0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views

Mesh Network Dynamic Routing Protocols

This document summarizes a paper presented at the 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology. It discusses mesh network dynamic routing protocols, identifying two main classes - proactive and reactive. Proactive protocols like OLSR continuously calculate and update routes, while reactive protocols like DSR establish routes on demand when needed for data transmission. The paper evaluates these protocol types for applicability in mesh networks using simulation in NS-3 and analyzing metrics like throughput, delay and packet loss.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views

Mesh Network Dynamic Routing Protocols

This document summarizes a paper presented at the 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology. It discusses mesh network dynamic routing protocols, identifying two main classes - proactive and reactive. Proactive protocols like OLSR continuously calculate and update routes, while reactive protocols like DSR establish routes on demand when needed for data transmission. The paper evaluates these protocol types for applicability in mesh networks using simulation in NS-3 and analyzing metrics like throughput, delay and packet loss.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6(7 2FWREHU6KDK$ODP0DOD\VLD

0HVK1HWZRUN'\QDPLF5RXWLQJ3URWRFROV
=KDQVHULN1XUODQ 7DPDUD=KXNDED\HYD 0RKDPHG2WKPDQ
faculty of information technology faculty of information technology dept. of communication technology and
(of Affiliation) (of Affiliation) network
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National (of Affiliation)
University University Univsiti Putra Malaysia
(of Affiliation) (of Affiliation) (of Affiliation)
1XU6XOWDQ.D]DNKVWDQ 1XU6XOWDQ.D]DNKVWDQ 6HUGDQJ6HODQJRU0DOD\VLD
]KDQVHULNQXU#JPDLOFRP WDPDUDNRNHQRYQD#JPDLOFRP PRWKPDQ#XSPHGXP\

Abstract—The main course of this paper will be to assess the 0(6+QHWZRUNVPRVWIXOO\UHDOL]HWKHIOH[LELOLW\RIEHLQJ


applicability of dynamic routing protocols in Mesh networks. In DEOHWRVFDOHVSHHGDQGHDVHRIGHSOR\PHQW
the process, evaluation criteria were identified, an evaluation
method was developed and implemented using simulation in the ,, 7<3(62)'<1$0,&5287,1*35272&2/6
NS-3 environment, a method for describing a topology has been 5RXWLQJSURWRFROVFDQEHGLYLGHGLQWRWZRODUJHFODVVHV
proposed, and an experiment was conducted using the method
SURDFWLYHDQGUHDFWLYH>@
on a simulated network topology. The experiment showed the
possibility of applying the method to evaluate such indicators as A. Proactive Routing Protocols
throughput and error rate, loss coefficient, delay variation and
,QWKLVSURWRFRO ZKHQ D QHWZRUN WRSRORJ\ LV FKDQJHGD
network delay. The results obtained allowed to conclude about
the applicability of particular routing protocol to specified
EURDGFDVW RI PHVVDJHV DERXW WKHVH FKDQJHV LV LQLWLDWHG $OO
topology with specific network quality requirements. URXWHVDUHVWRUHGLQWKHPHPRU\RIHDFKQRGHDQGLWFDQXVH
WKHPDWDQ\WLPH'XHWRWKHIDFWWKDWLQIDFWHDFKQRGHKDVD
Keywords—routing protocols, mesh, manet, wmn. QHWZRUN FRQQHFWLYLW\ JUDSK LW LV SRVVLEOH WR FRQVWUXFW WKH
VKRUWHVWURXWHIRUH[DPSOHXVLQJWKH'LMNVWUDDOJRULWKP>@
, ,1752'8&7,21 HEADING 1  >@$QH[DPSOHRIDSURDFWLYHSURWRFROLV2/65 2SWLPL]HG
7RWDO LQIRUPDWL]DWLRQ KDV D VLJQLILFDQW LPSDFW RQ WKH /LQN6WDWH5RXWLQJ WKHIXOOGHVFULSWLRQRIZKLFKLVSUHVHQWHG
PRGHUQ ZRUOG FKDQJLQJ WKH PHFKDQLVPV RI LQWHUDFWLRQ LQ LQ5)&DQGVFKHPDWLFDOO\WKHPHFKDQLVPRIRSHUDWLRQ
VRFLHW\ SURYLGHV QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV LQ DOPRVW DOO DUHDV RI LVVKRZQLQ)LJ
DFWLYLW\ 'XH WR WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI HOHFWURQLFV LWV
PLQLDWXUL]DWLRQDQGFKHDSHQLQJLQIRUPDWLRQVKDULQJGHYLFHV
VKRZ VLJQLILFDQW TXDQWLWDWLYH JURZWK DQG VXFK FRQFHSWV DV
³,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV´ ,R7 ,QWHUQHWRI(YHU\WKLQJ ,R( DQG
0DFKLQHWR0DFKLQH &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 00  DUH LQ RXU
HYHU\GD\OLIH
$FFRUGLQJWRDIRUHFDVWSXEOLVKHGLQWKHWKDQQXDOUHSRUW
&LVFR WKH 9LVXDO 1HWZRUNLQJ 'HYHORSPHQW ,QGH[ &LVFRŠ
9LVXDO 1HWZRUNLQJ ,QGH[ &LVFR 91,  :L)L DQG PRELOH
GHYLFHVLQZLOOJHQHUDWHRI,3WUDIILF7KHVKDUHRI
:L)LZLOOEH>@,QPDQ\LQGXVWULHVZLOOEHREVHUYHG
WKHSUROLIHUDWLRQRIWKH&RPSUHKHQVLYH,QWHUQHWDVZHOODVWKH
LQWURGXFWLRQ RI VPDUW KRPH WHFKQRORJLHV VHFXULW\ YLGHR
V\VWHPVVPDUWPHWHUVOLJKWLQJDQGWHPSHUDWXUHFRQWUROHWF 
7KHJUHDWHVWJURZWKZLOOEHREVHUYHGLQWKHFRQVXPHUVHJPHQW
RIKHDOWK )LJ 7KHVFKHPHRIWKH2/65URXWLQJSURWRFRO

RIPDFKLQHWRPDFKLQHFRQQHFWLRQVZLOOEHKHOGE\ 2/65 XVHV ³+(//2´ DQG ³7&´ 7RSRORJ\ &RQWURO 


³VPDUWKRPH´LQ'XULQJWKLVSHULRGJOREDOPDFKLQHWR PHVVDJHVWRGHWHFWQHLJKERUVWRH[FKDQJHQHWZRUNWRSRORJ\
PDFKLQH,3WUDIILFZLOOJURZWLPHVIURPSHWDE\WHLQ VWDWXV LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK RWKHU QRGHV ZLWK WKH PHPEHUV RI
 RIJOREDO,3WUDIILF WRH[DE\WHE\  ZLUHOHVV0HVKQHWZRUNURXWLQJLQ2/65GRPDLQ(DFKQRGH
RIJOREDO,3WUDIILF >@)RUH[DPSOHWKHDUWLFOH>@GHVFULEHV LQ WKLV GRPDLQ XVHV WKH FROOHFWHG WRSRORJ\ LQIRUPDWLRQ WR
WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI DQ DXWRPDWHG SURFHVV FRQWURO V\VWHP FDOFXODWH WKH QH[W KRS ZKHQ IRUZDUGLQJ WUDIILF WR HDFK
$3&6 EDVHGRQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIDQLQGXVWULDOZLUHOHVV GHVWLQDWLRQQRGH,WFDOFXODWHVWKHURXWHZLWKWKHOHDVWQXPEHU
VHQVRU V\VWHP IRU FROOHFWLQJ WHOHPHWULF LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU D RI WUDQVLWLRQV 2/65 GRHV QRW XVH D UHOLDEOH GHOLYHU\
WHUULWRULDOO\GLVWULEXWHGWHFKQRORJLFDOREMHFWIRUVWRULQJQDWXUDO PHFKDQLVP LQVWHDG WKH SURWRFRO VLPSO\ SHUIRUPV PRUH
JDV IUHTXHQWGLVWULEXWLRQRILQIRUPDWLRQDOPHVVDJHV'HVSLWHWKH
IDFWWKDW2/65VKRZVJRRGUHVXOWVLQODUJHQHWZRUNVKDVD
7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI ZLUHOHVV GDWD WUDQVIHU WHFKQRORJLHV
VPDOO GHOD\ LQ FRQQHFWLRQV LW LQHIILFLHQWO\ FRQVXPHV WKH
LQFOXGLQJDVHWRIVWDQGDUGV :L)L KDVUHVXOWHGLQWKH
HQHUJ\RILQDFWLYHGHYLFHV>@,QDGGLWLRQEHLQJD/LQN6WDWH
HPHUJHQFHRIDSURPLVLQJFODVVRIEURDGEDQGQHWZRUNVZLWK
SURWRFRO 2/65 PDLQWDLQV ODUJH URXWLQJ WDEOHV LQ ODUJH
WKH 0(6+ WRSRORJ\ ,Q  WKH ,((( V
QHWZRUNV ZKLFK LPSRVHV LQFUHDVHG UHTXLUHPHQWV RQ
VWDQGDUGZDVDGRSWHG>@
FRPSXWLQJUHVRXUFHV

‹,((( 
,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6(7 2FWREHU6KDK$ODP0DOD\VLD

B. Reactive Routing Protocols 7KHVIUDPHIRUPDWDQGWKHILHOGVGHVFULEHGDERYHDUH


,QUHDFWLYHURXWLQJSURWRFRODVLQ'65 '\QDPLF6RXUFH LOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJ
5RXWLQJ URXWHVH[LVWRQO\ZKHQWKH\DUHQHHGHGWKDWLVZKHQ
GDWDLVEHLQJWUDQVPLWWHGRYHUWKHP>@,ILWLVQHFHVVDU\WR
WUDQVPLWGDWDWKHVRXUFHQRGHVWDUWVEURDGFDVWLQJDPHVVDJH
D SUREH :KHQ SURFHVVLQJ LW WKH LQWHUPHGLDWH QRGHV DGG D
URXWH WR WKH VRXUFH QRGH UHYHUVH URXWH  DQG FRQWLQXH LWV
EURDGFDVW,IDSDFNHWLVUHFHLYHGDJDLQDORRSLVGHWHFWHGDQG
WKHPHVVDJHLVGHOHWHG:KHQWKHPHVVDJHSUREHUHDFKHVWKH
GHVWLQDWLRQ QRGH LW JHQHUDWHV D FRQILUPDWLRQ PHVVDJH DQG
VHQGV LW DORQJ WKH DOUHDG\ IRUPHG UHWXUQ URXWH >@ :KHQ
ZRUNLQJDFFRUGLQJWRWKLVVFKHPHDQLQFUHDVHLQWKHSDFNHW
VL]H RFFXUV ZLWK DQ LQFUHDVH LQ WKH QXPEHU RI LQWHUPHGLDWH
QRGHVSDVVHG ZKLFK LVDQREYLRXVGLVDGYDQWDJH7KHUHIRUH
WKH FDFKHG URXWH ODEHO LV XVHG >@ WR FRPSHQVDWH IRU WKLV
SDUWLFXODU IHDWXUH GXULQJ UHWUDQVPLVVLRQV ZKLFK UHGXFHV
RYHUKHDGFRVWVIRUWUDIILFWUDQVPLVVLRQ
$QRWKHU H[DPSOH RI D UHDFWLYH SURWRFRO LV $2'9 >@
7KLVSURWRFROXVHVDGLIIHUHQWPHFKDQLVPRIURXWHVIRUPDWLRQ )LJ VIUDPHIRUPDW
7KHSURWRFROFUHDWHVURXWLQJWDEOHVDWHDFKQRGHRIWKHQHWZRUN
PHPEHU 7KH VKRUWHVW URXWHV WR HDFK QRGH RI WKH ZLUHOHVV 7KHGLVDGYDQWDJHVRI+:03DVDK\EULGSURWRFROLVWKH
QHWZRUN DUH HQWHUHG LQWR WKHVH WDEOHV WKURXJK HDFK QHHGWRSDUWLWLRQWKHQHWZRUNLQWRFOXVWHUVZKLFKFRPSOLFDWHV
QHLJKERULQJ QRGH (DFK QRGH H[FKDQJHV URXWH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKHLQLWLDOGHSOR\PHQWRIWKHQHWZRUNDQGLWVVXSSRUW
ZLWK QHLJKERULQJ QRGHV $V LQ '65 WKH $2'9 SURWRFRO 6HYHUDO SRSXODU SURWRFROV DV &-'16 %$70$1
HVWDEOLVKHV URXWHV ZKHQ WKH\ DUH QHFHVVDU\ DQG ZLWK WKH '71 1SYB+7 1HWVXNXNX  DQG 263) DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ
H[SLUDWLRQRIWKHWLPHUXQXVHGURXWHVDUHUHPRYHGIURPWKH 7DEOH,WRFRPSDUHWKHLUIXQFWLRQDOLW\>@
WDEOHV &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH SURWRFRO KDV WKH GLVDGYDQWDJH RI
GHOD\LQJWKHLQLWLDOVHDUFKIRUDURXWH 7$%/(, 5287,1*35272&2/)81&7,21$/,7<&203$5,6217$%/(
C. Hybrid routing protocols Protocol
7KHVH URXWLQJ SURWRFROV FRPELQH UHDFWLYH DQG SURDFWLYH Functionality
CJDNS
B.A.T.
M.A.N
DTN
Npv7_HT OSPF
SURWRFRO PHFKDQLVPV +\EULG SURWRFRO RSHUDWLRQ VFKHPH $XWR 1R 1R <HV 1R
LPSOLHV VHSDUDWLRQ RI 0HVK QHWZRUNV LQWR ]RQHV  FOXVWHUV GHVWLQDWLRQ <HV
:LWKLQWKHVHFOXVWHUVDSURDFWLYHSURWRFROLVIXQFWLRQLQJEXW DGGUHVV
WKHURXWHVEHWZHHQFOXVWHUVDUHEXLOWWKURXJKUHDFWLYHSURWRFRO $XWR <HV <HV <HV <HV SDUWLDOO\
FRQILJXUDWLRQ
7KHDGYDQWDJHRIVXFKDVKDUHGZRUNVFKHPHLVWRUHGXFH URXWLQJ
WKHSURWRFROWUDIILFVHUYLFHWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIZKLFKLVOLPLWHG 'LVWULEXWHG <HV <HV <HV <HV SDUWLDOO\
E\WKHERXQGDULHVRIWKHFOXVWHUWRZKLFKWKHQRGHEHORQJV)RU PDUVKDOOLQJ
,3Y,3Y ,3Y <HV <HV ,3Y ,3Y
WKHVDPHUHDVRQWKHVL]HRIWKHURXWLQJWDEOHVRQHDFKQRGHLV 7UDIILF <HV 1R 1R 1R 1R
UHGXFHG,WLVH[SHFWHGWKDWWKHVHEHQHILWVVKRXOGEHFRPHPRUH HQFU\SWLRQ
SURQRXQFHG DV WKH VL]H RI WKH 0HVK QHWZRUN LQFUHDVHV $Q $XWRWXQLQJ <HV <HV <HV 1R <HV
H[DPSOH RI D K\EULG SURWRFRO LV WKH +\EULG :LUHOHVV 0HVK /,18;VXSSRUW <HV <HV <HV <HV <HV
3URWRFRO +:03  7KLV SURWRFRO FRPELQHV UHDFWLYH DQG :LQGRZV <HV 1R 1R 1R 1R
SURDFWLYH PHFKDQLVPV EDVHGRQ WKH $2'9SURWRFRO ZKLFK VXSSRUW
0DF 26 ; <HV <HV <HV <HV <HV
KDVEHHQUHILQHGIRU0HVKQHWZRUNV7KHGHVFULSWLRQRIWKLV VXSSRUW
SURWRFRO LV DOUHDG\ LQ WKH ,((( V VWDQGDUG DQG LW LV 5HTXLUHPHQW WR /RZ /RZ /RZ +LJK /RZ
DOUHDG\ PDQGDWRU\ IRU WKLV VWDQGDUG DV WKH GHIDXOW SURWRFRO FRPSXWLQJ
>@7KH0HVK,(((VQHWZRUNIUDPHIRUPDWLVDOPRVW UHVRXUFHV
LGHQWLFDO WR WKH ,(((  VWDQGDUG IUDPH IRUPDW 7KH /LQX[ NHUQHO 1R <HV 1R 1R <HV
VWUXFWXUH RI WKH IUDPH KHDGHUV RI ERWK W\SHV FRPSOHWHO\ LQWHJUDWLRQ
1HWZRUNLQJ <HV 1R 1R 1R 1R
FRLQFLGHV7KHIUDPHGLIIHUHQFHLVLQWKHSD\ORDGILHOGZKLFK RYHUWKH,QWHUQHW
LQ WKH FDVH RI WKH V IUDPH DFFRPPRGDWHV WKH 0HVK
KHDGHUDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKLVILHOG7KLVKHDGHULVSUHVHQWLQ %DVHGRQWKHDERYHFRPSDULVRQWKHIXQFWLRQDOLW\RIWKH
IUDPHV RQO\ ZKHQ VKLSSHG EHWZHHQ WKH 0HVK QRGHV RI WKH SURWRFROFDQEHRQHRIWKHGHWHUPLQLQJFULWHULD
QHWZRUN 7KH FRQWHQW RI WKH 0HVK KHDGHU FRQVLVWV RI IRXU
ILHOGV 7KH IODJ ILHOG FRQWUROV WKH SURFHVVLQJ RI WKH KHDGHU ,,, 5287,1*35272&2/0(75,&6
LWVHOI&XUUHQWO\RXWRIELWVDUHXVHGZKLFKDUHUHVSRQVLEOH
IRUGHWHUPLQLQJWKHVL]HRIWKH0HVKDGGUHVV7KH77/ILHOGLV 7RGD\PDQ\PHWULFVKDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGVSHFLILFDOO\IRU
UHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHUHPDLQLQJQXPEHURIVKLSPHQWVEHIRUHWKH 0HVKQHWZRUNV>@
IUDPH LV GHVWUR\HG 7KH 0HVK VHTXHQFH QXPEHU SUHYHQWV 1) Hop Count: ,V WKH PHWULF RI WKH VKRUWHVW ZD\ 7KLV
GXSOLFDWH IUDPHV IURP EHLQJ VHQW GXULQJ PXOWLFDVW RU PHWULF LV XVHG LQ WKH DERYHPHQWLRQHG $2'9 '65
EURDGFDVW7KH0(6+DGGUHVVH[WHQVLRQILHOGLVLQWHQGHGIRU SURWRFROV
DGGLWLRQDODGGUHVVHVRIWKHWUDIILFVRXUFHDQGLWVGHVWLQDWLRQLI
RQHRUERWKRIWKHPDUHQRWPHPEHUVRIWKH0HVKQHWZRUN


,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6(7 2FWREHU6KDK$ODP0DOD\VLD

2) ETX (Expected Transmission Count):7KH(7;PHWULF 2) Jitter ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011): ,3'9 ,3 'HOD\
GHWHUPLQHVWKHQXPEHURIUHTXLUHGGDWDSDFNHWWUDQVPLVVLRQV 9DULDWLRQ LVWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHFXUUHQW,37'YDOXH
WR HQVXUH JXDUDQWHHG GHOLYHU\ YLD FRPPXQLFDWLRQ FKDQQHOV DQGWKHPLQLPXP,37'YDOXH)RUPXOD  
DQG LV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WKH IRUPXOD ETX = 1 / (Df * Dr)
ZKHUH'ILVWKHVXFFHVVUDWHRIWKHSDFNHWIRUZDUGLQJDQG'U IPDV IPTDac —IPTDmin (3)
LV WKH UHWXUQ UDWH RI WKH VXFFHVVIXO IRUZDUGLQJ 7KHVH
FRHIILFLHQWVLQWXUQDUHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJUHJXODUSURELQJE\ :KHUH
VHUYLFHSDFNHWVE\HDFKQRGHWRZDUGVLWVQHLJKERUV ,3'9±-LWWHU
3) ETT (Expected Transmission Time): 7KHPHWULFWDNHV
LQWRDFFRXQWWKHVL]HRIXVHUGDWDSDFNHWVDQGEDQGZLGWK7KH ,37'DF±&XUUHQW'HOD\9DOXH
PHWULF LV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WKH IRUPXOD ETT = ETX * Size / ,37'PLQ±0LQLPXPGHOD\YDOXH
Bandwidth7KH(77RIWKHHQWLUHURXWHLVFDOFXODWHGDVWKH
3) Reliability ITU-T Y.1540: 5HOLDELOLW\FDQEHFDOFXODWHG
VXP RI DOO (77 LQWHUPHGLDWH QRGHV $ ORZHU PHWULF YDOXH
DVWKHUDWLRRIQHWZRUNDYDLODELOLW\WRGDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQLQWKH
PHDQVDEHWWHUPHWULF
WLPHLQWHUYDOGXULQJZKLFKWKHPHDVXUHPHQWLVPDGHWRWKH
4) Airtime Link Metric: 7KH,(((VVWDQGDUGIRU
VDPHLQWHUYDO)RUPXOD  
WKHFRPSDWLELOLW\RIGDWDWUDQVIHUGHYLFHVSUHVFULEHVWKHXVH
RIWKH$LUWLPH/LQN0HWULF WUDQVPLVVLRQWLPHSHUFKDQQHO DV
K TavTmax (4)
DGHIDXOWPHWULF7KHPHWULFLVFDOFXODWHGE\WKHIRUPXOD  
>@ :KHUH
C = (Ο + Βt / r) ∗ 1 /(1 — ef) (1) 7DY±WKHDYDLODELOLW\RIQHWZRUNLQIUDVWUXFWXUHWRWUDQVPLW
WUDIILFRIDSDUWLFXODUFODVV
:KHUH 7PD[±7KHWLPHLQWHUYDOGXULQJZKLFKWKHPHDVXUHPHQW
&PHWULFLVWKHSDFNHWWUDQVPLVVLRQWLPHLQVHFRQGV LVPDGH
2±RYHUKHDGIRUWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHWUDQVIHUIUDPH 4) Packet loss ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011): ,3/5 ,3 ORVV
LQWKHFKDQQHO UDWLR SDFNHWORVVUDWLR7KLVUDWLRLVFDOFXODWHGDVWKHUDWLR
RIORVWSDFNHWVWRWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIWUDQVPLWWHGSDFNHWVLQ
%W±)UDPHVL]HLQELWV
WKHREVHUYHGWLPHLQWHUYDO)RUPXOD  
U±%LWUDWH 0EV 
HI LV WKH IUDPH HUURU SUREDELOLW\ 7KH PHWKRG IRU IPLR lostPacketsSum PacketsSum (5)
GHWHUPLQLQJWKLVSDUDPHWHULVQRWJLYHQLQWKHVWDQGDUG
:KHUH
,9 3(5)250$1&(&/$66,),&$7,21
,3/5±SDFNHWORVVUDWLR
6WDQGDUGVIRUQHWZRUNVHUYLFHTXDOLW\LQGLFDWRUVZHUHSUH
HVWDEOLVKHG EDVHG RQ WKH JXLGHOLQHV RI ,787 < ORVW3DFNHWV6XP ± WKHDPRXQW RI ORVW SDFNHWV7KH YDOXH
5HFRPPHQGDWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WDUJHW YDOXHV RI ,3 FDQ EH FDOFXODWHG DV WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH VXP RI
QHWZRUN SHUIRUPDQFH LQGLFDWRUV  GHYHORSHG E\ WKH UHFHLYHGSDFNHWVDQGWKHDPRXQWVHQW
,QWHUQDWLRQDO7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ8QLRQ ,78 >@ 3DFNHWV6XP±WKHDPRXQWRIWUDQVPLWWHGSDFNHWV
< GHVFULEHV WKH VWDQGDUG FKDUDFWHULVWLFV IRU GDWD 5) IPER (IP error ratio): 7KHUDWLRRIGDPDJHGSDFNHWV
WUDQVPLVVLRQLQ,3EDVHGQHWZRUNV>@ ZKLFK FDQ EH FDOFXODWHG E\ WKH IRUPXOD   LQ WKH VHOHFWHG
<SURYLGHVDJHQHUDOGHVFULSWLRQDVZHOODVWDVNVDQG WLPHLQWHUYDO
SURFHGXUHV IRU WUDIILF FRQWURO DQG FRQJHVWLRQ FRQWURO LQ ,3
EDVHGQHWZRUNV>@ IPER errPacketsSumerrPacketsSum
rxPacketsSum (6)
1) Network latency ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011):,VWKHWLPH
LQWHUYDO REWDLQHG DV WKH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH WLPH RI :KHUH
UHFHLYLQJDGDWDSDFNHWDQGWKHWLPHLWZDVVHQW&DOFXODWHG
E\WKHIRUPXOD   ,3(5±WKHUDWLRRIGDPDJHGSDFNHWV
HUU3DFNHWV6XP±WKHDPRXQWRIGDPDJHGSDFNHWVUHFHLYHG
IPTD T2—T1 (2) RQWKHDGGUHVVHH¶VLQWHUIDFHGXULQJWKHREVHUYDWLRQSHULRG

:KHUH U[3DFNHWV6XP LV WKH VXP RI UHFHLYHG SDFNHWV ZLWKRXW


HUURUV
,37'±,3WUDQVIHUGHOD\
6) Bandwidth. ITU-T Y.1221 (06/2010): 7KLV LV WKH
7±WLPHWRUHFHLYHWKHSDFNDJH DPRXQWRIGDWDGHOLYHUHGLQDFHUWDLQSHULRGRIWLPH
7±SDFNDJHGHSDUWXUHWLPH 7) Quality of service in the network: $Q\WUDIILFIORZWKH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIZKLFKVDWLVI\WKHSHUIRUPDQFHYDOXHVRIWKH
FRUUHVSRQGLQJ FODVV RI VHUYLFH JLYHQ LQ 7DEOH ,, FDQ EH


,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6(7 2FWREHU6KDK$ODP0DOD\VLD

FRQVLGHUHG DV IXOO\ FRPSOLDQW ZLWK WKH ,787 < 7KHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQQRGHV7DQG7LVPHWHUV


UHJXODWRU\UHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUWKLVFODVV 7DEOH,,,VKRZVWKHSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWVFHQDULR
IRURXUPRGHOZKLFKDUHGHWHUPLQHGIURPWKHGRZQORDGDEOH
7$%/(,, 5(*8/$725<3$5$0(7(59$/8(6)2575$)),&&/$66(6
QHWZRUN WRSRORJ\ 7KH YDOXHV JLYHQ DUH LGHQWLFDO IRU HDFK
Parameter
Service Classes LQYROYHGURXWLQJSURWRFRO
Class0 Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4 Class5
,37' PV PV PV PV V  7$%/(,,, (;3(5,0(176&5,373$5$0(7(56
,3'9 PV PV    
,3/5 [  ,37' 77 GHOD\ PV
,3(5 [  ,3'9MLWWHU PV
,3/5SDFNHWORVVUDWH 
7KHYDOXHVVKRZQLQWKHWDEOHDUHWKHPD[LPXPDOORZHG ,3(5SDFNHWORVVUDWHZLWKHUURUV 
IRUWKHDYHUDJH,37'GHOD\,3'9DQG,3/5,787< %LWUDWHVSHHGRIHDFKSDFNHW .ELW
UHFRPPHQGV D PLQLPXP REVHUYDWLRQ LQWHUYDO )RU H[DPSOH
1XPEHURIWKUHDGV WR
IRUWHOHSKRQ\LWLVVHFRQGVDWDGDWDWUDQVIHUUDWHRIWR
)ORZPHDVXUHPHQWWLPH V
SDFNHWVSHUVHFRQG
1RGHVGHVWLQDWLRQDQGVRXUFHRIVWUHDPV 77
:H FDQ XVH WKH UHVXOWLQJ VHW RI YDOXHV DV FRQWURO SRLQWV
ZKHQ FRQGXFWLQJ DQ H[SHULPHQW ZLWK RXU 0HVK QHWZRUN 7KH ,37' ,3'9 ,3/5 DQG ,3(5 YDOXHV DUH WKH
PRGHO)RUGHILQLWHQHVVZHZLOOXVHWKHSDUDPHWHUVVSHFLILHG PD[LPXPDOORZDEOHYDOXHVIRUHDFKVWUHDPDQGWKH%LWUDWHLV
LQUHFRPPHQGDWLRQ<IRU*YRLFHWUDIILFQDPHO\ WKHPLQLPXPIORZUDWH
,37'±PV,3/5±%LWUDWH±NELWIRUQHWZRUN 7KH16RIIHUVDEQDFVWDQGDUGVQLQWKH
FODVV  DQG*+=UDQJH'XULQJWKHH[SHULPHQWIRUGHILQLWHQHVVZH
9 ,03/(0(17$7,212)7+($66(660(17 ZLOOXVHQB*+=
0(7+2' )RURXUWRSRORJ\ZHZLOOXVHWKHDGGUHVVUDQJH
7R DVVHVV WKH DSSOLFDELOLW\ RI WKH URXWLQJ SURWRFROV RI ,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWWKH&DUWHVLDQFRRUGLQDWHV\VWHPLV
0(6+ QHWZRUNV D 16 1HWZRUN 6LPXODWRU  ± D IUHH XVHGLQ16
OLFHQVHVRIWZDUHGLVWULEXWHGXQGHUWKH³*18*3/YOLFHQVH´ 
VLPXODWLRQ PHWKRG ZDV FKRVHQ ZKLFK LPSOHPHQWV UHDFWLYH 7KH FRRUGLQDWHV RI RXU WRSRORJ\ DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH
DQG SURDFWLYH PHFKDQLVPV IRU URXWLQJ SURWRFROV RI 0HVK :*6V\VWHPXVHGE\JRRJOHIRULWVPDSV
QHWZRUNVVXFKDV$2'9DQG2/65
9, $1$/<6,62)7+(5(68/762%7$,1('
6HUYLFHV VXFK DV ³0DSV\DQGH[UX´ <0DSV0/ <DQGH[ $ WRWDO RI  PHDVXUHPHQWV ZHUH PDGH IRU HDFK W\SH RI
0DSV 0DUNXS /DQJXDJH  DQG ³PDSVJRRJOHFRP´ .0/ SURWRFRO $W HDFK LWHUDWLRQ WKH QXPEHU RI WKUHDGV ZDV
.H\KROH 0DUNXS /DQJXDJH  SURYLGH D FRQYHQLHQW ZD\ WR LQFUHDVHGE\
SODFH \RXU RZQ ODEHOV RQ PDSV IRU WKH GHVLJQHG 0(6+
QHWZRUN%RWKVHUYLFHVDOORZ\RXWRH[SRUWDGDWDVHWWR;0/ (DFKSURWRFROZDVHYDOXDWHGXQGHUHTXDOFRQGLWLRQVZLWK
,Q  .0/ ZDV SXEOLVKHG DV DQ 2*& VWDQGDUG 2SHQ WKHVDPHPRGHOVRIVLJQDODWWHQXDWLRQDQGHUURUKDQGOLQJZLWK
*HRVSDWLDO&RQVRUWLXP >@ WKHVDPHVWDUWXSLQWHUYDOVDQGWKHWLPHRIWKHLUH[LVWHQFH7KH
UHVXOWVDUHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHIRUPRIDSLYRW7DEOH,9
)RU WKH SXUSRVH RI WKH H[SHULPHQW D WRSRORJ\ ZLWK D
FRYHUDJHDUHDRIDERXWKHFWDUHVDQGFRPSULVLQJQRGHV 7$%/(,9 75$)),&)/2:&+$5$&7(5,67,&6
ZDVFRPSLOHG7KHWRSRORJ\GLDJUDPLVVKRZQLQ)LJ
Number of 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3
threads
,37''HOD\
$2'9,37'        
2/65,37'        
,3'9-LWWHU
$2'9,3'9        
2/65,3'9        
,3/5 /RVV
5DWLR
$2'9,3/5        
       
2/65,3/5        
,3(5 (UURU
5DWLR
$2'9,3(5        
2/65,3(5        
5[%LWUDWH
.ESV
)LJ 1HWZRUNWRSRORJ\GLDJUDP $2'9        
U[BELWUDWH
7DFWLQJDVDJDWHZD\ 033  2/65        
U[BELWUDWH
7 LV WKH PRVWUHPRWH QRGH LQ WKH QHWZRUN IURP WKH7
JDWHZD\


,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6(7 2FWREHU6KDK$ODP0DOD\VLD

A. Packet loss rate (IPLR parameter)


7KHUHVXOWVVKRZWKDWQHWZRUNSHUIRUPDQFHLVVLJQLILFDQWO\
GLIIHUHQW ZKHQ DSSO\LQJ WKH URXWLQJ SURWRFROV $2'9 DQG
2/65 RQ WKLV QHWZRUN WRSRORJ\ :KHQ XVLQJ WKH $2'9
SURWRFROWKHQHWZRUNGRHVQRWPHHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH
WUDIILF IORZV XVHG LQ RXU WHVW VFHQDULR IRU WKH ,3/5 /RVW
3DFNHW 5DWLR  FKDUDFWHULVWLF VLJQLILFDQWO\ H[FHHGLQJ WKH
DOORZHGYDOXHRI$VLWFDQEHVHHQIURPWKHGDWDRIWKH
WDEOH DQG JUDSK LQ )LJ  $W WKH VDPH WLPH 2/65 RQ WKH
FRQWUDU\ GHPRQVWUDWHV VDWLVIDFWRU\ SHUIRUPDQFH RQ WKLV
SDUDPHWHU

)LJ 1HWZRUN'HOD\6XPPDU\

7KXVZKHQXVLQJ2/65QHWZRUNODWHQF\DQGIORZUDWHV
DUHPDLQWDLQHGZLWKLQWKHDOORZDEOHLQWHUYDOZKHQWHVWLQJXS
WRIORZVLQFOXVLYH
C. Delay variation (Jitter)
,QGLFDWRUV REWDLQHG GXULQJ WKH H[SHULPHQW RQ WKH ,3'9
SDUDPHWHU DUH ZLWKLQ WKH DOORZDEOH UDQJH RI YDOXHV ZKHQ
WHVWLQJ XS WR  VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ ODXQFKHG WKUHDGV LQFOXVLYH
)LJ

)LJ 3DFNHW/RVV5DWLR*UDSK

B. Network latency and traffic flow rates (Delay)


)RU WKLV SDUDPHWHU WKH $2'9 LQGLFDWRUV DUH ZLWKLQ WKH
DOORZDEOH YDOXHV EXW WKH IORZ UDWH LV EHORZ WKH DOORZDEOH
YDOXH RI  .ESV :KHQ XVLQJ 2/65 WKH QHWZRUN ODWHQF\
YDOXHLVZLWKLQDFFHSWDEOHOLPLWVZLWKFRQFXUUHQWO\H[HFXWHG
WKUHDGV)LJ

)LJ 'HOD\YDULDWLRQJUDSK-LWWHU ,3'9 

D. Traffic flow rate


:KHQ HYDOXDWLQJ WKH IORZ UDWHV LW VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW
GXULQJ WKH H[SHULPHQW XVLQJ WKH $2'9 SURWRFRO WKH IORZ
UDWHV GLG QRW VDWLVI\ WKH VFULSW UHTXLUHPHQWV LQ DOO WHVWLQJ
DWWHPSWV 7KHUH DUH DOVR VWURQJ IOXFWXDWLRQV LQ WKH REWDLQHG
YDOXHV IRU WKH SURWRFRO UHODWLYH WR WKH 2/65 ZKLFK LV
REYLRXVO\ GXH WR WKH KLJK SDFNHW ORVV UDWH ,3/5  7KH
FXPXODWLYH JUDSK SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ  LOOXVWUDWHV WKH
)LJ 1HWZRUN'HOD\*UDSK
UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHSDFNHWORVVUDWHDQGELWUDWH %LWUDWH 
ZKHQXVLQJWKH$2'9SURWRFROLQWKHQHWZRUN
1HWZRUNODWHQF\ZKHQXVLQJWKH2/65SURWRFROLQFUHDVHV
ZKHQ WHVWLQJ XS WR  IORZV LQFOXVLYH EXW WKHQ GHFUHDVHV
IROORZLQJ D GHFUHDVH LQ WKH IORZ UDWH DV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKH
VXPPDU\FKDUWLQ)LJ

)LJ 6XPPDU\*UDSK,3/5%LWUDWH


,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\ ,&6(7 2FWREHU6KDK$ODP0DOD\VLD

7KXVGHVSLWHWKHIDFWWKDWWKHREWDLQHGQHWZRUNGHOD\DQG >@ <  1HWZRUN SHUIRUPDQFH REMHFWLYHV IRU ,3EDVHG VHUYLFHV


MLWWHU YDOXHV ZKHQ XVLQJ WKH $2'9 SURWRFRO DUH ZLWKLQ (OHFWURQLF'RFXPHQWKWWSVZZZLWXLQWUHF75(&<
,HQ 
DFFHSWDEOH OLPLWV WKLV SURWRFRO FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG QRW
>@ 7KH '\QDPLF 6RXUFH 5RXWLQJ 3URWRFRO '65  IRU 0RELOH $G +RF
DSSOLFDEOHIRUWKHQHWZRUNWRSRORJ\VSHFLILHGLQWKHVFHQDULR 1HWZRUNV IRU ,3Y (OHFWURQLF 'RFXPHQW
ZLWKWKHW\SHRIWUDIILFEHLQJWHVWHG KWWSVWRROVLHWIRUJKWPOUIF 
>@ :L)L 0HVK QHWZRUN IRU WKH VPDOOHVW (OHFWURQLF 'RFXPHQW
9,,&21&/86,21 KWWSKDEUDKDEUUXSRVW
'XULQJWKHVWXG\DPHWKRGWRHYDOXDWHWKHDSSOLFDELOLW\RI >@ &LVFR9LVXDO1HWZRUNLQJ,QGH[2SFLW
G\QDPLFURXWLQJSURWRFROVRQDJLYHQWRSRORJ\RIWKH0HVK >@ *0/ <0DSV0/ DQG .0/ (OHFWURQLF 'RFXPHQW
QHWZRUN ZDV GHYHORSHG DQG LPSOHPHQWHG EDVHG RQ WKH KWWSVWHFK\DQGH[UXPDSV\PDSVPOGRF[JXLGHFRQFHSWVODQJV
UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ GRFSDJH
8QLRQ ,787< $QH[SHULPHQWZLWKDQHWZRUNPRGHO >@ (6=DWVHSLQ2SFLW
ZDV FRQGXFWHG %DVHG RQ WKH UHVXOWV RI WKH H[SHULPHQW WKH >@ ,ELG
SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHSURSRVHGPHWKRGZDVGHWHUPLQHG >@ ,ELG
>@ --XQDQG0/6LFKLWLX2SFLW
7KHGHYHORSHGPHWKRGLVRISUDFWLFDOYDOXHIRUWKHGHVLJQ >@ = 1XUODQ 7 . =KXNDED\HYD DQG 0 2WKPDQ ³&RPSUHKHQVLYH
RI ZLUHOHVV 0(6+ QHWZRUNV DOORZLQJ \RX WR FKHFN IRU UHYLHZ RI URXWLQJ SURWRFROV LQ ZLUHOHVV DGKRF QHWZRUNV´ ;9,
FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI QHWZRUN DSSOLFDWLRQV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RI 6WXGHQWV *UDGXDWH 6WXGHQWV DQG <RXQJ
ZKHQSODQQLQJDWRSRORJ\:KDWFDQDOORZLQDGYDQFHWRPDNH 6FLHQWLVWVYROSS±
WKHQHFHVVDU\FKDQJHV
5()(5(1&(6
>@ =6$EO\DOLPRYDDQG'08UD]DOL\HYD³5RXWLQJLQPHVKQHWZRUNV
EDVHG RQ FKDRWLF UDGLR SXOVHV´ ,9 $OO5XVVLDQ &RQIHUHQFH
5DGLRORFDWLRQDQG5DGLR&RPPXQLFDWLRQYROSS±
>@ 99LVKQHYVN\'/DNRQWVHY$6DIRQRYDQG66KSLOHY³5RXWLQJLQ
EURDGEDQG ZLUHOHVV 0(6+ QHWZRUNV´ (/(&7521,&6 6FLHQFH
7HFKQRORJ\%XVLQHVVYROSS±
>@ (6=DWVHSLQ³2YHUYLHZRIWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIURXWLQJSURWRFROVLQ
PHVKQHWZRUNV´,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI([SHULPHQWDO(GXFDWLRQYRO
SS±
>@ 1 $ .X]QHWVRY DQG 9 1 )HWLVRY ³'LMNVWUD
V DOJRULWKP ZLWK
LPSURYHG UREXVWQHVV IRU FRQWUROOLQJ URXWLQJ LQ ,3 QHWZRUNV´
$XWRPDWLRQDQG5HPRWH&RQWUROYROSS±
>@ 69/DUWVRY9(6WRO\DURY,$'\DFKHQNRDQG90.DU\XN
³2UJDQL]DWLRQ RI DXWRPDWHG SURFHVV FRQWURO V\VWHPV IRU GLVWULEXWHG
REMHFWVEDVHGRQZLUHOHVVVHQVRUQHWZRUNV´([SRVLWLRQ2LO*DVYRO
SS±0D\
>@ $ $ 3DYORY DQG , 2 'DWLHY ³:LUHOHVV 5RXWLQJ 3URWRFROV´
3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH.ROD6FLHQWLILF&HQWHURIWKH5XVVLDQ$FDGHP\RI
6FLHQFHVYROSS±
>@ * 9 3RSNRY ³0(6+QHWZRUNV GHYHORSPHQW SURVSHFWV SRVVLEOH
DSSOLFDWLRQV´&RPSXWHUVFLHQFHSUREOHPVYROSS±
>@ 0/6LFKLWLX³:LUHOHVVPHVKQHWZRUNVRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGFKDOOHQJH´
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH :LUHOHVV :RUOG &RQJUHVV 3DOR $OWR &$ 0D\

>@ - -XQ DQG 0 / 6LFKLWLX ³053 :LUHOHVV PHVK QHWZRUNV URXWLQJ
SURWRFRO´&RPSXWHU&RPPXQLFDWLRQV YROSS ±0D\

>@ 9 .LVDUD ³$ QHZ URXWLQJ PHWULF IRU ZLUHOHVV QHWZRUNV´ *UDGXDWH
7KHVHVDQG'LVVHUWDWLRQV
>@ */%\HRQJ&K6XQJK\XQ%URDGEDQG:LUHOHVV$FFHVVDQG/RFDO
1HWZRUNV0RELOH:LPD[DQG:LILVW(GLWLRQS
>@ $G KRF 2Q'HPDQG 'LVWDQFH 9HFWRU $2'9  5RXWLQJ (OHFWURQLF
'RFXPHQWKWWSVWRROVLHWIRUJKWPOUIF
>@ &LVFR 9LVXDO 1HWZRUNLQJ ,QGH[ )RUHFDVW DQG 7UHQGV (OHFWURQLF
'RFXPHQW KWWSZZZFLVFRFRPFHQXVVROXWLRQVFROODWHUDOVHUYLFH
SURYLGHUYLVXDOQHWZRUNLQJLQGH[YQLFRPSOHWHZKLWHSDSHUF
KWPO
>@ ,((( V,((( 6WDQGDUG IRU ,QIRUPDWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\
(OHFWURQLF 'RFXPHQW
KWWSVVWDQGDUGVLHHHRUJILQGVWGVVWDQGDUGVKWPO
>@ 0RELOH$GKRF1HWZRUNLQJ 0$1(7 5RXWLQJ3URWRFRO3HUIRUPDQFH
,VVXHV DQG (YDOXDWLRQ &RQVLGHUDWLRQV (OHFWURQLF 'RFXPHQW
KWWSVWRROVLHWIRUJKWPOUIF
>@ ,787 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV ,787 <   (OHFWURQLF
'RFXPHQW KWWSZZZLWXLQW,78
7UHFRPPHQGDWLRQVUHFDVS["UHF  ODQJ UX
>@ <7UDIILFFRQWURODQGFRQJHVWLRQFRQWUROLQ,3EDVHGQHWZRUNV
(OHFWURQLF'RFXPHQWKWWSZZZLWXLQWUHF75(&<,



You might also like