CHAPTER -II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Review of Literature

2.3. Statement of the Problems

2.4. Objectives of the Study

2.5. Hypothesis

2.6. Significance of the Study

2.7. Database and Research

Methodology

2.7.1. Sources of Data

2.7.2. Sampling Method

2.7.3. Data Interpretation

2.7.4. Period of the Study

2.7.5. Area of Study

2.8. Limitation of the Study

2.9. Chapter Scheme

REFERENCES
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

2.1. INTRODUCTION:
This chapter highlights the review of literature and research
methodological aspects of the present research work. Review of literature is
based on the information, which was made available through book, articles,
magazines, Journals and other published sources. The chapter broadly
classified into two parts. In the first part attempts are made to review the
concern research literature and the research methodology in the second part. It
includes sampling techniques, data collection, use of quantitative techniques,
statement of the problem, objectives of the study, hypothesis of the study, and
significance of the study, period of the study, area of the study and limitations
of the study.
2.2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Review of literature is important part of the scientific research. It
enables the researcher to understand different aspect of the study or the
problems to be investigated. The selected literatures available on the subject
have been reviewed as below.
Galab S and Rao N. C.1 (2003) Studied about, ‘Women’s Self-Help
Groups, Poverty Alleviation and Empowerment’. The paper is based on the
review of some relevant studies. In this article strategy for poverty alleviation
and women empowerment has been discussed. Study found that government
of Andhra Pradesh has provided considerable space for women’s self-help
groups. This paper attempted to address some of the issues. These issues are
mainly what are the characteristics of the women-based group models of
poverty alleviation and women empowerment that are being implemented in
the state? How are the poor women organized in to groups? How do the
groups function? And what has been the contribution of these models to
poverty alleviation and women empowerment? In this paper detailed analysis
of the formation, functioning and impact of the models on poverty and women

23
empowerment is elaborated in detail. Author concluded that the participation
in SHGs has improved the access of women to credit.
Mahendra Varman P.2, (2005), studied about ‘Impact of Self-Help
Groups on Formal Banking Habits.’ The theme of the article was impact of
self-help groups on formal banking habits. The main objectives of the articles
were to examine the impact of micro-financing SHGs on individual bank
account holding status with respect to females. This articles based on
secondary data. Data was collected from two appropriately sampled villages of
Tamil Nadu. In these article researchers has revealed that microfmance SHGs
in India, which are classified under informal organizations, intentionally or
unintentionally help formal banks by increasing the number of accounts by
inculcating banking habits in rural women. In this paper makes modest attempt
to examine whether there is any association between the growth of SHGs and
the increase in female bank deposit accounts and whether SHGs have a
tendency to influence account holding in formal banks. In this paper tries to
trace the socio-economic factors that determine deposit and credit account
holdings (banking habits) in formal banks, among individuals and households.
In this paper analysis also reveals that being a member in SHGs and, more
importantly, having leadership experience in SHGs greatly influences the bank
account holding. In this articles researcher has inculcate banking habits at a
higher magnitude; thereby enhancing the advantage of banks in acquiring
large numbers of deposit accounts. Number of deposit accounts was
increasing. The paper concludes that the use in overall deposit accounts were
due to the increase in deposit account holding of females.
Kannabiran V.3 (2005) Studied about ‘’Marketing Self-Help,
Managing Poverty” Published by ‘Economic and Political Weekly’ Vol -XL,
No 34. The theme of the article is marketing self-help, managing poverty. In
this article analyzed has the increasing participation of women in microcredit
and formation of women’s self-help groups have done little more than
assuring short-term relief to ease immediate needs.
Kadam P.B.4 (2006) In her Ph.D. Thesis “Assessment of the
Contribution of Self-Help Groups to Women's Empowerment - A Study With
Reference to Satara District." She has analyzed the work and scope of SHG
movement in Satara District. She observed that the maximum SHGs in Satara

24
District. The number of SHG members varies between 11 to 15. The monthly
interest rate on internal loan of maximum SHGs in Satara District is 2 percent.
She suggest that a proper facilitation and awakening should be done among
women in BPL as well as APL groups in connection to original concept
objectives and role of SHG in women empowerment.
Sreeramulu G.5 (2006) In his Book ‘Empowerment of Women
through Self-Help Groups’ ‘Published by, Kalpaz Publications, New Delhi.
Writer has analyzed to the evolution of SHGs and its credit facilities and their
meaning, aims, objectives and implementation process. The author mainly
focused its attention an empowerment of women, topography, socio­
economics background of the rural women in District selected for study. It
covers the problems and perspectives of self-help groups and suggested
several measures.
Umashankar D.6 (2006) in her Dissertation, "Women’s
Empowerment: Effect of Participation in Self-Help Groups.” She has seeks to
explore the impact of participation in self-help groups on the empowerment of
women in the context of the great importance being given to the group
approach while conceptualizing any programme for rural women. The study is
situated in District Mewat in the northern state of Haryana, a state which faces
the conundrum of rapid economic growth juxtaposed with poor social
indicators, and uses the personal narrative method to give a voice to women’s
perspective. The objective of this study is to determine whether and to what
extent participation in self-help groups has an impact on the empowerment of
women members. She has looks at various dimensions of empowerment-
material, cognitive, perceptual and relational.
Randhawa.V and Mann S. K. 7 (2007), In Their Research, ”
Structure and Functioning Of Self-Help Groups in Punjab ‘Published by,
Indian J. Agric, Vol. 41, No. 3. The main objectives of the articles are to
explore the functional aspects of SHGs in promoting micro saving and inter
loaning activities. This article based on survey research design covered all the
17 Districts of Punjab. In their articles focused on tracing the genesis and
structure and evaluate the functional aspects of SHGs. The major findings
revealed that majority of SHGs were promoted by GOs and there were few
SHGs promoted by NGOs. The results of the study revealed that monthly

25
meetings was their regular feature and majority of SHGs was using saving for
inter loaning purposes. Further, majority of the SHGs were performing badly
in terms of capacity building of members. Therefore, future focus of SHG
must be on capacity building and skill up gradation of rural women.
Udupi P.S.8 (2008), In her M Phil Dissertation "A Study of Women
Self-Help Groups In Walwa Taluka, District Sangli". She has analyzed the
history and development of SHG in Walwa Taluka. The general information
includes information about SHGs, information about SHGs members, internal
loan, use of revolving fund, uses of group loan are analyzed, interpreted other
problems of self-help groups. She observed that there are mixed self-help
groups of women from general category and women form scheduled caste, 83
percent women were married. She suggested for improvement in the working
and management of self-help groups of BPL women.
Reddy.A.R.9 (2008) Studied about ‘Self-Help Groups In India - A
Catalyst For Women Economic Empowerment and Poverty Eradication’
Published by 33rd Global Conference Of Icsw, Tours (France). The theme of
the article is self-help groups in India - a catalyst for women economic
empowerment and poverty eradication’. This research papers based primary
and secondary sources. In this paper analyzed the impact of SHGs on women
in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The author found that the self-help group
movement in Andhra Pradesh to be the biggest one. In this articles finding that
the financial status of households had improved due to improvement in access
in a across to formal credit institutions, since SHGs are linked with banks. In
this articles conclude that the impressed by the remarkable success of women
self-help groups in Andhra Pradesh, the World Bank said that the model could
be replicated in other states in India and in other countries.
Kumar.B.10 (2009), In his Book ‘Women Empowerment and
Sustainable Development’ Published by, Regal Publications, New Delhi. In
their edited book volume on ‘women empowerment and sustainable
development’ an effort has been made to highlight the importance of the role
of women. The theme Centre’s the importance of women in socio-economics
spheres. This edited volume concentrates mainly on four parts. Part first is
concerned with ‘women and sustainable development’. Part second is deals
with the ‘empowerment of women and entrepreneurship. Part third is

26
‘empowerment of women policies and programs. Part fourth concentrates
mainly on ‘empowerment of rural women.
Venkatesh J and Kala.K11 (2010) Studied about ‘Empowerment Of
Rural Women All The Way through Self-Help Groups’ ‘Published by
International Journal Of Management, Vol.l. In their paper related to the
economic empowerment of women in the south Tamil nadu. In this article is
also focusing the economic improvement of women after joining SHGs. The
main objectives of the articles are to study the income, expenditure and
savings of the members after joining SHGs. In this article has discussed about
the group savings, rotation of sangha funds, bank loan, repayment of loan,
social and community action programms. The authors found after joining
SHGs the income of the women has been augmented. So the monthly
household outflow also has been lifted considerable level. The paper conclude
that the economic activities of SHGs are quite success. In this way SHGs in
North Tamilnadu are very victorious to extend women empowerment and rural
areas.
Ghosh C and Banerjee T.12 (2010) Studied about, ‘Self-Help Group
Participation and Employment of the Women: Myths and the Reality
‘Published by ‘Obuda University Keleti Karoly Faculty of Business and
Management. In this paper investigates the factors influencing the
employment status of a selected group of self-help group members. The same
set of self-help group members has been surveyed twice, once during 2005
and again during 2009 to collect information. In this paper study will try to
examine the influence of socio economic, demographic and political factors on
the employment status of the members based on primary survey conducted in
some villages of north 24 parganas, West Bengal, India. This paper has also
tried to investigate the loan use pattern of this set of self-help group members,
Along with the past occupation of the member the local politics at village level
have been found to influence the employment status as well as loan use pattern
of the members. The authors observed that about 55 percent of the self-help
group members have turned into housewives. This paper has tried to identify
the factors responsible for continuity of employment status of the woman
members of the self-help groups. In this paper conclude that the other factor
that influences the employment status of the member is the past occupation.

27
Those women who were working as labourers during 2005 survey have mostly
become unemployed compared to other categories of profession.
Sathiabama.K13 (2010), In an Article Title ‘’Rural Women
Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development” In their articles analyzed
empowerment of women has emerged as an important issue in recent times.
The economic empowerment of women is being regarded these days as a sine-
quo-none of progress for a country; hence, the issue of economic
empowerment of women is of paramount importance to political thinkers,
social scientists and reformers. The self-help groups have paved the way for
economic independence of rural women. The members of SHGs are involved
in micro entrepreneurships. Through that, they are becoming economically
independent and providing employment opportunities to others. This article
deals with empowerment of rural women through entrepreneurship and the
advantages entrepreneurship among the rural women. In this research article
conclude that the increased participation of women in the labour force is a
prerequisite for improving the position of women in society and self-employed
women. Particularly the entry of rural women in micro enterprises will be
encouraged and aggravated. Rural women can do wonders by their effectual
and competent involvement in entrepreneurial activities.
Prasadarao M.14 (2010) In his Ph.D. Thesis, “Impact Of Self-Help
Group -Bank Linkage Programme And Its Role On The Upliftment Of The
Poor “(special reference to Raigad District, Maharashtra State). He has an
investigation of the implications of scaling up process on the poverty
alleviation mission through SHG bank linkage program. He has analyzed the
socio-economic profile of the SHGs and their members and impact of bank-
linkage on SHGs. He has analyzed the quality and extent of financial services
to members and issues in and perceptions around SHG bank linkage. This
study found majority of the cases where the availability subsidy had affected
the formation and quality of SHGs but our study suggests that the fear of this
is an important reason for bankers’ hesitation to increase their SHG loan
portfolios. He has conclude that the overall positive impact of SHG bank
linkage programme on the socio-economic conditions of rural poor. It is
reported that significant changes in the living standards of SHG members have
taken place in terms of increase in income level, assets, savings, borrowing
capacity and income generating activities. There are signs of empowerment
taking place among women members 32 of SHGs.
Mhlongo S. D.1S (2010) In his Ph.D. Thesis “A Process of
Empowerment through A Self-Help Group for Divorced Women” The main
focus of the research study was to investigate specific processes through
which one goes to achieve empowerment when participating in a self-help
group for divorced women. The significant finding in this study was how the
self-help group can facilitate the process of empowerment for divorced
women, which contrasted with other studies in which a sense of community
was critical to personal empowerment. The interactions which were both
positive and negative with others were the foundations for the process of
empowerment in the form of critical reflections. The findings of the research
study suggested that, the process of empowerment within a self-help group
structure is interactive rather than linear. The process of empowerment
through the self-help Group encounters included discovering the reality of the
divorced status, the role of Frustration in the process of empowerment, critical
reflection as the powerful force behind the process of empowerment and
taking charge of one’s life as a motivational factor that facilitated the self-help
group activities and the process of empowerment. The only interpersonal
factor that was significant in the study was the role of social support by group
members in the process of empowerment.
Prasadarao S and Raavi Radhika16 (2011) In Their Research’
Sanctions & Disbursement of Loans to Self-Help Groups (A Study With
Reference To Deccan Grameen Bank, Hyderabad), ‘Published by,
International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 2, No.
1. This research paper begins with a background discussion about
unemployment and poverty in rural areas and why low-income persons seek
self-employment as a viable option towards building social and human capital
to work towards poverty alleviation. In this paper focusing on the rural and the
urban poor generally and women particularly. The main objectives of the
research paper are to pilot test other micro-credit delivery mechanisms as
alternative channels to the formal banks. This paper suggested that the micro
finance has been instrumental in empowering women; therefore more effort
should be put for women’s development through micro finance. In this

29
research paper conclude that the micro finance is provided by the some rural
banks only, to develop poverty the micro finance will be provided by all
commercial banks. SHG based micro finance which has now developed deep
roots in many parts of the country.
Bidnur V.V.17 ( 2012) Studied about "Role Of Self-Help Group In
Women's Life With Reference To Sangli, Miraj And Kupwad Corporation
Area’ Published by ‘Indian Streams Research Journal’ Vol.l,Issue.Xii. In this
paper seeks to examine the nature of impact that SHGs are having on poverty
reduction, and also the key factors that can contribute to their improved
functioning. The authors argue that, thus far, SHGs have shown a limited
effectiveness in terms of their impact on rural poverty and their long-term
sustainability. The main objective of the articles is to study the demographic
factors of the sample respondents. In this paper analyzed to women
empowerment through SHGs. The main finding of this research papers is
monthly income of majority of sample respondents have increased after
joining SHGs. The paper concludes that women are now participating in all
productive activities and are at par with men. No doubt the SHG movement in
India has been working in the right direction, but it is necessary to empower
more and more women in social, cultural, economic, political and legal
matters, for the interest of the family in particular and the nation in general.
Suja.S18 (2012) In his Discussion Paper Titled ” Women
Empowerment Through Self-Help Group- An Evaluative Study” ‘Published
by, Sona Global Management Review, Vol.6, Issue.3. The main objectives of
the articles are to know the association between demographic profile and the
empowerment at the post SHG period. This paper based on survey method.
This paper attempts to measure the empowerment of women. This research
paper attempts to find answer to all the questions. In the process, it deals with
all the indicators of women empowerment. In their paper also analyses the
attitude of SHG members towards women empowerment and women
empowerment through self-help groups with respect to the SHG members in
Salem District of Tamil nadu. In these articles analyzed the profile of
members and their changes in economic conditions like assets, personal
income, savings, loan, family and income. In this paper the limitation the
empowerment of women has been measured through opinion survey. This

30
article is focused on the empowerment factors only, the other aspects like the
performance of SHGs are not considered. This paper suggested that the
training in the business activities of the members is the need of the hour.
Das S.K.19 (2012) In his Discussion Paper Titled ” Best Practices Of
Self-Help Groups and Women Empowerment: A Case of Barak Valley of
Assam ‘Published by Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, Vol. 7 No.
2. The main objectives of the articles are to make a comparative study on the
quality of SHGs in Barak valley of Assam. The methodology of research for
preparation of this paper may be categorized into two parts viz. Methodology
applied for descriptive analysis about SHGs and methodology applied for its
impact assessment in case of women empowerment. The authors observed that
SHGs has a positive impact on women member and in many cases it is prove
that SHG promotes empowerment in the study Districts. It is found that the
main problems faced by the SHGs are delay in sanctioning the loans by the
government authorities and the bank officials. Further, the SHGs are facing
the problems of marketing, basic infrastructure, training and skill development
avenues, lack of administrative experience in managing the affairs of the
groups.
Geethanjali R and Prabhakar K.20 (2013) Studied about ‘Economic
Development of Women through Self-Help Groups in YSR District, Andhra
Pradesh, India. In their research papers is mainly focusing on the self-help
group formation, women entrepreneurship and economic empowerment of
women after them joining self-help groups in YSR district, Andhra Pradesh,
India. The main objectives of the articles are to study the profile of the
members of self-help groups in YSR Kadappa District. This research papers
based primary and secondary sources. In this article has discussed about the
group savings, rotation of sangha funds, bank loan, and repayment of loan,
social and community action programs. In their papers analysis is based on the
socio political impact before and after self-help group programme on various
aspects in the life of women. The paper conclude that the women participation
in self-help groups have obviously created tremendous impact upon the life
pattern and style of poor women and have empowered them at various levels
not only as individuals but also as members of the family members of the
community and the society as whole. This paper suggested that the women

31
should keep interest on empowering themselves and prepare themselves to
face any problems in their businesses.
Thangamani S and Muthuselvi S.21 (2013) In Their Research “ A
Study On Women Empowerment Through Self- Help Groups With Special
Reference To Mettupalayam Taluka In Coimbatore District, ‘Published
by,’Iosr Journal Of Business And Management, Volume 8, Issue 6. In this
research paper analyzed women empowerment is a process in which women
challenge the existing norms and culture, to effectively promote their well­
being. The participation of women in self-help groups made a significant
impact on their empowerment both in social and economic aspects. This study
addresses women empowerment through self-help groups in Mettupalayam
District of Tamil Nadu. The information required for the study has been
collected from both the primary and secondary sources. A random sampling
method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis was carried out to
draw meaningful interpretation of the results. Chi - square test used to find
whether the two attributes are associated or not. Garret ranking technique was
used to find the reasons for joining the self-help group. The results of the
study revealed that the SHGs have had greater impact on both economic and
social aspects of the beneficiaries. This paper suggested that the self-help
group is powerful tool to enrich the savings activities and poverty alleviation.
In this context to support by the government and uplift the women through
self-help group oriented developments. The authors found that the socio­
economic factor has been changed after joining the self-help groups. But the
saving is increasing at earlier stage of life. In this research paper conclude that
the economic activities of self-help group are quite successful. In this way
self-help group in Mettupalayam Taluka the very successful develop women
empowerment and rural areas.
Rajendran M.S, William T.A and Raja D.V. 22 (2013) In Their
Research 15 Micro Finance and Empowerment of Women through SHGs in
Kanyakumari District, ‘Published by, Indian Streams Research Journal,
Volume 3, Issue. 5. The theme of the article is micro finance and
empowerment of women through SHGs in Kanyakumari District. This article
based primary and secondary data. In these papers analyzed micro finance is
emerging as a powerful tool to make the target group as self-sufficient.

32
Women empowerment, self-reliance and sustainability are the widely
discussed topic all over the world. In this article has discussed about the group
savings, bank loan, family income, expenditure. In this research paper
conclude that the obviously evident that women are empowered through self-
help groups by various financial activities such as savings, borrowings,
budgeting and rotating funds. Women are becoming self-reliant and self-
dependent because of various motivational programs and schemes organized
by SHGs.
2.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
The statement of the present study is “Role of SHG in Rural women
employment a study of Andhali village.” The aim of the study is to analyses
the progress and working of SHGs in Andhali village in Palus Taluka of
Sangli District.
2.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The major objectives of present study are as below:
1) To study the Working of SHGs in Andhali.
2) To study the problems of SHG.
3) To study the impact of saving and loan taken by the members of SHGs.
4) To suggest various appropriate measures.
2.5. HYPOTHESIS:
The hypothesis of the present research study is as below:
“SHG contribute for empowering women in rural area.”
2.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
It is estimated that more than 25 million rural women of India have
been benefited by the Self Help Groups. The socio-economic benefits include
economic self-independence Participation in village affairs and awareness
about education. The need in self-help groups is development day by day. The
role of self-help groups is important rural women life in India.
There are total 23 Self Help Groups in Andhali, which are facing many
problems. Hence in order to overcome from these problems, the need felt to
study the working of SHGs. Therefore the present research topic has been
chosen.

H'-Tki — s biA - UbdAi'iJ

33
2.7. DATABASE AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The following methodological procedure was used.
2.7.1. SOURCES OF DATA:
For the present study both the primary and secondary source of data
were used. Following are the details of the sources of the data collection.
A) Primary Data:
The primary data were formed as the major source of the study. The
primary data from the respondents selected from the 100 women were
collected through the interview method, observation method, discussion
method etc.
B) Secondary Data:
The analysis is mainly based on secondary sources of the data. The
statistical data on relevant information had collected from the reference books,
journals and internet etc.
2.7.2. Sampling Method:
There are 381 women in the Self-Help Groups out of which 100
respondents were selected by using stratified random sampling.
2.7.3. DATA INTERPRETATION:
Keeping in the view, the objectives of the study, the appropriate
statistical techniques which are applicable to the study such an average,
percentage, mode, median, standard deviation, were used to get relevant
statistical inferences required for the study. Moreover, some graphical devices
were used for the data analysis.
2.7.4. PERIOD OF THE STUDY:
The period for the study is confined to four year i.e. from 2011 to
2014.
2.7.5. AREA OF STUDY:
The area of study is Andhali village.
2.8. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
The present study is limited to SHGs in Andhali village and for period
of 2011 to 2014.

34
2.9. CHAPTER SCHEME:
The Dissertation is organized in five chapters as follows.
1. Introduction
The first chapter is an “Introduction” which includes historical
background of SHG, concept of SHG, objectives of SHGs, need and
importance of Self Help Group, characteristics of SHGs, the features of Self
Help Groups, functions of SHGs, norms of SHGs and rules and regulations of
SHGs. Deals with the profile of the study area especially Andhali village,
SHGs in Andhali village, SHGs in Palus Taluka and SHGs in Sangli District.
2. Review of Literature and Research Methodology:-
This chapter is divided into two parts. Frist part of this chapter reviews
the related literature and second part of this chapter research methodology.
3. Profile of SHGs in Andhali Village:-
This chapter deals with the profile of SHGs in Andhali village. In
this chapter is analyzed and interpreted in terms of following points.
Information about SHG member’s covers areas like age, marital status,
education qualification, religions, social categories, size of the family, type of
the family, occupation, employment profile and reasons for joining SHG.
4. Working and Problems of SHGs:-
This Chapter deals with two parts. The part first deals with working
of SHGs and Second part highlights the basic problems of these SHG of
women which they face in their day to day working. This chapter covers
financial, administrative and other problems of SHGs in Andhali village.
5. Conclusion, Observations and Suggestions
This Chapter deals with the summary of findings, suggestions and
conclusion of the study.

35
REFERENCES:-
1. Bidnur V.V. (2012), “Role of Self -Help Group in Women's Life With
Reference to Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad Corporation Area’ Published by
‘Indian Streams Research.
2. Das S. K. (2012)’ ‘’Best Practices Of Self-Help Groups and Women
Empowerment: A Case of Barak Valley of Assam ‘Published by Far East
Journal of Psychology and Business, Vol. 7 No. 2.
3. Galab S and Rao N.C. (2003), ‘Women’s Self-Help Groups, Poverty
Alleviation and Empowerment’ Published by ‘Economic and Political
Weekly’ Vol -Xxx Viii No 12, 13.
4. Geethanjali R and Prabhakar K. (2013) ‘Economic Development of
Women through Self- Help Groups In YSR District, Published by Stud
Home Com Sci.
5. Ghosh C and Banerjee T. (2010) ‘Self-Help Group Participation and
Employment of the Women: Myths and the Reality ‘Published by ‘Obuda
University Keleti Karoly Faculty of Business and Management.
6. Kadam.P.B. “Assessment-of the contribution of self-help groups to
women’s empowerment- a study with reference to Satara District. A
Ph.D. thesis submitted to Shivaji University in 2006.
7. Kannabiran V. (2005), ‘Marketing Self-Help Managin Poverty”
Published by ‘Economic and Political Weekly’ Vol -XL, No 34.
8. Kumar B. (2009), ‘Women Empowerment and Sustainable
Development’ Published by, Regal Publications, New Delhi.
9. Mahendra Varman P, (2005), ‘Impact of Self-Help Groups on Formal
Banking Habits’ Published by ‘Economic and Political Weekly’ Vol -XI.
No 17.
10. Mhlongo S. D, “A Process of Empowerment through a Self-Help Group
for Divorced Women.’ A Ph.D. thesis submitted to Zululand University
in 2010.
11. Prasadarao M. “Impact of Self-Help Group -Bank Linkage Programme
and Its Role on the Upliftment of the Poor “(special reference to Raigad
district, Maharashtra state). A Ph.D. thesis submitted to padamashree
Dr.D, Y. Patil University in 2010.

36
12. Prasadarao S. and Raavi Radhika, (2011), Sanctions & Disbursement of
Loans to Self-Help Groups (A Study With Reference To Deccan
Grameena Bank, Hyderabad), ‘Published by, International Journal of
Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1.
13. Rajendran M.S, William T.A and Raja D.V. (2013)’ Micro Finance and
Empowerment of Women through SHGs in Kanyakumari District,
‘Published by, Indian Streams Research Journal, Volume 3, Issue. 5.
14. Randhawa V and Mann S.K. (2007)’ Structure and Functioning Of Self-
Help Groups in Punjab ‘Published by, Indian J. Agric. Vol. 41, No.3.
15. Reddy A.R. (2008)’ ‘Self-Help Groups In India - A Catalyst for Women
Economic Empowerment and Poverty Eradication’ Published by 33rd
Global Conference of Icsw, Tours (France).
16. Sathiabama.K, (2010),’Rural Women Empowerment and
Entrepreneurship Development. Published by, ESS Student papers.
17. Sreeramulu G. (2006)’ ‘Empowerment of Women through Self-Help
Groups’ ‘Published by, Kalpaz Publications, Delhi.
18. Suja S (2012)’ ‘Women Empowerment Through Self-Help Group- An
Evaluative Study” ‘Published by, Sona Global Management Review,
Vol.6, Issue.3.
19. Thangamani S and.Muthuselvi S (2013) “A Study on Women
Empowerment through Self- Help Groups with Special Reference to
Mettupalayam Taluka in Coimbatore District, ‘Published by,’Iosr Journal
Of Business And Management, Volume 8, Issue 6.
20. Udupi P. E., “A Study of Women Self Help Groups in Walwa Taluka
District Sangli”. An M. Phil Dissertation submitted to Shivaji University
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