DESIGN REPORT FOR

PROPOSED 3STORIED
RESIDENTIALBUILDING

NAME :ACM.Wazeem

INDEX :150668B

INSTITUTE: University of Moratuwa

D/O/SUB : 17/09/2018
 CONTENTS
i. Introduction 1
ii. Codes, manuals, References 2
iii. Preliminary Calculations 3
iv. FEM Modeling 5
v. Load Calculations 8
vi. Wind load Calculations 10
vii. Load Combinations 12
viii. Manual Verifications 13
ix. Design Calculations 14
x. Conclusions 28
xi. Appendix-A Ӏ
xii. Appendix-B V

1
 INTRODUCTION

Proposed three storied Residential building project For Mr.Chrishantha &Nilmini Fernando.
Project architect is Milroy Perera Associates (Pvt) ltd produced Architectural Designs with Client’s
requirements included. Structural Design was done by NCD Consultants (Pvt) ltd. As a Trainee engineer
From NCD Consultants (Pvt) ltd they assigned me to Design the Project again for giving me Structural
design knowledge.

This residential building located in 2nd land ,Walauwatta road, Nawala. This location is in
Western province And Residential was bounded by roads in two sides and other side was bounded by
cannel. I Sketched my own General arrangement for all floors by using Architectural drawings. Then
Preliminary Calculations done and found out structural elements sizes(Slab, Column ,Beam &Stair
cases). IStructE manual used for the sizing calculations .Modelling was done using SAP2000. For the
load calculations & detailing done by using Eurocodes , BScodes &standard detailing manual.

1
 CODES, MANUALS &REFERENCES
Codes used for design

• EN 1990 -Basis of structural designs

• EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode1-Actions on structures-Part 1-1(General Actions Densities, Self-weight
&Imposed loads for buildings)

• EN1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Action on structures -Part 1-4: Wind actions

• EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
building

• BS 8110-1-1997 -Structural use of concrete -Part-1: Code of practice for Design and
calculations

Manuals used for design

• IStructE-Manual for the design of concrete structures to Eurocode 2

• Standard Detailing Manual

References used for design

• Prof.W.P.S.Dias (university of moratuwa) Reinforced Concrete design Book.

2
 PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS

REFERENCE DESCRIPTION OUTPUT

BEAM(Grid-D/1-2)
Assumptions
Diameter of rebar-16mm
Shear link-10 b=225mm
Cover-30mm
Beam depth-400mm
Width (wall width)-225mm (maintain monolithically
ISTructE-Table 4.1 and aesthetically)(minimum breadth-200mm For R120)
As/(bd) <0.35%

Effective depth=400-8-30-10=352
IstructE-Table 5.13 End Span/Effective depth=5000/352=14.205<39 ,OK
IstructE-Table 5.13 Interior Span/Effective depth=4950/352=14.062<45 d =400
,OK

225mm

400mm

EC-4.1&4.2 SLAB(Panel -01)

Ly/lx=4950/4500=1.1< 2 Two way spanning slab
Assume depth =150mm
IStructE-Table-5.8 Cover=35mm 10mm rebars used Slab
Assume As/(bd)=0.35% thk(panel02)
IstructE-Table-4.1 Effective depth=150-35-5=110mm 150mm
Span/Effective depth=4500/110=40.9<45 hence OK
Minimum depth for R120=120mm<150 hence OK

3
REFERENCE DESCRIPTIONS OUTPUT
COLUMN-C2(Ground floor)
Ground floor columns are bearing more loads rather than
other floor columns. Assume 250x250 as column section
Assume slab thickness=175mm

(5000+4950)/2

(4500+3550)/2

ISTRUCTE-4.2 Floor finishes=1.8KN/M2

Ceiling and service load=05KN/M2
Block work partitions=2.5KN/M2
Loading from Reinforced concrete=25KN/M3
Imposed load=3KN/m2

1M strip slab self weight=1x0.175x25=4.375KN/m2

Gk=(1.8+3.75+0.5)+2.5 =9.175KN/m per 1M strip
EN-1991-1-1
Table-6.2 Qk=2KN/m/1m strip (Floor)
Qk=4KN/m/1m strip (Balcony)
Loads from
slab=[(4.5+3.55)/2]x[(5+4.95)/2]x(1.35x9.175+1.5x3)
=338.136KN
Two above slabs=2x338.136=676.272KN

Loads from
beams=1.35x25x0.4x0.225[(4.5+3.55)/2+(5+4.95)/2]
=27.3375KN
Columns load =1.35x(25x0.25x0.25)x(3.05+3.05+2.6)
=18.35KN
Total load on column=338.136+27.34+18.35
ISTRUCTE- =721.966
Table4.3 Assumptions
Reinforce percentage=2%
Stress=20N/mm2
Area of the column=721.9x103 /20=36095mm2
But 250x250=62500mm2 Its very much So les take 200x200 Column size
for column size. We can achieve aesthetic look (wall 200mmx200m
thickness is 225mm)

4
 FEM MODELING

Finite element Analysis is used for this house modelling .House is modelled as using SAP 2000

Software.

Plan view

3D view

5
 Material Properties(BS 5328 part 1(Guide to specifying Concrete))

Material type -Grade 25 Concrete

Weight per unit Volume - 25KN/m3

Modulus of Elasticity -30GPa

Poisson’s ratio -0.2

Coefficient for thermal expansion -10x10-6 K-1

Specific Concrete Compressive strength -25MPa

6
 Section Properties

BEAMS (Rectangular sections)

Beam1-225mmx750mm

Beam2-225mmx500mm

Beam3-225mmx450mm

Tie Beam-200mmx400mm

COLUMMNS

Column1 – 225mmx225mm

Column2 -225mmx225mm

Column3 -225mmx225mm

Column4 -225mmx225mm

Column5-225mmx400mm

Column6-225mmx450mm

Column7 -225mmx225mm

Column8-325mmx225mm

Column9 - 225mmx325mm

7
 Load Calculations

Data collected from ISTRUCTE manuals & Residential Structural design guide BS 6399

Bed room
Gk Qk
Ceiling 0.5 2
Flooring 0.6

Total 1.1 2

Toilets
Gk Qk
Flooring 0.6
Ceiling+services 0.5
Water proofing installation 0.5 2
Total 1.6 2

Tv room
Gk Qk
Flooring 0.6 2.5
Ceiling 0.5

Total 1.1 2.5

Ground floor
Gk Qk
Living room 1.1 4
Garage 1.1 3.5
Pantry 1.1 2
Kitchen 1.1 2
Dining room 1.1 3.5

Covered terrace
Gk Qk
Screed floor finishes 0.6 4
Ceiling +Service load 0.5

Total 1.1 4

Stair case
Gk Qk
Floor finishes 0.6 3
Flooring 0.45
Ceiling+Service 0.5
Total 1.55 3

8
Store room
Gk Qk
Screed floor finishes 0.6 5
Ceiling+Service 0.5
Water proofing installation 0.45
Total 1.55 5

Open terrace
Gk Qk
Screed floor finish 0.6 2
Water proofing installation 0.5
Ceiling +Service 0.5
Total 1.6 2

Balcony
Gk Qk
Clay floor tiles 0.3 2.5
Finishes 0.6
Water proofing 0.5
Total 1.4 2.5

Roof
Gk Qk
Self load 1.5 0
Services 0.5

Total 2 0

Water tank
Gk Qk
Water tank installation 0.5 7.5
Flooring 1.5

Total 2 7.5

9
References Calculations Output
EN 1991-1-4 WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS
Nawala is belongs to western province, So Zone 3
National Annex T1 Cdir=1 Cseason= 1
Vb,map =22ms-1
Assume Town terrain
Calt =1+0.001A =1.003<1.5 (Assume A=3)
Hence ok

Vb = Vb,map x Calt
= 22x1.003 =22.1ms-1
Assumptions made

1.Neighbour Structures disturbs are neglected

2.h dis =0
3.Terrain orography is neglected

NA Clause 4.5 Peak velocity pressure

qp =Ce z qb
qb=1/2 xρVb2

ρ=1.25Kgm3 Z=11.3 Ce=2.9 (Assume distance to shore

line is 2Km)

qp =2.9x0.5x1.25x22.12 =885.2N/m2
h=11.3 <20
h/b =11.3/20 =0.6 <1
Cpe 10 =+0.75(Zone D)
Cpe 10 =-0.5(Zone E)

h=11.3 <14.3
h/b =0.8
Cpe 10 =+0.78(Zone D)
Cpe 10 =-0.5(Zone E)
EN 1991-1-4 Fig
7.5 e = min{20 ,22.6} e=20=b
For y
e =min{14.3 ,22.6}=14.3
For both X and Y e=b

Aref,x =14.3x11.3 =161.6 >10m2

Aref,y = 20x11.3 =226 >10m2
NA Table 7.1
Y direction
Cpe,10 =0.75(Zone D) F =0.66KN/m2
Cpe,10 = -0.5(Zone E) F=-0.44KN/m2

X direction
Cpe,10 =0.78(Zone D) F =0.7KN/m2
Cpe,10 = -0.5(Zone E) F=-0.4KN/m2

10
References Calcuations Output
EN 1991 6.2(1)a Structural Factors
Cs.Cd =1
Fw =Cd.Cs ΣsurfaceWAref
We =qpZe Cpe

External pressure
F=1.0 x(0.78-(-0.5)x885.24

X direction
Roof level force =2.6/2 x14.3x1150.812
=21KN
Y direction
Roof level force =2.6/2 x20x1150.812
= 30KN

11
 Load Combinations

Ultimate Limit State - 1.35GK +1.5Qk

Serviceability Limit State - 1.0QK +1.0Qk

Live is leading Wx - 1.35GK +1.5Qk +(1.5x0.5) Wx

Live leading Wy - 1.35GK +1.5Qk +(1.5x0.5)Wy

Wx leading load -1.35GK +1.5Wx +(1.5x0.7)Qk

Wy leading load - 1.35GK +1.5Wy +(1.5x0.7) Qk

12
 MANUAL VERIFICATIONS

Manual verifications were done for chosen Beams and Columns. Comparison between
SAP2000 results and manual calculated results Analyzed in this part.

Bending Moment and Shear forces Less than 5%

Internal stresses and Forces less than 10%

Differences between those results within that percentage limit, Our analysis results are annually
verified.

BEAM 1-A-B

Manual

Design load=39.5KN/m

M @ Centre = 39.5x52/24 =41.2KNm

M max = 39.x52/12 = 82.4KNm

From SAP2000 Result

M @Centre =46KNm Deviation= 5KNm

M max = 88KNm Deviation = 5.6KNm

Deviations are less than 5% So, Manually verified

COLUMN 3-B(Ground floor)

Axial load Acting on Column =(Self weights of columns+Self weights of slabs+Water tank
weight+First & second floor wall weights +Beam weights)

ULS=1.35xGk +1.5Qk

=877.3KN

SAP2000 result =872.6KN Deviation=4..7KN

SO, less than10% Results are manually verified

13
 Design Calculations
References Calculations Output
One way spanning Slab (panel 07)

Design load=1.35x5.5+1.5x3=12KN/m

Interior span
Consider 1m strip

3.35m

11.5m
Span moment=0.063FL
ISTRUCTE- =0.063x12x3.35x3.35
Table5.2 =8.48KNm
Support moment=-0.063FL
=-8.48KNm
Shear force @support=0.5F
=20.1KN
Cover calculation
EC2-4.4.1.2 Assume T10 bars used
Exposure class-XC3 and S4(50 years) so Minimum cover-25mm
Cnom =Cmin +Cdev
EC2-4.4.1.2(2) Cmin=max[Cminb;]

EC2-4.4.1.3(1) Cdev=10mm
EC2-4.4.1.2(2) Cnom=35mm
R90 h>100 and Cfir=15mm Cover=35mm
ISTRUCTE-
table5.1
Effective depth=150-35-10/2=110mm

d=110mm
Design for bending @span
Beam behaves as a rectangular beam
K’=0.167
M=8.48KNm(Design moment)
d=110mm
K=M/bd2fck =8.48x106/(1000x1102x25)=0.028<0.167
EqA.5 Singly reinforcement is enough

Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=107.2mm & Z=0.95d=104.5mm

EqA.6 Z=104.5mm
As=M/0.87fykZ =8.48x106/0.87x460x104.5 =202.77mm2

Area of T10 bar=78.54mm2

EqA.9 So 5T10 bars @200mm spacing over 1m wide strip
As provided=392.7mm2 5T10@200mm

14
References Calculations Output
Checking for minimum reinforcement
EC-Table 3.1 Fctm=2.6MPa

EC2-9.2.1.1(1) As,prov>As,min but not less than 0.0013 bt d

As,min=0.26Fctm bt d/Fyk=0.26x2.6x103x110/460
=161.65mm2

0.0013 bt d=0.0013x1000x110=143mm2 <161.65mm2

Minimum reinforcement
EC-9.2.1.1(3) provided=392.7mm2>161.65mm2
Hence OK
Check for maximum reinforcement
As/Ac =392.7/150x10=0.262<4
EC-9.3.1.1(3) Hence OK

Maximum spacing

Smax,slab=3h <400mm
=3x150=450>400
So allowable maximum spacing=400mm Spacing=200mm

EC-7.4.2(2) Provided spacing 200mm <400mm Hence ok

Check for deflection

Effective span =3350 (short span)
ρ=As,req/bd = 202.77/1000x150 =1.84X10-3
Eq7.16a ρ’=0 ρ0=√Fckx10-3 =√25x10-3 =5x10-3
Table7.4N

K=1.5
EC-7.4.2(2)

l/d=K[11+1.5√(25x10-3) ρ0/ ρ +3.2√(25x10-3)( ρ0/ ρ-1)3/2]

=101.1
310/σ =500xAs,prov/(FykxAs,req)=2.11>1.5

(l/d)allowable =1.5x101.1=151.5>40
(l/d)allowable)=40

Hence Ok.

Design for the bending moment @the support

Since the bending moment and effective depth @ the

support is identical to that of the span the steel provided
will be also can be identical. So use T10@200mm

15
References Calculations Output
Check for shear
EC-6.2.2(1) Shear force @ support=20.1KN

CRd,c=0.12
K1=0.15 K=1+√(200/110) >2 So , K=2

VRd,c =54.761KN

With the minimum of

VRd,c =(Vmin + K1σcp)bw d

Vmin=0.035K3/2 Fck1/2
=0.5N/mm2
VRd,c=55KN

VRd,c=54.76KN/m <55KN/m VRd,c =55KN/m

VEd=20.1KN/m <55KN/m

So, NO need of Shear reinforcement

EC-9.3.1.1(2) Secondary reinforcement

Secondary reinforcement of 20% of the principal
reinforcement must be provided
Secondary reinforcement=39.7x0.2
=78.54mm2/m
So,T10@400mm should provide

16
References Calculations Output
BS8110-1-1997 Two way spanning Slab (panel 01)
Table-3.1
Ly/lx =1.57
Design load =1.35x6+1.5x2 =11.1KN/m

βsxc =0.08624
βsxd =0.06468
βsy =0.044

For continuous edge moment = - βsxcFl

= -23.92KNm

For Short span = βsxdFl

= 18KNm

For long Span = βsxyFl

= 12.21KNm
Let’s assume T10 bars used for reinforcement
Slab thickness is 175mm and cover 35mm

deff = 175-35-10/2 = 135mm (Short direction)

EqA.5 deff =dshort -10 =125mm

Designfor Bending moment (Short way, mid span)

EqA.6
deff =135mm
K’=0.167
EqA.9 M= 18KNm(Design moment)
d=110mm
K=M/bd2fck = 18x106/(1000x1352x25)=0.04<0.167
Singly reinforcement is enough
Z=128.25mm
Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=130mm & Z=0.95d=
128.25mm

As=M/0.87fykZ =18x106/0.87x460x128.25 = 350.7mm2

Area of T10 bar=78.54mm2

Asmin= 161.65mm2
So 5T10 bars @200mm spacing over 1m wide strip
As provided=392.7mm2
Maximum spacing 400mm so provided 200mm spacing is
ok

Designfor Bending moment (long span mid)

EqA9
M < Mshort span
K < 0.04 <0.167
So singly reinforced is Ok
deff= 125mm
Z =120.42mm &0.95d =118.75mm Z=118.75mm

As=M/0.87fykZ =12.21x106/0.87x460x118.75 = 256.9mm2

17
References Calculations Output
Area of T10 bar=78.54mm2
Asmin= 161.65mm2
So 5T10 bars @200mm spacing over 1m wide strip
So OK

Designfor Bending moment (Short span continuous

EqA.5 edge)

K=M/bd2fck = 23.92x106/(1000x1352x25)=0.053<0.167
EqA.6 Singly reinforcement is enough

Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=130mm & Z=0.95d=

EqA.9 128.25mm
Z=128.25mm
As=M/0.87fykZ =23.92106/0.87x460x128.25 =466mm2
As,pro =550mm2 >161.65mm2
So provide 7T10 bars @ 150mm spacing for short span
curtailment

0.3l => Short direction =1500mm

=> Long direction = 2355mm
Deflection

l(actual) = 5000mm l(eff) = 5000-200 +2x87.5

= 4975mm
(l/d)actual =4.975/0.135 =36.85
(l/d) = 40
310/σs = (500/460)x(392.7/350.7) =1.22 <1.5

(l/d)allowable =1.22x40 =48.8 <40

EqA9
(l/d)actual < (l/d)allowable
Hence ok
Check for shear
Short Span support Shear force =11.1x5/2 x1 =27.75 KN
VEd =110% =30.525KN
CRd,c=0.12
K1=0.15 K=1+√(200/135) >2 So , K=2

VRd,c =54.761KN
With the minimum of
VRd,c =(Vmin + K1σcp)bw d
Vmin=0.035K3/2 Fck1/2
=0.5N/mm2
VRd,c=66.82KN

VRd,c=66.764KN/m <66.82KN/m

VEd=30.525KN/m <66.82KN/m
ISTRUCTE-fig Hence no Shear reinforcement needed
5.2

18
References Calculations Output
EC2-Table 4.4N Design of Beam(225x500)
Cover Calculations
4.4.1.2(2)
Assume T16 bars used
Exposure class-XC3 and S4(50 years) so Minimum cover-
25mm
Cnom =Cmin +Cdev
Cmin=max[Cminb;]
Cdev=10mm
Cnom=35mm

Design for Hogging moment

Assume beam behaves as rectangular section and singly
reinforced section
Design moment=122KNm
For a singly reinforced section
x/d =0.45
EqA.5 K’=0.167
K=M/bd2fck
K’>K So, d>465mm
EqA.6 dmin = 465mm

Choose d=500mm
EqA.9 Assume T10 links used
deff =500-35-8-6 =451
K=M/bd2fck =0.106>0.167
Hence Ok
So, Compressive reinforcement is not needed
Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=404mm & Z=0.95d=
429mm
EqA9 Z=404mm
As=M/0.87fykZ =122x106/0.87x460x404=754.5mm2
Provide 4T16 bars

Design for sagging moment @ Exterior span

Design moment=105mm2
EqA.5 K’=0.167
K=M/bd2fck
K’>K So, d>465mm
EqA.6 dmin = 465mm

Choose d=500mm
EqA.9 Assume T10 links used
deff =500-35-8-6 =451
K=M/bd2fck =105x106/225x4512x25=0.0156<0.167
Hence Ok
So, Compressive reinforcement is not needed
Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=429mm & Z=0.95d=
428.5mm
Z=429mm
S=(451-429)x2 =44mm hf/2 =75mm
S<h So beam can be design as a rectangular section
EqA9

19
References Calculations Output
As=M/0.87fykZ =105x106/0.87x460x429=611.6mm2
Design for sagging moment @ Mid span
EqA.5 Design moment=68KNm
Assume T10 links used
deff =500-35-8-6 =451mm
EqA.6 K=M/bd2fck =68x106/1118.25x4512x25=0.113<0.167
Hence Ok
So, Compressive reinforcement is not needed
EqA.9 Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=400mm & Z=0.95d=
429mm
Z=400mm
S=2(451-400)=102mm
hf=150mm
So neutral axis is with in the flange

As=M/0.87fykZ =425mm2
As,min = 0.26Fctmbd/Fyk =149mm2 <As,req
Hence Ok
EqA9 Reinforcement providing
1.Hogging @Interior support
As,req =754.5mm2
So provide 2T20 & T16 Bars As,pro=829mm2 < As,min
=149mm2
So singly reinforced.
2.Sagging @ Exterior support
As,req =611mm2
So provide 2T20 & T16 Bars As,pro=829mm2 < As,min
=149mm2
So singly reinforced.
3.Sagging @mid span
As,req =425mm2
So provide 2T16& T12 Bars As,pro=515mm2 < As,min
=149mm2
So singly reinforced

Design for shear

Check for Crushing & Strut @D2
VEf =86.11KN
Lets take Ө =220 And Cot Ө=2.5
𝛼𝑐𝑤 𝑈0 𝑍 𝑉1 𝑓𝑐𝑑
VRd,max = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝑓𝑐𝑘
v = 0.6(1 − 250) = 0.54 = V1
Z = 0.9d= 450mm
fcd = 0.567fck = 0.567x25 = 14.2 N
αcw = 1 (non pre stressed)
θ = 450 (maximum allowable)
VRd,max =267.25KN > 86.11KN
VRd,max > VEF Hence ok

20
References Calculations Output
VED=68.64KN

VRd,c=[CRD,CK(100ρ.Fck)1/3 +K1σcp]bwd
CRD,C =0.12

K1 =0.15
Vmin=0.035K3/2 Fck1/2
K=1+√(200/500)=1.63
ρ1=Asl/bwd Asl = 603mm2
ρ1=536x10 <0.02
-3

minimum VRd, =3.7KN

VRd, =52.266KN
VEd=68.64KN So. Shear reinforcement needed

Assume T10 diameter Bars with two upright arms

Asw=157mm2 T10 links
VEd=68.64x103=AswZFywdCot22o/S @200mm spacing
S = 550mm
SO,ProvideT10 Links in 200mm spacing.

Exterior support shear

VEf =63.23KN
VEd=46.5KN
VRd,max=267.25KN>VEF =63.23KN Hence OK
EC2.6.2.
VRd,c=52.226 >46.5KN
Hence n0 shear reinforcement needed
Put R6 shear links for durability
NA6.2.2.1
VEd=63.23x103=AswZFywdCot22o/S
Asw/S =0.19
Smax =300mm but S=148mm
SO, Provide R6 links @150mm spacing

Deflection check

Leff =4925mm
EC2-9.2.1.1(3) Ρo=√Fck x10-3 =5x10-3
ρ =As,req /bwd =552/500x225 =4.9x10-3 <5x10-3
EC2-5.3.2.2(1)
ρ < Ρo
EC2 7.4.2(2) l/d =K[11+1.5√25x5/4.9 +3.2√25 (5/4.9 -1)3/2]
= 24.31
310/σs = 500/(FykAs,req/As,pro) =1.19 <1.5
EC2-Eg.7.16(a)
(l/d)allowable =24.31x0.8 =19.45
dact =500-35-8-8 =449mm
(l/d)pro =4925/449 =10.97 < 24.31
Hence OK

21
References Calculations Output
ISTRUCTE Table Column design(C5)
5.14 Considered a column in ground floor (Critical column)

Icz =3.05m
Icy = 3.05+0.5-0.175 =3.375
βtop =0.8(Ground columns)
βbottom =0.75(Ground columns)
EC2 5.8.3.1(1)
Icz = 0.75x3.05m =2.2875m
Icy = 0.8x3.375 = 2.700m

λlim =20(ABC)/√n

A=1/(1+0.2ϕef) =0.7 & B= √(1+2ὠ)=1.1 &C =1.7

NEd = 870
Ac =225x400
EC2 5.8.3.2 Fcd =0.567x25

λlim = (20x0.7x1.1x1.7)/√(870x103)/225x400x25

λ=Io/i

Icol =1/12 x225 x 4003

=12 x108 mm4
Acol =225x400 =90000mm4
i =√Icol/Acol =115mm
λoz =Ioz/i =19.9 < λlim
λoy =Ioy/i =23.5 < λlim

Hence short column Non Slender column

ISTRUCTE Design for Reinforcement

appendix C
d/h =(400-35-6-6)/400 =0.88
N/bhfck =870x1000/(225x400x25) =0.387

AsFyk/bhfck <0
EC2-9.5.2(2) So nominal steel will be enough
As,min =0.1Ned/Fyd or 0.004Ac

As,min =0.1x870x1000/(460/1.15) =217.5mm2

0.004Ac =360mm2
So As,min =360mm2
So use 4T12 bars 4T12bars &R6
Shear links
Design for shear links
EC2-9.5.3.1 Assume R6 links
Bar diameter=6mm >max{6,12/4,3}
Bar spacing = 200mm <Min{20x10,225,400} @200mm spacing
So use R6 links @200mm spacing

22
References Calculations Output
Check for Bending Moment

b=225mm
d=400mm
Major Axis Minor axis
M=15KNm M=16KNm

M/(bh2 Fck) =15x106 /(225x4002x25) =0.017

As,min is enough to resist the biaxial effect

As Fyk/(bhFck) =0.0
As,min =360mm2
So 4T12 bars with T6links @200mm spacing is enough

ISTRUCTE Table Biaxial

5.17 hMzi/bMyi =400x15/225x16 =1.66>1 but <5

β = 0.875
ISTRUCTE Table M = Mz +βb’My/h’
5.26 = 15+0.875(225-35-6-6)x16/400-35-5-6)
= 22.1KNm
M/(bh2 Fck) =22.1x106/225x4002x25

As,req =0
So provided 4T12 is Ok

23
References Calculations Output
Design for Pad footing
Assumptions and Datas
End bearing capacity of soil =150KN/m2
Critical Column Service load =863.5KN
Expected load = 1.08x863.5
=933KN
Required Area for Base => A>933/150
A=6.25mm2
So, let’s take base 2.5x2.5x0.4
Assume Footing is 2m below the Ground level
1.Weight of the base =6.25x25x0.4
= 62.5KN
2.Weight of the soil =(6.25-(0.225x0.4))x1x18
= 111KN
3.Column self-weight = 0.225x0.4x25x1
=2.3KN
Actual load on footing = 1039KN
Pressure= 1039/2.5x2.5 =166.24 >150
So, take 3mx3mx0.4m as a base Base
Pressure=115.44 <150KN 3mx3mx0.4m

Effective depth(d)
Preliminary Check
d>= 10(Nuls)0.5
d>10x√1111.44 =333mm <400mm
Overall depth 400mm , Hence OK

Design for Bending Moment

Ultimate bearing pressure =1111/32 =123.4KN/m2

Critical bending moment @ face of the column
M=123.4x3x[(3-0.4)/2]2 x0.5
= 313KNm
Assume cover 40mm For XC4
T16 bars were taken
dmin = 400-40-16-8 =336mm
dmax = 400-40-8 =352mm

K’=0.167
AppendixA.2 M= 313KNm(Design moment)
d=336mm
K=M/bd2fck = 313x106/(1000x3362x25)=0.0369<0.167
Eq A.5 Singly reinforcement is enough

Z=d[0.5+√(0.25-k/1.134)]=325mm & Z=0.95d=

Eq A.6 319mm
Z=319mm

Eq A.9 As=M/0.87fykZ =313x106/0.87x460x319 = 2452mm2

Area of T10 bar=78.54mm2

Asmin= 161.65mm2

24
References Calculations Output
ISTRUCTE Cx+3d =400+3x336 = 1408mm
5.10.7 1.5(Cx+3d)=2112mm
lx = 3000mm<2112mm

Hence reinforcement should be banded

2/3 As with in Cx+3d =1408mm
2/3 x2452 =1635mm2
Provide 9T16 @200mm spacing

As,provided =1809mm2
EC2-9.3.1.1(1) 4T16 @200mm spacing for other 1/3 in both sides

Total As,provided=2614mm2
Check for minimum reinforcement
Fctm=2.6MPa

As,prov>As,min but not less than 0.0013 bt d

As,min=0.26Fctm bt d/Fck=0.26x2.6x225x336/25
=2044mm2

0.0013 bt d=98.24mm2 <161.65mm2

Minimum reinforcement provided=2614mm2>2044mm2

Hence OK

ISTRUCTE Anchorage length=40D

Table5.24 =40x16
=640mm
640mm< (3000-400)/2 -40 =1260mm
Hence OK
Check for Shear
Vertical line shear
Consider a section @ d from the column face
V=123.4x3x[(3-0.4)/2 -0.336] =357KN
With the minimum of

EC2-6.2.2. (1) VRd,c =(Vmin + K1σcp)bw d

Eq 6.2a CRd,c=0.12
K1=0.15 K=1+√(200/110) >2 So , K=2
VRd,c =54.761KN

Vmin=0.035K3/2 Fck1/2
=0.41N/mm2
bw =3000mm
VRd,c=0.41x3000x336
=413.28KN

VRd,c=419.11KN/m <413.28KN/m

VEd=357KN/m <419KN/m
So, shear reinforcement is not needed
EC2-6.2.1.4
25
References Calculations Output
Check for punching shear at column face

Column dimensions = 400x225

Perimeter of column head = 2x(400+225) = 1250
𝑑𝑥+𝑑𝑦 336+352
deff = = = 344 mm
2 2

VEF = F – 0.4x0.225xn
6.4.2(1)
= 1111- 0.4x0.225x123.4
Eq 6.32
= 1100 kN

𝑣𝐸𝐹 1100
VEF = = 2∗625∗344 = 2.558 N/mm2
𝑈0 𝑑

Crushing strength of diagonal strut

6.2.3(3) 𝛼𝑐𝑤 𝑈0 𝑍 𝑉1 𝑓𝑐𝑑

VRd,max = = 1486 kN
Eq 6.9 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝑓𝑐𝑘
v = 0.6(1 − ) = 0.54 = V1
250

Z = 0.90 = 0.9x344 = 310mm

fcd = 0.567fck = 0.567x25 = 14.2 N/mm2

αcw = 1 (non pre stressed)

θ = 450 (maximum allowable)

𝑣𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 1486 2
VRd,max = = = 3.5 N/mm
𝑈0 𝑑 625∗2∗344

VRd,max > VEF Hence ok

Checking for punching shear @ distance d

The length of the perimeter = 2πleff

= 3411 mm

Area within the perimeter

= 4x0.225 + (2x0.4x0.344) + (2x0.225x0.344) +(
πx0.344)
= 0.89 m2

26
References Calculations Output
VEd ,red1 = F – 0.89n
EC2-6.4.4(2) = 1111 - 123.4x0.89
= 1001 kN

𝑣Ed ,red1 1001∗103

VEd ,red1 = = = 0.85 N/mm2
𝑈1 𝑑 3411∗344

Design value of shear resistance of the concrete slab

without links

1
VRd,c = CRd,c K(100ρ1 fck )3 + K1σcp
EC2-6.4.4.1
With the min of VRd,c = Vmin + K1σcp (K1σcp = 0)
200
K = 1+√344 = 1.76 ≤ 2

CRd,c = 0.12

Vmin = 0.035K3/2 Fck1/2 =0.41N/mm2

1
VRd,c = 0.12x1.76x(0.26 ∗ 29)3
= 0.39 < 0.41

So, take VRd,c= 0.41 N/mm2

2∗𝑑
Modification factor = 𝑎
2∗𝑑
Find VRd,1 = VRd,c x 𝑎
2∗344
= 0.41x 344
= 0.82 N/mm2

VEd,red1 < VRd,1

hence Shear reinforcement
Against punching is not necessary

Check for Punching shear at 2d distance

The length the perimeter = 2x625+2xπx2x344 =5.572 m

Area within perimeter

= 0.4x0.225+π(0.344 ∗ 2)2 + 2 ∗ 0.34𝑚2

VEd,red2 = F – 2.44x123.4 = 809 kN

809∗103
VEd,red = = 0.422 N/mm2
5572∗344

Modification factor =

Final Value = 0.422 N/mm2

VEd,red2 < VRd,c

So shear reinforcement against punching is not necessary
27
 CONCLUSION
This design process of three storied residential building was given confidents and
Experiences in Designing 3D modelling and analysis. Achieved Different Codes and manuals handling
in design procedure .SAP2000 software usages and load transferring on the frame , Load patterns, load
Combinations .After analysis how we can use the SAP results for further calculations for design.

Structural members Cross section sizes found by Preliminary calculations .Those procedures
learnt and gave brief idea about normal column and beam sizes. From these design , Give a knowledge
to design a building by using an architectural drawings and modify that drawing to our General
arrangement Then design the structural parts with SAP2000.

After analysis design calculations done for find out the reinforcement details and Given ideas
about reinforcement arrangement in Beam ,Column And Slab. Hand sketches were done for detailing
the reinforcement and Detailing knowledge achieved from this design class.

28
 APPENDIX -A(IStructE manual & BS8110)

Load Calculations

Density of reinforced Concrete -25KN/m3

Floor Finishes - 1.8KN/m2

For ceiling & Service load - 0.5KN/m2

Self-weight

BEAM

Beam1-25x.0.225x0.75 =4.22KN/m

Beam2-25x0.225x0.5 =2.81KN/m

SLABS

150mm Slab 1 = 0.15x25 +1.8+0.5 = 6.05KN/m2

200mm Slab 2 = 0.2x25 +1.8+0.5 = 7.3 KN/m2

175mm slab 3 = 0.175x25+1.8+05 =6.675 KN/m2

ROOF

Clay tiles =0.65 KN/m2

Timber trusses &Rafters =0.25 KN/m2

Ceiling Joints =0.1 KN/m2

First Floor wall self weight =13KN/m

Second Floor wall self weight =11.5KN/m

Load transfer

Load transfer through the shortest path(BS8110-1)

Vsy = βvxnlx

Vsx = βvynlx

Design load =βnlx

β=We calculate this coefficient to accommodate reasonable load distribution

(Normally continuous edges take more load than discontinuous edges) I

II
 Using above β values to distribute the loads to the beams

Ly/lx =1.57

Gk =Slab self weight +other dead load =6KN/m2

Qk = 2KN/m2

Short span lx =5m

G=0.29x5x6=8.7KN/m2

Q=0.29x5x2 =3KN/m2

Loads will be distributed each two way spanning panels like this.

5000mm
0.29
G=8.7
Q=3

7850mm
0.38 panel 1 0.58

0.29

When applying load in SAP2000 within 0.75length of the beams load wil be distribute

One way spanning panels β values will be

0.5

0.33 0.33

0.5

When applying load in SAP2000 all over the beam load will be distribute

III
 APPENDIX-B

SAP MODELING

When we start to model we first define the Grid details .Because it will help to workin
the interface and we can easily locate our desired positions.

When we input our material properties and section properties we have to decide our load
patterns

Usually beam self weight only we allow to include in analysis. Others are we separately
include to beams.

IV
We analyze the model with ultimate limit state combinations and use the results for
verification.