DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
I YEAR II SEM
19CAT608 – Java Programming
UNIT III – Networking and IO Packages
Topic 21: InetAddress
InetAddress in Java
Java InetAddress class represents an IP address. The
java.net.InetAddress class provides methods to get the IP of any host name
explicitly created, used, released by apps
Method Description
public static InetAddress It returns the instance of
getByName(String host) throws InetAddress containing
UnknownHostException LocalHost IP and name.
public static InetAddress It returns the instance of
getLocalHost() throws InetAdddress containing local
UnknownHostException host name and address.
It returns the host name of the
public String getHostName()
IP address.
It returns the IP address in
public String getHostAddress()
string format.
2
InetAddress in Java
Example:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class InetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
try{
InetAddress ip=InetAddress.getByName("www.javatpoint.com");
System.out.println("Host Name: "+ip.getHostName());
System.out.println("IP Address: "+ip.getHostAddress());
}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
3
Socket programming
Goal: learn how to build client/server application that communicate
using sockets
Socket API socket
introduced in BSD4.1 UNIX, 1981
a host-local, application-
explicitly created, used, released by created/owned,
apps OS-controlled interface (a
client/server paradigm “door”) into which
two types of transport service via application process can both send
socket API: and
receive messages to/from
unreliable datagram
another (remote or
reliable, byte stream-oriented
local) application process
2: Application Layer 4
Socket-programming using TCP
Socket: a door between application process and end-end-transport
protocol (UCP or TCP)
TCP service: reliable transfer of bytes from one process to
another
controlled by
controlled by process application
application process
developer
developer socket
socket TCP with controlled by
controlled by TCP with
buffers, operating
operating buffers, internet system
system variables variables
host or host or
server server
2: Application Layer 5
Socket programming with TCP
Client must contact server When client creates socket: client
server process must first be TCP establishes connection to server
running TCP
server must have created socket When contacted by client, server
(door) that welcomes client’s TCP creates new socket for server
contact process to communicate with client
allows server to talk with multiple
Client contacts server by:
clients
creating client-local TCP socket
specifying IP address, port number
of server process application viewpoint
TCP provides reliable, in-order
transfer of bytes (“pipe”)
between client and server
2: Application Layer 6
Socket programming with TCP
Example client-server app: Input stream: sequence of bytes into
client reads line from standard input process
(inFromUser stream) , sends to Output stream: sequence of bytes
server via socket (outToServer out of process
stream)
server reads line from socket
server converts line to uppercase,
sends back to client
client reads, prints modified line from
socket (inFromServer stream)
client socket
2: Application Layer 7
Client/server socket interaction: TCP
involves 3-way
Server (running on hostid) Client handshake
create socket, server client
port=x, for
incoming request:
welcomeSocket = open
ServerSocket()
open
TCP create socket,
wait for incoming
connection request connection setup connect to hostid, port=x
clientSocket =
connectionSocket =
welcomeSocket.accept() Socket()
send request using
read request from clientSocket
connectionSocket
write reply to
connectionSocket read reply from
clientSocket
close
connectionSocket close
clientSocket
2: Application Layer 8
Example: Java client (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;
Create
input stream BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Create
client socket, Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789);
connect to server
Create DataOutputStream outToServer =
output stream new DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
attached to socket
2: Application Layer 9
Example: Java client (TCP), cont.
Create BufferedReader inFromServer =
input stream new BufferedReader(new
attached to socket InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
Send line
to server outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + '\n');
Read line modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine();
from server
System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);
clientSocket.close();
}
}
2: Application Layer 10
Example: Java server (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String clientSentence;
Create String capitalizedSentence;
welcoming socket
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789);
at port 6789
Wait, on welcoming while(true) {
socket for contact
Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept();
by client
BufferedReader inFromClient =
Create input new BufferedReader(new
stream, attached InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream()));
to socket
2: Application Layer 11
Example: Java server (TCP), cont
Create output
stream, attached
DataOutputStream outToClient =
to socket
new DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());
Read in line
from socket clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine();
capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + '\n';
Write out line
outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence);
to socket
}
}
} End of while loop,
loop back and wait for
another client connection
2: Application Layer 12
Socket programming with UDP
UDP: no “connection” between client
and server
no handshaking
sender explicitly attaches IP application viewpoint
address and port of destination
UDP provides unreliable transfer
server must extract IP address,
of groups of bytes (“datagrams”)
port of sender from received
between client and server
datagram
UDP: transmitted data may be
received out of order, or lost
2: Application Layer 13
Client/server socket interaction: UDP
Server (running on hostid) Client
create socket, create socket,
port=x, for clientSocket =
incoming request: DatagramSocket()
serverSocket =
DatagramSocket()
Create, address (hostid, port=x,
send datagram request
using clientSocket
read request from
serverSocket
write reply to
serverSocket
read reply from
specifying client
clientSocket
host address,
port umber close
clientSocket
2: Application Layer 14
Example: Java client (UDP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class UDPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
Create
input stream BufferedReader inFromUser =
Create new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
client socket
DatagramSocket clientSocket = new DatagramSocket();
Translate
hostname to IP InetAddress IPAddress = InetAddress.getByName("hostname");
address using DNS
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
String sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
sendData = sentence.getBytes();
2: Application Layer 15
Example: Java client (UDP), cont.
Create datagram with
data-to-send, DatagramPacket sendPacket =
length, IP addr, port new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress, 9876);
Send datagram clientSocket.send(sendPacket);
to server
DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
Read datagram
clientSocket.receive(receivePacket);
from server
String modifiedSentence =
new String(receivePacket.getData());
System.out.println("FROM SERVER:" + modifiedSentence);
clientSocket.close();
}
}
2: Application Layer 16
Example: Java server (UDP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class UDPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
Create {
datagram socket
DatagramSocket serverSocket = new DatagramSocket(9876);
at port 9876
byte[] receiveData = new byte[1024];
byte[] sendData = new byte[1024];
while(true)
{
Create space for
received datagram DatagramPacket receivePacket =
new DatagramPacket(receiveData, receiveData.length);
Receive serverSocket.receive(receivePacket);
datagram
2: Application Layer 17
Example: Java server (UDP), cont
String sentence = new String(receivePacket.getData());
Get IP addr
port #, of InetAddress IPAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
sender int port = receivePacket.getPort();
String capitalizedSentence = sentence.toUpperCase();
sendData = capitalizedSentence.getBytes();
Create datagram
DatagramPacket sendPacket =
to send to client
new DatagramPacket(sendData, sendData.length, IPAddress,
port);
Write out
datagram serverSocket.send(sendPacket);
to socket }
}
} End of while loop,
loop back and wait for
another datagram
2: Application Layer 18
Chapter 2: Summary
Our study of network apps now complete!
application service specific protocols:
requirements: http
reliability, bandwidth, delay ftp
client-server paradigm smtp, pop3
Internet transport service dns
model socket programming
connection-oriented, reliable: client/server implementation
TCP using tcp, udp sockets
unreliable, datagrams: UDP
2: Application Layer 19
Chapter 2: Summary
Most importantly: learned about protocols
typical request/reply message
control vs. data msgs
exchange:
in-based, out-of-band
client requests info or service
centralized vs. decentralized
server responds with data,
stateless vs. stateful
status code
reliable vs. unreliable msg transfer
message formats:
“complexity at network edge”
headers: fields giving info about
security: authentication
data
data: info being communicated
2: Application Layer 20
