VICTORY 2024
FOR CLASS 10TH ICSE BOARD STUDENTS
HISTORY
GROWTH OF
NATIONALISM
Lecture No- 01 Shigraf Ma’am
Today’s Targets
1 What is Nationalism?
Factors leading to the growth of
2
Nationalism
What is Nationalism?
Feeling of oneness and common consciousness.
Such feeling emerges when people living in a common territory
share the same historical, political and cultural background.
Consider themselves as one nation.
Factors leading to the growth of Nationalism
Economic Exploitation
British aim- promote their own interest at the cost of Indians.
Peasants- main victims- high land revenue and other taxes.
Landlords and moneylenders exploited them.
Artisans and craftsmen- British policy was against the interest
of Indian trade and industry.
India became a source of raw materials for British industries
and finished products.
This policy crippled artisans and craftsmen.
Working Class- exploited by factory owners, who were
generally Englishmen.
Educated Indians- only employment was government service
on competition basis- no promotion avenues for high posts.
Indians felt that only solution of economic exploitation was to
free themselves from the British rule.
[Link] was a source of _______ for British
(a) Revenue
(b)Raw material
(c) High tax
(d)Market for British
Repressing Colonial Policies
Grand Delhi Darbar [1877]- Organized by Lord Lytton to
proclaim Queen Victoria as the Empress of India- Lakhs of
rupees spent on it while Indians were in the grip of a famine.
Vernacular Press Act [1878]- Introduced by Lord Lytton-
forbade Vernacular newspapers to publish any material
against the British government- not applicable to English
newspapers.
This Act was repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.
Indian Arms Act 1878- Introduced by Lord Lytton- offence
to carry arms without license but for Indians only and not for
British.
Indian Civil Service- maximum age limit for the Indians
reduced from 21 years to 19 years- made if difficult for
Indians to get selected.
Import duty on British textiles removed- harmed Indian
industries- unable to compete with British products.
Ilbert Bill 1883
Prepared by C.P. Ilbert- Law member of viceroy’s council-
provided for the trial of British or European persons by
Indian Judges- tried to introduce equality between Indian
and British judges in India.
Resented by British and started a association to defend
their privileges- counter agitation by Indians.
Ultimately, Government withdrew the Bill- highlighted the
racist attitude where interest of European community involved.
All these repressive policies provided a stimulus to political
agitations and quickened the pace of Indian Nationalism.
Q2. Indians Arms Act was introduced in the year?
(a) 1868
(b) 1888
(c) 1878
(d) 1858
Q. Indian Civil Services age was reduce from_____ to _____
(a) 21 to 18
(b) 30 to 25
(c) 21 to 19
(d) 25 to 20
Socio-Religious Reforms
Pioneers of Indian Nationalism.
Impact of western education made educated Indians to realise
the need to reform their religion and society.
Educated Indians believed that progress is possible only by
accepting best of the east and the west.
Various socio-religious movements to abolish caste system,
child marriage, dowry system, purdah system, sati and
infanticide, social and legal inequalities, religious
superstitions, idolatry, polytheism and hereditary priesthood.
Raja Rammohan Roy- Brahmo Samaj
Approach of Religion- unity of all religions-
studied Sanskrit and Hindu philosophy,
Quran and Persian and Arabic literature-
intensive study of western thought and
culture.
To learn Bible in original he learnt Greek
and Hebrew.
Wrote “Gift to Monotheists” in Persian- forward his views
against beliefs in many Gods- only one God.
He strongly held that all the principal ancient texts of the
Hindus preached monotheism. [Worship of one God]
Started ‘Atmiya Sabha’ in 1814- persistent struggle against
idols worship and meaningless religious rituals.
Founded ‘Brahmo Sabha’ in 1828 [later named Brahmo
Samaj]. Emphasis on prayer, meditation, charity, morality
and unity among all religions and creed.
Social Reforms
Discarded the rigidity of caste system, campaign for abolition
of sati and purdah system, condemned polygamy, discouraged
child marriage, advocated widow remarriage.
Influenced by him, William Bentinck passed a law 1829
making the practice of sati illegal and punishable by law.
Supporter of women’s rights- condemned subjugation of women,
pleaded for right of inheritance and property to women.
Staunch nationalist and pioneer of Indian journalism- number of
journals in Bengali, English, Hindi and Persian- started a Bengali
weekly “Sambad Kaumudi” and a newspaper in Persian called
“Mirat-ul-Akhbar”.
Political Rights
Demanded abolition of company’s trading rights and heavy
export duties on Indian goods- separation of executive and
judiciary- judicial equality between Indians and Europeans,
Indianisation of higher services.
Rabindra Nath Tagore described him as father of Indian
renaissance and prophet of Indian Nationalism.
Joytiba Phule
Urban educated of so-called low caste-
critical of Hindu religion and customs.
Upliftment of women- considered
women superior to men- pleaded for
women education.
He and his wife Savitri Bai Phule
started one of the first girls school in
Pune in 1851.
In 1854 established a school for untouchables, started a
private orphanage for widows- widow remarriage
movement in Maharashtra.
Considered the Indian caste system a symbol of slavery.
In his book “Gulamgiri” he described the hardships and
distress felt by the lower caste people.
Founded “Satya Shodhak Samaj” in 1873- pleaded for
securing social justice for the weaker sections of society.
Effects of socio-religious movements
on the growth of nationalism
Swami Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda
proclaimed the superiority of Indian culture and civilization.
Condemned untouchability and caste system- ideas of
brother-hood and equality attracted the so-called lower caste.
Not to ignore the importance of women.
Swami Dayanand Saraswati was the first to use the word
‘Swaraj’ and raised the slogan “India for the Indians”.
Role of the Press
Prominent newspapers like Amrit Bazar Patrika, The Bengali,
The tribune, The pioneer, The Times of India, The Hindu,
The statesman [All in English] played a significant role.
Many newspapers and magazines also brought out in
vernacular languages.
Message of patriotism, liberty, equality, freedom, home-rule
and independence spread among the people.
Daily criticism of unjust policies of the British government.
Exchange of views among different social groups throughout
the country made possible.
Brought awareness among Indians about what was happening
in the world.
Q. Brahma Sabha was made by?
(a) Swami Vivekanand
(b)Swami Dayadand
(c) Raja Rammohan Roy
(d)Jyotiba Phule
Q. To learn Bible in original language Raja Rammohan
Roy learnt which two languages?
(a) Hindi and English
(b) Sanskrit and Persian
(c)Greek and Hebrew.
(d) Bengali and Greek
Q. What were the benefits of press?
(a) Exchange of views and thoughts
(b)Ideas like liberty, equality, freedom spread among people.
(c) Brought awareness among people for growth of nationalism.
(d)All of these
Desh Bhakti Question
Q. What do understand by Nationalism?
(a)Aye meri zameen mehboob meri Meri nass nass
mein tera ishq bahe
(b)Bharat ka rehne wala hoon bharaty ki baat
sunata hoon.
(c) aye watan watan mere abaad rahe tu mai
jahan rahoon jahan me yaad rahe tu
(d)All of these
THANK YOU
