ST.
PIUS X HIGH SCHOOL
RAMNAGAR, HYD.
SUB: SOCIAL STUDIES
LESSON: 14. Mughal Empire
CLASS: VII DATE:21-01-2021
MIND MAPPING
Important Mughal emperors
Babur (1526-1530 CE)
Humayun (1530-1556 CE)
Akbar (1556-1605 CE)
Jahangir (1605-1627 CE)
Shah Jahan (1627-1658 CE)
Aurangzeb (1658-1707 CE)
Asaf Jahis - Timeline
Nizam-ul-Mulk - 1st Nizam (1724-1748)
Nasar Jung - (1748-1751)
Muzafar Jung - (1751-1751)
Salabat Jung - (1751-1762)
Nizam Ali Khan - 2nd Nizam (1762-1803)
Sikandar Jah - 3rd Nizam (1803-1829)
Nasir-ud-Dowla - 4th Nizam (1829-1857)
Afzal-ud-Dowla - 5th Nizam (1857-1869)
Meer Mahaboob Ali Khan (1869-1911)
- 6th Nizam
Mir Osman Ali Khan (1911-1948) - 7th NizaM
Keywords
1. Mansabdar : The people who joined the Mughal administration and were given ranks.
2. Jagirdar : The officials directly appointed and controlled by the emperor to administer
the revenue segments called Jagirs.
3. Zabt : Akbar’s revenue minister, Todar Mal, carried out a careful survey of crop yields,
prices and areas cultivated for a period of ten-years, 1570-1580 CE. On the basis of this
data, tax was fixed in cash for each crop. Each province was divided into revenue circles
with its own schedule of revenue rates for individual crops. This revenue system was known
as zabt.
4. Elite : Something considered as more important.
5. Zamindar: The Mughals used one term – zamindars – to describe all the intermediaries,
whether they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains. Or Landlords
6. Sulh-i-kul: The ideology developed by Akbar, for better administration.
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1. What was the relationship between the mansabdar and his jagir? (AS1)
1. A jagir was a revenue assignment given as salary to the mansabdars.
2. The mansabdars had to collect revenue from their jagir.
3. However, they were forbidden from residing in it.
4. The revenue was collected for the mansabdars by their servants while the
mansabdars themselves served in some other part of the country.
2. What was the role of the zamindar in Mughal administration? (AS1)
1. The Mughals used one term – zamindars – to describe all the intermediaries, whether
they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains.
2. The zamindars were not appointed by the Mughal Emperors but existed on
hereditary basis, that is, sons succeeded when the fathers died.
3. They too had contingents of armed followers.
4. They received a share of the revenue collected by the jagirdars from the area and
also some dues from the farmers and others.
5. They often acted as representatives of the local people in dealing with the Mughal
officials.
3. How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s
ideas on governance? (AS1)
1. Akbar was interested in the religion and social customs of different people.
2. Akbar wanted to bring together people of diverse faiths.
3. Debates with religious scholars helped Akbar in framing the idea of sulh-i kul of
'universal peace'.
4. By using such a policy of tolerance Akbar was able to formulate governance
guidelines which were based on a system of ethics.
5. The Emperor would work for the welfare of all subjects irrespective of their religion
or social status.
6. This principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well.
4. Why did the Mughals allow the earlier rulers to continue in their old kingdoms as
before? (AS1)
1. Around the time when Mughals came to India, there were several kings and chiefs in
all parts of the country.
2. The Mughals sought to bring them under their control.
3. They allowed the older rulers and chiefs to continue to rule over large parts of their
old kingdoms and collected revenues from them.
4. But these rulers could not wage wars against each other and had to keep an army
ready for the use of the Emperor. Mughal rulers campaigned constantly against rulers
who refused to accept their authority.
5. But, as the Mughals became powerful, many other rulers had to surrender their
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sovereignty.
6. Mughals also employed the method of not removing their opponents after defeating.
7. This helped them to extend their influence over many kings and chieftains
5. Why was the policy of sulh-i kul important for the Mughals to control their vast
empire? (AS1)
1. Akbar was interested in the religion and social customs of different people.
2. Akbar wanted to bring together people of diverse faiths.
3. This eventually gave Akbar the idea of sulh-i kul or “universal peace”.
4. This idea of tolerance did not discriminate among people of different religions in his
kingdom. Instead, it focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice, peace – that
was universally applicable.
5. Abul Fazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance around this idea of sulh-i
kul.
6. The Emperor would work for the welfare of all subjects irrespective of their religion
or social status.
7. This principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well.
6. Read the first para under the title ‘Zabt and Zamindars’ on page 130 and comment on
it. (AS2)
1. The given para is about zabt and zamindar during Mughals rule.
2. The main source of income available to Mughal rulers was taxes on the produce of
the peasantry.
3. Akbar’s revenue minister, Todar Mal, carried out a careful survey of crop yields,
prices and areas cultivated for a period of ten-years, 1570-1580 CE.
4. On the basis of this data, tax was fixed in cash for each crop.
5. Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue
rates for individual crops.
6. This revenue system was known as zabt.
7. It was prevalent in those areas where Mughal administrators could survey the land
and keep very careful accounts.
8. This was not possible in provinces such as Gujarat and Bengal.
Do it in your own children. Refer Text Book Page no. 127
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