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Asynchronous Data Transfer

The document discusses asynchronous data transfer techniques, including strobe control and handshaking. Strobe control uses a single line to time transfers but has no confirmation of receipt. Handshaking adds a second line for acknowledgment to confirm transfers between source and destination units.

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S.Ramesh raja
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163 views

Asynchronous Data Transfer

The document discusses asynchronous data transfer techniques, including strobe control and handshaking. Strobe control uses a single line to time transfers but has no confirmation of receipt. Handshaking adds a second line for acknowledgment to confirm transfers between source and destination units.

Uploaded by

S.Ramesh raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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II B.

Sc CS - Computer Architecture

2. ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER :


• This Scheme is used when speed of I/O devices do not match with microprocessor,
and timing characteristics of I/O devices is not predictable.
• In this method, process initiates the device and check its status. As a result, CPU has
to wait till I/O device is ready to transfer data.
• When device is ready CPU issues instruction for I/O transfer. In this method two
types of techniques are used based on signals before data transfer.
i. Strobe Control
ii. Handshaking

STROBE CONTROL :
The strobe control method of Asynchronous data transfer employs a single control line to
time each transfer. The strobe may be activated by either the source or the destination unit.
Source-Initiated Data Transfer:

• In the block diagram fig. (a), the data bus carries the binary information from source to
destination unit. Typically, the bus has multiple lines to transfer an entire byte or word.
The strobe is a single line that informs the destination unit when a valid data word is
available.
• The timing diagram fig. (b) the source unit first places the data on the data bus. The
information on the data bus and strobe signal remain in the active state to allow the
destination unit to receive the data.

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II B.Sc CS - Computer Architecture

Destination-Initiated Data Transfer:


• In this method, the destination unit activates the strobe pulse, to informing the source to
provide the data. The source will respond by placing the requested binary information on
the data bus.
• The data must be valid and remain in the bus long enough for the destination unit to accept
it. When accepted the destination unit then disables the strobe and the source unit removes
the data from the bus.

Disadvantage of Strobe Signal :


The disadvantage of the strobe method is that, the source unit initiates the transfer has no way
of knowing whether the destination unit has actually received the data item that was places in
the bus. Similarly, a destination unit that initiates the transfer has no way of knowing whether
the source unit has actually placed the data on bus. The Handshaking method solves this
problem.

HANDSHAKING:
The handshaking method solves the problem of strobe method by introducing a second
control signal that provides a reply to the unit that initiates the transfer.
Principle of Handshaking:
The basic principle of the two-wire handshaking method of data transfer is as follow:
One control line is in the same direction as the data flows in the bus from the source to
destination. It is used by source unit to inform the destination unit whether there a valid data
in the bus. The other control line is in the other direction from the destination to the source. It
is used by the destination unit to inform the source whether it can accept the data. The
sequence of control during the transfer depends on the unit that initiates the transfer.
Source Initiated Transfer using Handshaking:
The sequence of events shows four possible states that the system can be at any given time.
The source unit initiates the transfer by placing the data on the bus and enabling its data valid
signal. The data accepted signal is activated by the destination unit after it accepts the data
from the bus. The source unit then disables its data accepted signal and the system goes into
its initial state.

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