Solution Manual for Dynamic Business Law The Essentials 3rd Edition Kubasek
Browne Herron Dhooge Barkacs ISBN 007802384X 9780078023842
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Chapter 2: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
1. CHAPTER OVERVIEW
Chapter 2 explains the issues of right and wrong in business conduct. This explanation begins
with the fundamentals of business ethics and social responsibility and provides a framework that
allows students to engage with ethics and social responsibility material. This framework is
important because it takes away students’ tendency to believe questions of ethics are simply matters
of opinion. Consider asking your students to use the ―WH framework‖ throughout the course.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, students will be able to answer the following questions:
1. What are business ethics and the social responsibility of business?
2. What are values?
3. How do values provide a starting point for thinking about ethics?
4. How are business law and business ethics related?
5. How can we use the WH framework to make ethical business decisions?
3. LECTURE NOTES WITH DEFINITIONS
a. In the news…
Teaching tip: For each chapter, consider asking students to relate current news items to
material from the chapter.
In addition to ideas students come up with on their own, consider weaving in news
stories provided by the McGraw-Hill. Stories are available via a McGraw-Hill DVD, and
on the publisher’s web site.
Chapter 02 – Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
For Chapter Two, McGraw-Hill offers the following stories:
―Smoke & Mirrors: Tobacco Companies Have Been Steadily Adding More Nicotine to
Cigarettes to Make Them More Addictive, Especially to Teenagers.‖
Apply the WH framework to the decisions tobacco companies are making.
Is it ―socially responsible‖ for tobacco companies to add nicotine to cigarettes?
Should legal rules provide additional protections to vulnerable consumers,
such as teenagers?
b. What are business ethics and the social responsibility of business?
Ethics is the study and practice of decisions about what is good or right.
Business ethics is the use of ethics and ethical principles to solve business dilemmas.
An ethical dilemma is a question about how one should behave that requires one to reflect
on the advantages and disadvantages of the optional choices for various stakeholders.
The social responsibility of business consists of the expectations that the community places on
the actions of firms inside that community’s borders.
Teaching tip: How are the concepts of ethics and social responsibility different? Do they
overlap?
c. What are values?
Values are positive abstractions that capture our sense of what is good or desirable. They
are ideas that underlie conversations about business ethics.
d. How do values provide a starting point for thinking about business ethics? Values
are essential for our clarifying why something is deemed good or bad. An understanding of values is
necessary to begin using the WH framework for ethical business decisions.
e. How are business law and business ethics related?
The legality of the decision is the minimal standard that must be met. The law both affects
and is affected by evolving ethical patterns.
f. How can we use the WH framework for ethical business decisions?
The WH framework provides practical steps for responding to an ethical dilemma.
W: Whom would the decision affect?
o Stakeholders: assorted groups of people affected by the firm's decisions, e.g., owners
or shareholders, employees, customers, management, general community, future
generations.
o Interests of stakeholders will sometimes be in common and will sometimes conflict.
H: How do we make ethical decisions?
o We use classical ethical guidelines, such as these:
o The Golden Rule—―Do unto others as you would have done to you."
o Public Disclosure Test—Suppose your decision would be published in the
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© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or
distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website,
in whole or part.
Chapter 02 – Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
newspaper. (Our actions are in the open rather
than hidden.)
o Universalization Test—If I take action X, were others to follow my example, would
the world be a better place?
Teaching tip: Choose a current ethical dilemma from the newspaper and ask students to apply
the WH framework to the dilemma.
4. TEACHING IDEAS
Connecting to the Core One way to connect to the core expands the chapter’s discussion of ethics
and accounting. You may want to obtain and show your class a PBS
videotape called ―Bigger than Enron,‖ available at:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/regulation/
This videotape explores the collapse of Arthur Andersen, the accounting
firm Enron used to help it hide its fraud. The tape asks, ―What went
wrong?‖
Teaching Basics After showing ―Bigger Than Enron,‖ ask the class questions that
facilitate understanding. Here are some questions to get you started:
What argument did Hedrick Smith present in the videotape?
Why should business students care about the argument and facts in the
videotape?
Is there ―another side‖ to the story?
How did the videotape make you feel, as an American citizen?
5. ANSWERS TO BUSINESS ETHICS FLASHPOINTS
Flashpoint #1- Chevron in Ecuador: When reacting to Chevron’s behavior in
Ecuador, consider your personal value preferences and how these value
preferences determine what you think is right and wrong in this situation. If one
were to believe that Chevron’s behavior in Ecuador was unethical, this may be
because of values such as respect, compassion, and safety. One may believe that
these values were not upheld by Chevron, considering the health and
environmental effects that their behavior had on the citizens and community of
Ecuador.
Flashpoint #3- The WorldCom Accounting Scandal: The stakeholders directly
affected by the behavior of WorldCom would be WorldCom shareholders,
employees of WorldCom, and the telecommunications industry. Stakeholders in
the background would be consumers in the telecommunications industry.
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Chapter 02 – Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or
distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in
whole or part.
Chapter 02 – Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
Flashpoint #4- The Health Focus of Revolution Foods: The behavior of
Revolution Foods demonstrates consistency with all three ethical guidelines: the
golden rule, the public disclosure test, and the universalization test. The goal of
Revolution Foods was to create a product that was considerate of the health needs
of its consumers, transparent about the ingredients being used, and mindful of
creating a product that could change norms around healthy eating.
Flashpoint#5- The Dofasco Steel Company’s Approach to Workers: Values
that are in conflict in this business scenario could be respect (for the employee’s
health) over comfort (of maintaining current safety policies), or, excellence over
conformity (to the common industry practices that are less safe for employees).
When considering the WH Framework, stakeholders in this scenario would be
the employees of Dofasco, management of Dofasco, owners and investors of
Dofasco, and community members who were positively impacted by Dofasco’s
Environmental Management Agreement. When considering the values that may
be in tension among these various stakeholders, Dofasco may have appealed
primarily to the universalization guideline and the golden rule guideline—
focusing on the best way to treat employees as well as how to create a work
environment that, if universalized, would promote healthier employee conditions.
6. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
1. If an American business manager was working in another country and was questioning
engaging in a behavior that is ethical in that country, but unethical in the United States,
that manager could apply the Public Disclosure Test. Specifically, the manager may want
to think about whether the behavior would be considered ethical if it were to be
broadcast in the country where she is working.
2. The legality of a decision or behavior is the minimal standard that must be met. The
existence of this minimal standard is essential for developing ethical business
decisions. Overall, law and business ethics serve as an interactive system- informing
and affecting each other.
3. The legality of a decision is the minimal standard that must be met. The law both
affects and is affected by evolving ethical patterns.
4. The WH framework provides practical steps for responding to an ethical dilemma. The W
refers to who would the decision affect such as stakeholders and their interests. The P
refers to what are the ultimate purposes of the decision, specifically, which values are being
upheld by the decision. The H refers to how we make ethical decisions, specifically, those
principles and beliefs that guide our decisions.
5. Employers to have a duty to respect the religious beliefs of their employees. They do
not have to respect employees’ non-religious beliefs. So, the question here is whether
Friedman’s veganism was a religious belief. Friedman argued that his belief that it is
immoral and unethical for humans to kill or exploit animals is a religious belief. The
court disagreed. Veganism does not ―address fundamental or ultimate questions such
as the meaning of human existence and the purpose of life, the beliefs were not
comprehensive, because they did not derive from a power or being or faith to which
all else was subordinate, and no formal or external signs of a
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© 2016 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or
distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website,
in whole or part.
religion were present.‖ The court viewed veganism as a secular philosophy and
would not protect it.
6. Presumably Kozlowski would have conducted himself differently if his actions were
subject to public disclosure. The same result would entail from the universalization test as
no one would want Kozlowski’s behavior to serve as an example for others nor did it make
the world a better place.
7. The WH framework calls for students to apply the whom, purpose and how tests.
Students should determine the stakeholders affected by the decisions made by the state
and the pharmaceutical companies, the values underlying these decisions and the
principles applicable to making the decision in reaching their conclusions.
8. Erickson won the suit. The value of justice applies here, e.g., people must be
treated equally. Their gender should not matter. The court ruled that, ―[a]lthough
Title VII does not require employers to offer any particular type or category of
benefit, when an employer decides to offer a prescription plan covering everything
except a few specifically excluded drugs and devices, it has a legal obligation to
make sure that the resulting plan does not discriminate based on sex-based
characteristics and that it provides equally comprehensive coverage for both sexes.‖
9. The court ruled that the First Amendment does not give media agencies the right
to record or broadcast an execution from within a prison. If ENI had applied the
Golden Rule, it might have demonstrated more sensitivity to Timothy
McVeigh’s family. It is unlikely his family would have wanted the world to
watch the execution.
10. Values that may be at odds include freedom, justice and efficiency.
