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06EC72

Seventh Semester D.E. Degree Examination, December 2010

Optical Fiber Communication

Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:l00

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.

PART-A

1 a. What are the advantages of optical fiber communication? (06 Marks)

b. Explain the structure of single mode and multi mode step index and graded-index optical
fibers with cross section and ray path. (07 Marks)
C. What are the different fiber materials used in optical communication? Explain briefly.
(07 Marks)

2 a. Explain the different types of bending losses in optical fiber. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the material dispersion in optical waveguides. (06 Marks)
c. Explain the following parameters on optical fiber:
i) Absorption
ii) Scattering loss (06 Marks)

3 a. With schematic of an edge-emitting double heterojunction LED, explain the operation.

(06 Marks)
b. Give comparison between LED and laser diode considering the different parameters.
(06 Marks)
c. A given APD has a quantum efficiency of 65% at wavelength of 900 nm. If 0.5 microwatt of
optical power produces a multiplied photo current of 10 micro Amps, find the multiplication
factor M. (08 Marks)

4 a. Explain the mechanical misalignment between two fibers. (06 Marks)

b. An optical source has refractive index of 3.6 and is coupled to a fiber of 1.48 refractive
index. Consider the medium between fiber and source has similar index as that of fiber.
Calculate Fresnel reflection and loss of power in dBs. (06 Marks)
c. Explain the following briefly:
i) Fiber splices
ii) Fiber connectors. (08 Marks)

PART-B

5 a. With a neat diagram, explain the operation of transimpedance preamplifier equivalent

circuit. (06 Marks)
<1.l
o b. An In GaAs PIN photodiode has the following parameters at a wavelength of 1300 nm :
z ID = 4 nA, TJ = 0.9, RL = 1000 n and the surface leakage current is negligible. The incident
~o optical power is 300 nw (-35 dBm) and the receiver bandwidth is 20 MHz. Find the various
c..
.5 noise terms of the receiver. (08 Marks)
c. Explain the analog receiver briefly. (06 Marks)

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06EC72

6 a. With a diagram, explain the operation of multichannel AM briefly. (06 Marks)

b. Explain the radio over fiber concept of a broadband wireless access network for
interconnecting antenna base stations with the central controlling office. (07 Marks)
c. What is rise time budget? Explain. Derive an expression for total rise time or total system
rise time (tsys). (07 Marks)

7 a. Explain the implementation of a typical WDM network containing various types of optical
amplifiers. (06 Marks)
b. Explain the operation of a polarization-independent isolator made of three miniature optical
components. (07 Marks)
c. Explain the operation of optical adding and dropping wavelengths with a 4 x 4 OADM
device that uses miniature switching mirrors. (07 Marks)

8 Write short notes on the following: (20 Marks)

a. Optical amplifier
b. Semiconductor optical amplifier
c. SONET / SDH network services
d. Optical interface.

*****

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 USN EC82

Eighth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, December 2010

Optical Fiber Communication

Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.

1 a. What are the advantages of optical fiber communication system? (06 Marks)

b. Explain with necessary diagrams, the different types of fiber structures. (08 Marks)

c. A lightwave is traveling in a semiconductor medium (GaAs) of refractive index 3.6. It is

incident on a different semiconductor medium (ALGaAs) of refractive index 3.4 and the
angle of incidence is 800• Will this result in total internal reflection? Comment on this result.
(06 Marks)

2 a. Discuss the following parameters for optical fibers:

i) Absorption ii) Waveguide dispersion iii) Material dispersion iv) Bending loss. (12 Marks)
b. Explain the term mode coupling in optical fiber. (04 Marks)

c. Find the radius of curvature R at which the number of modes decreases by 50 percent in a
graded index fiber. For this fiber a = 2, n2 = 1.5,!l = 0.01, a = 25 urn and wavelength of
guided light is 1.3 urn. (04 Marks)

3 a. Explain the operation of an edge-emitting double-heterojunction LED, with neat schematic

diagram. (06 Marks)

b. Derive an expression for internal quantum efficiency of LED and also an expression for
optical power generated internally in LED. (06 Marks)

c. A GaAs laser operating at 850 nm has a 500jlm length and a refractive index n = 3.7. What
are the frequency and wavelength spacing? (04 Marks)

d. Give comparison between PIN diode and Avalanche photodiode. (04 Marks)

4 a. Show that PLED, Step = P, (NA)2 for r, :S a. (10 Marks)

b. Describe the different types of mechanical misalignment between the two joined fibers.
(06 Marks)

c. The end faces of two optical fibers with core refractive indices of 1.50 are perfectly aligned
and have a small gap between them. This gap is filled with a gel having a refractive index of
1.30. Find the optical loss in decibels at this joint. (04 Marks)

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z 5 a. With a schematic diagram, explain the working of optical receiver. (08 Marks)
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t b. Discuss the possible sources of noise in optical receiver. (06 Marks)
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c. Discuss the different types of pre-amplifiers in optical receiver. (06 Marks)

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6 a. Explain the basic elements of an analog link with different noise contribution. (08 Marks)

b. What is subcarrier multiplexing? Explain briefly. (04 Marks)

c. Explain link power budget and system rise time budget analysis. (08 Marks)

7 a. For a multimode fiber link following parameters are recorded:

i) LED with drive circuit has rise time of 15 ns.
ii) LED spectral width = 40 run
iii) Material dispersion related rise time degradation = 21 ns over 6 km link.
iv) Receiver bandwidth = 25 MHz.
v) Modal dispersion rise time = 3.9 nsec.
Calculate the system rise time. (06 Marks)

b. Discuss the different types of line codes optical fiber communication. (06 Marks)

c. With a diagram, explain the structure of 2x2 fiber coupler. Also, discuss the construction of
8x8 star coupler formed by interconnecting twelve 2x2 couplers. (08 Marks)

8 a. A 32x32 star coupler is formed by interconnecting 2x2 couplers. If 5 percent of power is

lost in each coupler element, determine the total loss in the coupler. (05 Marks)

b. Write short notes on the following:

i) Wavelength division multiplexing
ii) Optical amplifiers
iii) Photonic switching. (15 Marks)

*****

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