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Synchro Converters

Synchro-converters convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and then back to AC. They are also known as 6-pulse converters and are used to drive large synchronous motors, making them applicable for marine electrical propulsion. The speed of synchronous motors, and thus the converter, can be controlled by varying the firing frequency of the thyristors. Voltage is controlled by varying the angle at which the thyristors are fired - the larger the firing angle, the lower the average output voltage, and the smaller the firing angle, the higher the average output voltage.

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Kapil Choudhary
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567 views5 pages

Synchro Converters

Synchro-converters convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and then back to AC. They are also known as 6-pulse converters and are used to drive large synchronous motors, making them applicable for marine electrical propulsion. The speed of synchronous motors, and thus the converter, can be controlled by varying the firing frequency of the thyristors. Voltage is controlled by varying the angle at which the thyristors are fired - the larger the firing angle, the lower the average output voltage, and the smaller the firing angle, the higher the average output voltage.

Uploaded by

Kapil Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYNCHRO CONVERTERS

DEFINITION OF CONVERTER:-
A “CONVERTER” UNDERTAKES THE PROCESS OF
CONTROLLED RECTIFICATION AND INVERSION.

CONVERTERS CONVERT:-
1) AC TO DC AND THEN BACK TO AC (synchro-converter)
ALSO
2) AC TO AC (cyclo-converter)

SYNCHRO-CONVERTERS
AC CONVERTED TO DC AND THEN RECONVERTED BACK
TO AC

ALSO KNOWN AS 6 PULSE CONVERTER


Input in 6 pulses, AC is converted to DC(pulsating). Output likewise
is converted in 6 pulses to AC.
(Six pulse video demo & last figure).

Used to drive very large SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS and thus


applicable to MARINE ELECTRICAL PROPULSION.

SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS – WHERE ROTOR ROTATES AT THE


SAME SPEED AS THE ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD, I.E.
SYNCHRONISED. T’FORE DESPITE LOAD CHANGE, SPEED
REMAINS CONSTANT.
Video : 6 Pulse Conversion of Input
Video : Basic Inverter ( 0.25 to 6.0 Mins)
SPEED CONTROL
FREQUENCY IS CONTROLLED BY THE FIRING OF THE +VE AND –VE
THYRISTORS AND HOW FAST THEY ARE FIRED.

SPEED(N) = 120 x Freq (F) If Pulses for firing of Thyristor


No. of Poles(P) Increases, the pulse width
decreases, thus Frequency increases. Therefore if the Thyristors
are fired more rapidly, the Frequency increases and if fired less
rapidly, frequency decreases.

TORQUE(T) = ϕ(Flux) x IA (Armature Current)


(For VFD, the IGBTs are used where current is a factor in controlling
the Torque of the motor)

VOLTAGE CONTROL
IS DONE BY THE ANGLE AT WHICH THE THYRISTORS ARE FIRED
AS PER FIGURE BELOW.

THE LARGER THE ANGLE OF FIRING,


THE LOWER THE AVERAGE OUTPUT
VOLTAGE & SMALLER THE ANGLE OF
FIRING, LARGER THE AVERAGE OUTPUT
VOLTAGE.
Voltage

100V
90V

70V

3o 45o 90o 120o 160o 177o


time

0 π/2 π 2π
Usually the firing angle can be between 3o and 177o. At 3o
the firing of the Thyristor is done early, therefore max
power and voltage output is obtained as opposed to say at
177o. The reason being as follows:-
Just think, if the thyristor T is fired at α = 3o, the average
load voltage would have been maximum as the SCR is ON
from 3 to 177. Similarly, if the firing angle α = π, the
average load voltage would have been zero as SCR will
not conduct at all. At Angle α = 0 & π the voltage and
current are ZERO and the Thyristor will not fire. Thus, by
phase control of SCR, we can control the average load
voltage.

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