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dictionary and sets
Pearson Education , Edited by :Nouf Almunyif
Dictionaries
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Dictionaries
• Dictionaries are used to store data values in
key : value pairs.
• A dictionary is a collection which is ordered, changeable
and does not allow duplicates.
• Creating a dictionary is as simple as placing items inside curly braces {}
separated by commas.
• An item has a key and a corresponding value that is expressed as a pair
(key: value).
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Dictionaries
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Accessing Elements from Dictionary
• You can access the items of a dictionary by referring to its
key name, inside square brackets:
• Keys can be used with the get() method.
• Trying to access keys which doesn't exist throws error
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Using the in and not in Operators to Test
for a Value in a Dictionary
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Changing and Adding Dictionary elements
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Getting the Number of Elements in a Dictionary
You can use the built-in len function to get the number of elements in a
dictionary
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Mixing Data Types in a Dictionary
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Using the for Loop to Iterate over a Dictionary
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Some Dictionary Methods
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Dictionary Methods
• The keys() method will return a list of all the keys in the dictionary.
• The values() method will return a list of all the values in the
dictionary.
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Dictionary Methods
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SETS
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sets
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Creating a Set
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Creating a Set
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Creating a Set
For example, how would you create a set containing the elements 'one', 'two', and 'three'?
The following code does not accomplish the task, because you can pass no more than one
argument to the set function:
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Getting the Number of Elements in a Set
As with lists, tuples, and dictionaries, you can use the len function to
get the number of elements in a set
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Adding and Removing Elements
• Sets are mutable objects, so you can add items to them and remove
items from them. You use the add method to add an element to a set.
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Adding and Removing Elements
• You can add a group of elements to a set all at one time with the
update method.
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Adding and Removing Elements
• You can remove an item from a set with either the remove method or the discard method.
• The only difference between the two methods is how they behave when the specified item is not
found in the set. The remove method raises a KeyError exception, but the discard method does not
raise an exception
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Using the for Loop to Iterate over a Set
• You can use the for loop in the following general format to iterate over all the
elements
• in a set:
for var in set: You can use in and not in Operators to Test
for a Value in a Set
statement
statement
etc.
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العنوان الفرعي
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