
ha
ha
ha
ctusc assdciated wthsi uncasimes5
lP
lP
lP
some dëfinedi (
FConcein 61tear about
el
el
Landefire d; Autúve threat.
ew
ew
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ar
Adone Pychotics depressed patients also
C
C
Ci hibit putholeqical anzicy
a
rm
rm
aime d
Covttrol the mptbm of
ha
ha
ha
Testul state w
anziety, pTo duce of
lP
lP
lP
Dithout deslcimg oith noimal mental, o)
el
el
PySig functons.
ew
ew
ar
ar
l033ihicadon
,
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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A 2apitones Buspirone, 9pionepap ione
)
C
edatve antihistominic hydoyzine
.Propronolol
19.P bloker
.
a
a
nti-maniac 5
rm
rm
cotdtion tho
Mania
isthe etemely
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
clevatedand cxritable mad ually asDciote
el
el
wth bipolor diolder.
ew
ew
ar
ar
ac(sNC desive
-Wlaniais characterised. by an
C
C
Hoo omuch ot euphoricd.
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
have no OVeit CNS effects
lP
lP
lP
-tkunis estabished as the standayd
inic
el
el
ew
ew
ar
oanzape
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
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Mecharism of acion
C
-/Mechonim ofacionof thium is related h
Serond messenqe invalved M d-a dre nerqi ond
a
a
muscoric neuiotransmis to
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
-Snosiloltiphos phoie (I,) is inothvoied to
lP
lP
lP
inesiioldiphosphote (T) ,
inosidol Mbrophasphate (ta
el
el
and hen inasitol.
ew
ew
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ar
Akium seleclivel iahibits signol tansductin in
C
C
oVCiattive nCUrs3 blot kinq ve(siDn of
to 17 and he to imositol
- As a reu Ahe
Supof hee imositol o
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
hypeiactive MCUrons5 s iwtenupted and uldmately
lP
lP
lP
Yelease of TPs and diaty glyceul
el
el
(DAa), is
ew
ew
ar
to NE, DA S-HT
C
om -proteins.
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
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-Aodum Tov1S (DMmoM to neuotronsnii5ion
C
Df ihutm with 3etm
anpeitoM
a
(ithiua
rm
rm
hamacokine -icg
ha
ha
ha
eadily abseshed frw
5
lP
lP
lP
Ca1bonate
ithum
el
el
nIT
ew
ew
bitibutio OCCUrs
thraughourdCrtracelhular tluid E
-
ar
ar
water no CVidenceof either pro tein
C
C
bod
kidney saliva
pug thtwoh
a
a
rm
rm
Sucat
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
-Litkum s Pimany Used tor mank depreive
el
el
bagolar
ew
ew
psychoges
cluster heoeache
ar
ar
Adveise cfects
-Semors, (otfuson, f Slused peech, ia11hoea
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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ocdena,polyuia ydipo1a
C
allucivoge
Jhese a1e dugs which alter, mocd behovioU,
a
a
rm
rm
hought peiceptian in manner simlar
Ond
ha
ha
ha
hat Seen
in psuchosis
lP
lP
lP
hallucinogens ore temed as ycho togen,
el
el
also
ew
ew
Pschotomimehes, psychedelics. Pychodlyslepics
ar
ar
'
he
C
C
dsug under, hisCateqon are
'
Jndole amines
a
rm
rm
effects
his drug9 TD duces 3tron payche delic
ha
ha
ha
in doses ess Ahan
lP
lP
lP
:4toks as agenist. of HT yeceptors F
el
el
ew
ew
electrical activrty
Supess
ar
ar
/Vlescalne
C
+hasa potency
EMa marke,d
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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cuchdune
Phen
C
mild hallu cinatory effects 1ke disorietta-
has ha3
of sense me
o dstorled bodySoss of hme
fIpament,of Pioces5
a
a
rm
rm
Cannabnbids
ha
ha
ha
psinciple ot, theexhart
-9t activNe
lP
lP
lP
the
plant
el
el
ofhem
ew
ew
JAisvey ptent
iit.
ar
ar
seheve anxiet miqaine
C
C
1
hamacokine tics:-
rm
ha
ha
hours
othin -i
lP
lP
noTmal
lP
ts me tabolites
el
el
and
Beng highly ipoilic, THe
ew
ew
ar
C
havmocological dc hons
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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-Duing stwulototy phose here is
is Cuphosia,
C
talkativenes inerease i appehe
MCIeased
f
Acelng ingq
o1Cotdencedaxalion elbein
- here is impaly ment of shor?
a
a
egm me morq,
rm
rm
Cncentrafn is mpaired, sleepiness pevails
ha
ha
ha
-he
lP
lP
lP
peipheral effecs inc lude tachcoTdia
el
el
Vasodila an uoith Teddering of Conjwncti va
ew
ew
Tcduc tion lntraocular Presure breachodilotr
ar
ar
'
C
C
-1 has inhbiryy effecls on immune unc tion
Mecharism
0f.action (liical LUse
a
rm
rm
and
CB B
ha
ha
ha
- 8o1h aye opro tein Coupled
eceptor3 Tinked
lP
lP
lP
toivnhibrtian of adenlote cuclise
el
el
Rimonabant js
obesi6
ew
ew
used .for
ar
ar
ovlaqonist fo Tecepter
C
Adveise citects
intobilt4 deuease in appetite in5omnia
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
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Yole vance, bronchitis, eti
C
Yarkin Sois
Drugs sed in disease ld
Alzheimeis iscase
a
a
rm
rm
Drugs toparkinjors dicase
ha
ha
ha
slooly poTe ssive
lP
lP
lP
-Jaikinsois discase is a
el
el
Meuro-degenenative disease characterised by
ew
ew
ar
ar
ollaain Sumptoms
C
C
vigady
di) kinesias
diiy.instablepasture
a
ivy akathesia
rm
rm
ha
ha
a
i
lP
lP
lP
dopam inergic .neurns
el
el
ew
ar
Are
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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chybrugs
CN)Drugs rastore DA-Ac
hich bnlance
C
Duge which MCTC dopanine vel
)Levodo with cabidopa
a
a
is the pTeCLi0Y o OA (Atpoeini,
rm
rm
Levodopa
not BEB
DA itse f
ha
ha
ha
do CYOJS
lP
lP
lP
-Levodopd can C1035 8BB ond
13 decorbe
el
el
ted DA In brain
ew
ew
- 4f administere alone, only about
ar
ar
C
C
Levodopo odually Cnters he brain, remonainq
rm
brown
preventi
ha
ha
ha
pearipheral deqmdation, levodopa
lP
lP
lP
sually Co adinis tased th either casbih
el
el
ew
inhbror
ar
ar
inhibrloss-
2 oMT
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Mence inibitin pciphe rel CoMT wil Ye svlt
C
in incYease n plosm hof-life o1 Levodop0
a
rm
rm
evodopd bu? olso IncIeasS it icnainlbiiy
ha
ha
ha
brain
lP
lP
lP
Amanta cine
el
el
ew
ew
-t peverts DA uptoke tacihtales pesynopic D*
ar
ar
TClease
C
C
) Drugs ohich prevent doamin eqra datia
an
rm
rm
metabolin o DA
ha
ha
ha
-31 makes moye DA available stmulaton
lP
lP
lP
ofiis Iecpto3
el
el
ew
ew
ar
Dopomine apnists:
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Bromocarpine ia polent eceptor aqonist
C
cabevqolme has
has a.onger duraton ot action
a
-
he diug under his
rm
rm
Cateqoty Ae Certrally
ha
ha
ha
actinq autimuscayinic drugs
lP
lP
lP
-
n the absence of inhibrlot Contro ct DA
el
el
he actviy ef cholinargic 31sten beumes
ew
ew
ar
ar
doimrt
C
C
Blockadc o Central muscoriic receptory
these drugs Teduces Cholmeqie attivd
g dhenyhenal pio cye h dire,. Cphemdvine fbemotopr
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
Aleheimers sese a
lP
lP
lP
pore'ssive diseae
el
el
ew
unc tons
ar
ar
is
-Aumptoms of AD ae Proqiessive of
memoiy
dlsoTdesed Cogni five 1Lntons, aith
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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013 of shott fcn memoiy4 thot uually Pre cocds
C
055 of -tem memon
las of choineiqic
-Jhe acdivit in biam Cy
a
a
patienes withAp 1ead to he USG
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
cholinesterase inh bifinq dTu which Can co5
lP
lP
lP
88
el
el
Jhese druqs block deqradaton of Ach and
ew
ew
clefi
ar
ar
MCTCase availob ley of Ach ympie
C
C
hc drugs use to treat Ao are facrine,
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
Donepcil, Tivastigmine galowrtamine kave bettes
lP
lP
lP
enetradon . CNS
el
el
ew
ew
NS Stimulants e Nootaopics
ar
ar
C
stimulants
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Ondhysical prorec S.
C
hese ayc Sub-classifie 05
AmphetamjnesNon-amphetamines
a
rm
rm
ine methamphe tarine methylphenicdate 1entluwm
ha
ha
ha
Notomphctomine goup Vlodafinil, atomosetine
lP
lP
lP
el
el
5ibutramine
pemoliwe
ew
ew
Metkiaadhines
ar
ar
namaco loqjcal
C
C
effects of Ompnetamine Nm-anph
tamincs aTe almost Jame
eophline et
rm
rm
lechanizm ofaction
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
- Jhese diugs enter the neve Crding active
el
el
ew
ar
-3hay
C
iM MCIVC cndin
'
to inhibirton of the
bue enyme, cmcentraton
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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DA
of intcrncTOnal incieases
C
eVC1seS The dhecton ot trouport mechanism
hart
DA
i a Telea sed iM to 3ynapie
ttas pos
sorlher on b4 usaal
a
a
TeVCí3E
by
rm
rm
etotosls
ha
ha
ha
Conçen tra fon in
, the
Jhis uther MCTCase3 DA
lP
lP
lP
cleft
el
el
ynoptic
ew
ew
Mechonom of action or methylyonthnes " 13
ar
ar
C
C
u) Methultan tkime s imhibit he enumc phosphodicsterase
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
he. Adenosive a Modulotor.
lP
lP
lP
- actions actionS arc inhibitory Seadng to
el
el
ew
ew
ar
CNS
depicsson anticonvulsant action bronchocansti
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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prevent ranscoiption ofinllammartor gene
C
4 inflommato action.
leads to
a
rm
rm
Omine like augs
ha
ha
ha
Sicreosed
lP
lP
lP
motor achvi '
el
el
tuhorla Citenent
ew
ew
ciiy Anorexia
ar
ar
ov Ysuchotic behaviouruoth administraton.
C
C
prolenqed
-Awnhetapines the
the
a
rm
work Cuphoria
ha
ha
ha
phoma co loqical actiosof melylsanlkines
lP
lP
are
lP
el
el
in CN ecds
ew
ew
- act as CNSStmulants.
.'
ar
ar
-
CNs shmula tion CausesS akequlness, alestness,
C
incvease d capacit do
'
sied
-Jhey p1o duce incesc in heaut Iate, periphenil
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Vasodilatton Cardiac output
Cardiac incieased,) corDnay
C
blooHlu.s
?
incTCased; , '
iy Kidngy
mild siuetits
a
a
rm
rm
due t inCTeased Hltro tionM
ac ion
ha
ha
ha
qlonerulus also due to Creaee
at
lP
lP
lP
YCSUTe
outrut
el
el
coidiac
ew
ew
hamaco kine tics
ar
ar
wellahsorbed oraly.
C
C
A hese diugs a1e
penetrat B8B
Teely
Unmetabolized diug CXCreted thraugh uine
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
huperkinete disordes (ADHO) wth
with
yAttention, defict
lP
lP
lP
. fi
dustuncton.
minimal brain
el
el
-J ' '
sd
ew
ew
ar
bchaviour
Ctivity inabihty to Concentrate impu impu lsive
C
hupeeketc chldren.
Qui ffecive in contolling
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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DNatolegsu
C
sleep attacks arti
4t ischanocterized3
a
CNen
rm
rm
ohich 15
loss of musele tone usually CVe
Teves
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
JMcthylfenicate, modafinial used to treat
el
el
CAYe
ew
ew
hartolep3y
ar
ar
melhyloionthne
C
C
Ore
nt of keadache.
a
rm
ot COPD
ha
ha
ha
fAmmopnyliwe s useful in Telievinq paroxy3mal
lP
lP
lP
el
el
ew
Advese eftects
ar
ar
C
-
toleronce, Pyc depepdence.Cuphoria, dizzines3
tremots, hupestension,
iitabiy. insomika.
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Nootropics
C
-Jhese yehothe rapeuttc agetts wpich
a
rm
rm
memoyy retention
ha
ha
ha
inc luding oto alcokol, ogolaine,
everal defessants
lP
lP
lP
Can impoly emor
allucinogens
el
el
ew
ew
Nootro picscap, bewcu cnhance Memory
ar
ar
Nootroics. Can oveTComMe co se tard cogaidvë
C
C
dee liwe o Curinq in old aie in Jome dieard
Conditions I
he canlpseventthei dinuptonof the pre
a
a
rm
rm
CoAsolidaton
ot MCMo1 oljafrquma, sejzures,
ha
ha
ha
tuctors
ypoglycemia othe aveisive
"
lP
lP
lP
may act mainly bimproving
el
el
-
Qome nootropiCS
ew
ew
ceye metabolism
CCTebral circulation hich
ar
ar
Some of kem
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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o) Pia(erom
C
hyergne
(niy vinçamine
v) meclofeaoxate.i
a
a
pyitiwol
(
rm
rm
gin kgo biloba esttott
ha
ha
ha
Mechonism
lP
lP
lP
otactioM
el
el
- Nootropics like ntpsifyline .
ew
ew
PTitinol,londat
ar
ar
Ncergoline unction
ke Cerebul piotectocs
C
C
inpoving Cicbral circulaton
a
rm
rm
Memor storoae
ha
ha
ha
Nootvopics ma nduce enynonmet oncurotrati-
lP
lP
lP
Condusveto
rirlcis.C earnin acquisito
el
el
'
Mnoy Tetenton
ew
ew
ar
ar
funcion
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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and Antagonistb
Qpioid AnalgesicS
C
-Analgesie ssa drug 1har selectivey ralieves
a
mechonisms, wihout significanty alterin coltiousn-
rm
rm
pam
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
pioid AnalgesicS
el
el
t',
dark
ew
ew
pum s bToun TESinoUs maltia
ar
ar
obtoimed hro OPP fapaver somnitesun) plant.
C
C
|- St contas two types of alkaloids
', t."
phenanthrene derivatrve
MO5 ph me
a
a
rm
rm
codene
ha
ha
ha
hebaine
lP
lP
lP
Benzoisoqumolne eivatiwes
el
el
Papaverne
ew
ew
Noscapine
ar
ar
lassiticatbn Opioids
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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pholcodeme, ethylmonphime
C
y Adynthehe opioids pelhdine ntonyl, methadne
.
tramadol destropropoxyphere' "
Codeme
a
a
-3
rm
rm
is me moiphheocuis natuially in opiu
ha
ha
ha
prily Converte in the bd t
lP
lP
lP
morphir.
el
el
-St is less potent
hon Morphine
ew
ew
-Codeine Mofe selecve Cough
ar
ar
3upres3ont
C
C
Codeihe has actvi the
-
d Osa oute
i;,
Phokodeine, ehybnorphire
.
rm
antitussive
Metoin
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
about 3 tmes mose potent hon
el
el
Morphine
ew
ew
- 3t is considered to be
'
ar
ar
more Cuphosient
':
C
Yethidine
- Pehisine isPimasily
r USed as onalgesic
an
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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OT dlarrhoed '
C
toatog
Congener, 0 -I00 times. mote
t is. A pethidine .
podent i
ho morphne both in arale5í0
a
a
rm
rm
espiratoy ytem
,
ha
ha
ha
Mehadon
lP
lP
lP
hemical dissimitay phanmacoloqically
bu
el
el
ew
ew
Similar to moYphine
ar
ar
t has analqesic Tespinatosy depressamt , emetic
C
C
ontitussive,' Costipating biliary
iiary actions
' siila
tomo phime
a
rm
rm
analgesic
ha
ha
-Moxphincs ha
lP
lP
lP
indicated espe6ioly in, toumatic
el
el
ew
etc
ar
ar
sa
C
iotneshetedicron
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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- Motphine pethidine01e USed ,
C
suqicaamesthes
in Balonce
d gnacsthesia
fertangl mor phine,peihidine, altenlonil, co)
Sulfentanilore animpovianr (omponett f
a
a
rm
rm
anaesthete techniques
ha
ha
ha
i Relef of oM1iety appie hension
lP
lP
lP
el
el
-specially in myocaidial inforcton inteina
ew
ew
bleding moiphine (OY)
pethidine hove been
ar
ar
C
C
USed
Yeltef b '
,
rm
rm
ha
ha
peniphesal Peq ot, blaod
lP
lP
lP
el
el
ew
he partiert
ar
ar
M)Cough ,
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Nii) diarhoea
C
Constipaitingactionof todeine has heehsed
inGiease1.{he Consis tacy ot 5toDl5i
o
Joperamide dipheroayloie are synthetic optld
a
a
rm
rm
usedextensively 0S anti- diarrho eals
ha
ha
ha
Opioidcegtors
lP
lP
lP
el
el
Jhete are tour ajor cateqotics otendoyeno-
ew
ew
opioid sCccptors have been iden he d,
ar
ar
C
C
hey ate
m
)
2) K (kapp)
.
a
(3elHa) .
9 6
rm
rm
(sgma) .
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
-Ofhe3t, "A; K eceptos mediate the
el
el
analyesis
main pharmacological "actions
of narcotic
ew
ew
ar
ar
C
tiit
neütotian snisson
8-eceptors nhibit excitatory
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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iM the bain periphey
C
Based Sn Teceptor actitydrugs octigi o
Opioid
1
veceptors ca be cateqonized as folla
a
a
)Agonisis
rm
rm
Jhey are sublashie based chemital
ha
ha
ha
-
OM
lP
lP
lP
marphine
Mo dikcatios in the Shucture of
el
el
) Morphine analoqs Heroin E (odein
ew
ew
MethadoMe deivrives dettropropyphene
ar
ar
C
C
3) dhe boie deivathves-corphime
1 phenyipendne deivatves pehidine, fenton, 3uferh
dipkorotylote
(
a
rm
ha
ha
Shey are also sub-closifed o
lP
lP
stuctune
lP
tions :in, the of mophime
el
el
ew
ar
C
ii) Antagoniss
Nalo one Naltrezome, Nalmefene'
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Pharmacokine tics
C
- Morphine isnadlily aborbrdifrom CnTT
is Poo
a
a
bloavailabilih
rm
rm
s me-labolised N-dedlkyla lion
Morphine b
ha
ha
ha
t
01ldaton
bilauoed qlucuronide (O1) Sulphate
lP
lP
lP
to
el
el
Canjuga
ew
ew
Metabol tes aTe CICreted M urine.
ar
ar
Vleckonism ofa ton
C
C
-Morhine acts thraugh oflevent receptors
in ram.
a
ncuTotronmittet in
rm
rm
ha
ha
ARACugi
lP
lP
lP
inhibitsnor-adrenerqic dopaminergic), )
F
el
el
actut
ew
ew
hamacoloqicalgins
ar
ar
C
fects O CNS
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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espiratoy depr sslon
Analgesia
C
auphoria ory Constric don
NauSea Vomrity
Sedaton
antitussive Neuto cndb cine effects
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
ha
gastic intestirnal, panCTeaticF biliam
bilia Secietns
lP
lP
lP
decieased motphMe
b
el
el
ew
ew
ieca CVS
r
ar
ar
- Mos hme Causes hpoteasion braducardia
C
C
Adverse ertects
rm
Constipaton.
i
ha
ha
piold Artaqonists
ha
lP
lP
lP
el
el
ew
t pigeridne
ar
ar
opold antagonists,
at
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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rece ptos
C
Naloone
a
oAtogonist. ot Ssecepto
rm
rm
has tust onse1 of action
-4
ha
ha
ha
wsed or trea ment of opioid
lP
lP
lP
primarily
- Jt is
el
el
oveT dose
ew
ew
.
Naltre me
ar
ar
eceptois
3tnq antugonis to U k
C
C
-t is a
antaqonist to 3eceptors
feak
34 has longer dura tion of acton
-
- 41
a
con. be
be used for treotren? fopiad
rm
rm
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
patlent .
el
el
Nalmetene
ew
ew
ar
'
also to treament
- to tea?oplod oVeicbe
of cholestatic pr usttis
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Drug Addicton
C
dkseaso
definedas a
byain and behaviouy an ca
peisons
. use
a
a
control he of
inobility
rm
rm
'
medicatiaM.
ha
ha
ha
du
'
lP
lP
lP
Drug addictiom has tollooi teatuyes
el
el
he datsimerlal affects
ew
ew
of drugs not, Cnl
ar
ar
haTm he idividualbut alsd te society
C
C
wel.
i)here
the g
cllgys
by any
a intase i
Means
.. cyaving to praue
a
ne
rm
rm
ha
ha
nee to ncrease doe
e
lP
lP
lP
SaMe salistying erpuriencei
el
el
ew
y9, olaiming9
effecets after e3atony,: of du
ar
ar
wthcrauwl
C
he're 5 a Pyicalee
hen Con tinu
with of the
USe tear
abstirence Mdrme
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Drug Abuse
C
he USe ot
4 idefmed as ChcessivVe
a
rm
rm
emotional
to phypical Sotal )
C ad
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
harM
hos fo1lo
ing eatures
el
el
ew
ew
taîlure fo
) Xecurett Substnce Use esults in
ar
ar
oblintionS at ork, 3chol
ul fil his her
C
C
major
i.
(OY)
nome
onfly problems
rm
rm
ha
ha
aout f'abise
lP
lP
ConsCquence
lP
el
el
.'
di) Kecurrent Substante USC ven i situation5
ew
ew
,4
mere shovild not be wed.
ar
ar
C
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Orug tolcrance
C
pets0ns Teac tion n
41 is deined 05
a
rm
rm
Solerance develops atler Egecrled admini strertirn
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
decreased
o druq it pro duces a
el
el
ezpecte d
ew
ew
ar
ar
owersely anger a1e reeded to
C
C
obtoin the Same efectsith PreVious
Drug degenderce
a
rm
ha
ha
'
of he
lP
lP
lP
drug necessitartng Continye
et
el
el
ew
which
5yadome is monifested as Ppaite t
ar
ar
1
C
dependene ae aS
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha
P
l
l
el
el
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Drugs havmg only mild pycholoqical depene
agab
C
nce
a
rm
rm
coftec€, tea.
pkysical dependence cotfe
ha
ha
ha
lP
lP
lP
o severe psychologic
i) brugs agends with Moderate
el
el
ew
ew
1 depen dence.
ar
ar
C
C
hashish Coccame elc
marijuana,
C
moderate to
iity Dmgs acent
havinq Severe pcholog
a
rm
ha
ha
Benz0aiozepnes, alcohol
lP
lP
lP
Cq
el
el
ew
ar
ar
P'yehological, de pendence
C
barbiturates alcohol
g opioid5,
a
a
rm
rm
ha
ha